Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies

disease
On this page

Also known as NEDDFL

Summary

Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies (MONDO:0060596) is a disease caused by BPTF (GenCC Strong), with 11 cohort genes.

At a glance

  • Prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000 (Worldwide) [Orphanet-validated]
  • Causal gene: BPTF (GenCC Strong)
  • Cohort genes: 11
  • ClinVar variants: 135

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

2 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

TypeClassValueGeographyValidation
Cases/families49WorldwideValidated
Point prevalence<1 / 1 000 000WorldwideValidated

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical nameneurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies
Mondo IDMONDO:0060596
OMIM617755
Orphanet686482
DOIDDOID:0070514
UMLSC4540327
MedGen1627464
GARD0018513
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: NEDDFL · neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies

Data availability: 135 ClinVar variants · 3 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary diseasehereditary neurological diseaseMendelian neurodevelopmental disorderneurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies

Related subtypes (275): microcephaly and chorioretinopathy, microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability, autosomal dominant primary microcephaly, Prader-Willi syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 3, CK syndrome, orofaciodigital syndrome I, Rett syndrome, Wieacker-Wolff syndrome, Amish lethal microcephaly, cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 2, Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome 2, developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability, complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5, AHDC1-related intellectual disability - obstructive sleep apnea - mild dysmorphism syndrome, intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 29, Au-Kline syndrome, cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation;, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart, cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 3, Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome, Harel-Yoon syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, seizures, and absent language, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autistic features and/or structural brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, microcephaly, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and cerebellar atrophy, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder and structural brain anomalies with or without seizures and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, hypotonia, and brain imaging abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, sleep disturbance, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with cardiomyopathy, spasticity, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without early-onset generalized epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autism or seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and variable facial dysmorphism, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and variable seizures, squalene synthase deficiency, intellectual developmental disorder and retinitis pigmentosa; IDDRP, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and ataxia, Houge-Janssens syndrome 3, neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and hypomyelination, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired speech and hyperkinetic movements, developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable brain abnormalities; NEDBA, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and speech and walking impairment, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and structural brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and nonepileptic hyperkinetic movements, neurodevelopmental disorder with coarse facies and mild distal skeletal abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxia, hypotonia, and microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorder with cataracts, poor growth, and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar hypoplasia and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and variable intellectual and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, arthrogryposis, and structural brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic quadriplegia, optic atrophy, seizures, and structural brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal skeletal anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with absent language and variable seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with nonspecific brain abnormalities and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral abnormalities, absent speech, and hypotonia, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cortical malformations, and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with brain anomalies and with or without vertebral or cardiac anomalies, Poirier-Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, spasticity, and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and autistic features with or without hyperkinetic movements, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, neonatal respiratory insufficiency, and thermodysregulation, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with relative macrocephaly and with or without cardiac or endocrine anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, impaired speech, and hypotonia, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech impairment and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with alopecia and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and brain atrophy, Delpire-McNeill syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, cataracts, feeding difficulties, and delayed brain myelination, developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities, Stankiewicz-Isidor syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with midbrain and hindbrain malformations, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, neuropathy, and deafness, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies, encephalopathy, neonatal severe, with lactic acidosis and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, ataxia, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder, mitochondrial, with abnormal movements and lactic acidosis, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and cortical atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with severe motor impairment and absent language, neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxic gait, absent speech, and decreased cortical white matter, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizures and gait abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor language and loss of hand skills, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cataracts, and renal abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic quadriplegia and brain abnormalities with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and poor growth, neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, FOXG1 disorder, genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder, PPP2R1A-related intellectual disability, intellectual disability, autosomal dominant, CACNA1A-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder, X-linked intellectual disability, PAX5-related B lymphopenia and autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities, KCNH1 associated disorder, AFG2B-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder with motor features and hearing loss, intellectual disability, autosomal recessive, FAT4-related neurodevelopmental disorder, SOX11-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder with or without congenital anomalies, microcephaly with lissencephaly and/or hydranencephaly, MYH10-related neurodevelopmental disorder with congenital anomalies, CNOT9-related developmental disorder with seizures, HMGB1-related brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia syndrome, ATXN7L3-related developmental delay, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism, DIP2C-related developmental disorder with speech delay, EPB41L3-related developmental disorder with delayed myelination and seizures, GABRA4-related neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, GABRD-related neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, KCNK3-related developmental delay with sleep apnea, RFX3-related neurodevelopmental disorder with autism and other behavioural abnormalities, RFX4-related neurodevelopmental disorder with autism and other behavioural abnormalities, KDM2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, TRA2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, WDR5-related neurodevelopmental disorder, ARF3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, CBX1-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DDX17-related neurodevelopmental disorder, FEZF2-related neurodevelopmental disorder, HDAC3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DEAF1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder, SYNCRIP-related neurodevelopmental disorder, HNRNPC-related neurodevelopmental disorder, NACC1-related neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, cataracts and episodic irritability, SETD2-related neurodevelopmental disorder without or with macrocephaly/overgrowth, neurodevelopmental disorder with gait disturbance, dysmorphic facies, and behavioral abnormalities, X-linked, Alzahrani-Kuwahara syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, cataracts, and cerebellar hypoplasia, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and cerebellar hypoplasia, Hiatt-Neu-Cooper neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorder with infantile epileptic spasms, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and speech delay and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and thin corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language and ataxia and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and gross motor and speech delay, neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia, neurodevelopmental disorder, nonprogressive, with spasticity and transient opisthotonus, Marbach-Schaaf neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, Brunet-Wagner neurodevelopmental syndrome, Ferguson-Bonni neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable movement or behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with central hypotonia and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities, Chilton-Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities, parenti-mignot neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, nystagmus, and seizures, Dentici-Novelli neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth and skeletal anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia and seizures, Dworschak-Punetha neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with severe motor impairment, absent language, cerebral hypomyelination, and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay and variable ocular anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, seizures, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, movement abnormalities, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, microcephaly, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, short stature, and speech delay, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, language delay, and skeletal defects with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment, neurodevelopmental disorder with short stature, prominent forehead, and feeding difficulties, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and skeletal and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with facial dysmorphism, absent language, and pseudo-pelger-huet anomaly, neurodevelopmental disorder with craniofacial dysmorphism and skeletal defects, neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia, neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech impairment and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skin abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth, large ears, and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and ischiopubic hypoplasia, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skeletal anomalies, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, spasticity, and complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental disorder with absent speech and movement and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and behavioral abnormalities, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and speech delay, with or without brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and language delay, ocular defects, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and movement abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and speech delay, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and variable cognitive abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor regression, progressive spastic paraplegia, and oromotor dysfunction, Hao-Fountain syndrome due to USP7 mutation, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor abnormalities, seizures, and facial dysmorphism, neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and characteristic brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with early-onset parkinsonism and behavioral abnormalities, Jeffries-Lakhani neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, autism, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder plus optic atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive movement abnormalities, aplasia cutis-enamel dysplasia syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and seizures, El Hayek-Chahrour neurodevelopmental disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, brain anomalies, distinctive facies, and absent language, otofacial neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristic facial and ectodermal features and tetraparesis 1, Kariminejad neurodevelopmental syndrome, Karayol-Borroto-Haghshenas neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, absent speech and ambulation, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with variable familial hypercholanemia, intellectual developmental disorder with polymicrogyria and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech or visual impairment and brain hypomyelination, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, absent speech, and hypotonia, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, poor growth, dysmorphic facies, and agammaglobulinemia, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with thin corpus callosum, hypotonia, and absent language, neurodevelopmental disorder with white matter abnormalities and gait disturbance, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth, seizures, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor or absent speech, dysmorphic facies, and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxia and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, brain anomalies, and seizures, Li-Takada-Miyake syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral, ear, and skeletal abnormalities, Nil-Deshwar neurodevelopmental syndrome, Popov-Chang syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with achalasia, polyneuropathy, and alacrima, Dursun-Ozgul neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with growth impairment, quadriparesis, and poor or absent speech, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay and behavioral abnormalities, Harel-Tora neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurocardiorenal malformation syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral abnormalities and childhood-onset spastic paraplegia, neurodevelopmental disorder with early-onset seizures, facial dysmorphism, and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, Ramond-Elliott neurodevelopmental syndrome, microcephaly, progressive, with simplified gyral pattern and cerebellar hypoplasia, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, epilepsy, and absent speech, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay, movement abnormalities, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, thin corpus callosum, and decreased brain white matter, neurodevelopmental disorder with congenital cardiac defects and variable renal and ocular abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, hypotonia, and variable spasticity, PIP5K1C-related neurodevelopmental disorder, KCND2-related neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizures, PRPF19-related neurodevelopmental disorder, CTR9-related neurodevelopmental disorder, CAMK2D-related neurodevelopmental disorder and dilated cardiomyopathy, PPFIA3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, dyneinopathy, MYCBP2-related developmental delay with corpus callosum defects, GRIN-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder, RNU5B-1 related neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and joint laxity, TSEN2-related neurodevelopmental disorder with or without thrombotic microangiopathy

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

135 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

70 uncertain significance, 23 likely pathogenic, 21 pathogenic, 9 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 5 benign/likely benign, 4 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 2 benign, 1 not provided

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
1174080NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.5575_5576del (p.Arg1859fs)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
1319921NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.1999C>T (p.Gln667Ter)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
1319947NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.7960_7961del (p.Glu2654fs)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
1330710NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.6562_6563del (p.Val2188fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1693493NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.209dup (p.Ser71fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3068507NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.7776dup (p.Arg2593fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3254960NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.3157_3158del (p.Lys1053fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3377266NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.5854dup (p.Ala1952fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3679943NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.8572C>T (p.Arg2858Ter)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4292692NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.3964C>T (p.Arg1322Ter)BPTFPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
431064NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.2482dup (p.Glu828fs)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
431065NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.4838_4839del (p.Val1613fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
431066NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.8701A>T (p.Lys2901Ter)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
431071NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.8609T>G (p.Met2870Arg)BPTFPathogenic/Likely pathogenicno assertion criteria provided
431072NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.989del (p.Leu330fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
4526450NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.2597_2600del (p.Lys866fs)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
4819904NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.2385_2388del (p.Leu796fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
4847311NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.1691dup (p.Asp566fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
828184NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.255del (p.Ser86fs)BPTFPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
976787NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.52_61del (p.Glu18fs)BPTFPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
617475NM_003754.3(EIF3F):c.694T>G (p.Phe232Val)EIF3FPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2664088NC_000010.11:g.79055368_79303220delLOC124416852Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
236407NM_000310.4(PPT1):c.713C>T (p.Pro238Leu)PPT1Pathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2430127NM_014712.3(SETD1A):c.2825del (p.Pro942fs)SETD1APathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1801330NM_001162501.2(TNRC6B):c.1660del (p.Gln554fs)TNRC6BPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1028759NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.2798A>T (p.Lys933Met)BPTFLikely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1031427NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.8552T>G (p.Met2851Arg)BPTFLikely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1334084NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.1132C>T (p.Arg378Ter)BPTFLikely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1341680NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.5564del (p.Pro1855fs)BPTFLikely pathogenicno assertion criteria provided
1341681NM_182641.4(BPTF):c.1133G>A (p.Arg378Gln)BPTFLikely pathogenicno assertion criteria provided

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 5 · Orphanet: 30 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

GeneClassificationInheritanceDiseaseRecords
BPTFStrongAutosomal dominantneurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies5

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
BPTFOrphanet:52996217q24.2 microdeletion syndrome
BPTFOrphanet:686482BPTF-related intellectual disability-facial dysmorphism-skeletal anomalies syndrome
SHHOrphanet:220386Semilobar holoprosencephaly
SHHOrphanet:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephaly
SHHOrphanet:280200Microform holoprosencephaly
SHHOrphanet:476119Autosomal dominant preaxial polydactyly-upperback hypertrichosis syndrome
SHHOrphanet:485275Acquired schizencephaly
SHHOrphanet:93321Isolated radial hemimelia
SHHOrphanet:93336Polydactyly of a triphalangeal thumb
SHHOrphanet:93405Syndactyly type 4
SHHOrphanet:93924Lobar holoprosencephaly
SHHOrphanet:93925Alobar holoprosencephaly
SHHOrphanet:93926Midline interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly
SHHOrphanet:988Tibial hemimelia-polysyndactyly-triphalangeal thumb syndrome
SHHOrphanet:98938Colobomatous microphthalmia
CACNA1COrphanet:101016Romano-Ward syndrome
CACNA1COrphanet:130Brugada syndrome
CACNA1COrphanet:528084Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
CACNA1COrphanet:595098Timothy syndrome type 1
CACNA1COrphanet:595105Timothy syndrome type 2
CACNA1COrphanet:595109Atypical Timothy syndrome
KMT2EOrphanet:528084Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
SCAF4Orphanet:528084Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
SETD1AOrphanet:528084Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
TNRC6BOrphanet:528084Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
PPT1Orphanet:699718Infantile CLN1 disease
PPT1Orphanet:699734Late infantile CLN1 disease
PPT1Orphanet:699739Juvenile CLN1 disease
PPT1Orphanet:699745Adult CLN1 disease
RAC1Orphanet:500159Microcephaly-corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia-facial dysmorphism-intellectual disability syndrom

Cohort genes → proteins

11 cohort genes, 11 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence11

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
BPTFHGNC:3581ENSG00000171634Q12830Nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTFgencc,clinvar
RNASE1HGNC:10044ENSG00000129538P07998Ribonuclease pancreaticclinvar
SHHHGNC:10848ENSG00000164690Q15465Sonic hedgehog proteinclinvar
CACNA1CHGNC:1390ENSG00000151067Q13936Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1Cclinvar
KMT2EHGNC:18541ENSG00000005483Q8IZD2Inactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Eclinvar
SCAF4HGNC:19304ENSG00000156304O95104SR-related and CTD-associated factor 4clinvar
SETD1AHGNC:29010ENSG00000099381O15047Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1Aclinvar
TNRC6BHGNC:29190ENSG00000100354Q9UPQ9Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6B proteinclinvar
EIF3FHGNC:3275ENSG00000175390O00303Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit Fclinvar
PPT1HGNC:9325ENSG00000131238P50897Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1clinvar
RAC1HGNC:9801ENSG00000136238P63000Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
BPTFNucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTFRegulatory subunit of the ATP-dependent NURF-1 and NURF-5 ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes, which form ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin and facilitate access to DNA during DNA-templated processes such as DNA replication, transcrip…
RNASE1Ribonuclease pancreaticEndonuclease that catalyzes the cleavage of RNA on the 3’ side of pyrimidine nucleotides.
SHHSonic hedgehog proteinThe C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity.
CACNA1CVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CPore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents.
KMT2EInactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2EAssociates with chromatin regions downstream of transcriptional start sites of active genes and thus regulates gene transcription.
SCAF4SR-related and CTD-associated factor 4Anti-terminator protein required to prevent early mRNA termination during transcription.
SETD1AHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1AHistone methyltransferase that catalyzes methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of ‘Lys-4’ of histone H3 (H3K4) via a non-processive mechanism.
TNRC6BTrinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6B proteinPlays a role in RNA-mediated gene silencing by both micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
EIF3FEukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit FComponent of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis.
PPT1Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1Has thioesterase activity against fatty acid thioesters with 14 -18 carbons, including palmitoyl-CoA, S-palmitoyl-N-acetylcysteamine, and palmitoylated proteins.
RAC1Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 5 · Difficult: 2 · Unknown: 4 · Druggable fraction: 0.45

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Enzyme (other)44.4×0.039
Ion channel110.1×0.189
Transcription factor21.5×0.523
Other/Unknown40.7×0.946

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
BPTFTranscription factornoBromodomain, Znf_PHD, Znf_FYVE_PHD
RNASE1Enzyme (other)yes4.6.1.18RNaseA, RNaseA_AS, RNaseA_domain
SHHOther/UnknownnoHedgehog_signalling_dom, Hedgehog, Hedgehog_Hint
CACNA1CIon channelyesVDCCAlpha1, VDCC_L_a1su, VDCC_L_a1csu
KMT2ETranscription factornoSET_dom, Znf_PHD, Znf_FYVE_PHD
SCAF4Other/UnknownnoRRM_dom, CID_dom, ENTH_VHS
SETD1AEnzyme (other)yes2.1.1.354RRM_dom, SET_dom, Post-SET_dom
TNRC6BOther/UnknownnoNucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sf, Argonaute_hook_dom, TNRC6_PABC-bd
EIF3FOther/UnknownnoJAMM/MPN+_dom, EIF3F/CSN6-like_C, eIF3f
PPT1Enzyme (other)yes3.1.2.2Palm_thioest, AB_hydrolase_fold
RAC1Enzyme (other)yes3.6.5.2Small_GTPase, Small_GTPase_Rho, Small_GTP-bd

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

11 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)11
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
buccal mucosa cell3
sural nerve2
tendon of biceps brachii2
cortical plate1
ventricular zone1
left testis1
right lung1
right testis1
epithelial cell of pancreas1
right lobe of liver1
apex of heart1
muscle layer of sigmoid colon1
right coronary artery1
mucosa of paranasal sinus1
tendon1
sperm1
paraflocculus1
parotid gland1
epithelium of nasopharynx1
nasopharynx1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
BPTF290ubiquitousmarkersural nerve, ventricular zone, cortical plate
RNASE1283broadmarkerleft testis, right testis, right lung
SHH131broadmarkerbuccal mucosa cell, right lobe of liver, epithelial cell of pancreas
CACNA1C134broadmarkerapex of heart, right coronary artery, muscle layer of sigmoid colon
KMT2E264ubiquitousmarkertendon of biceps brachii, tendon, mucosa of paranasal sinus
SCAF4267ubiquitousmarkertendon of biceps brachii, buccal mucosa cell, sperm
SETD1A234ubiquitousmarkerparaflocculus, sural nerve, parotid gland
TNRC6B289ubiquitousmarkerbuccal mucosa cell, epithelium of nasopharynx, nasopharynx
EIF3F261ubiquitousmarkerprimordial germ cell in gonad, ganglionic eminence, left ovary
PPT1294ubiquitousmarkermonocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte
RAC1295ubiquitousmarkeresophagus squamous epithelium, epithelium of esophagus, visceral pleura

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
SHH4,953
EIF3F4,287
SETD1A3,862
CACNA1C3,145
BPTF2,682
PPT12,444
KMT2E2,340
RAC12,182
SCAF42,068
TNRC6B2,064

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
KMT2ESETD1Astring_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 10 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
RAC1P6300079
BPTFQ1283045
CACNA1CQ1393633
EIF3FO0030327
SHHQ1546520
RNASE1P0799812
SETD1AO150474
KMT2EQ8IZD23
SCAF4O951041
PPT1P508971

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
TNRC6BQ9UPQ939.58

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 123. Enrichment computed across 11 evidence-associated genes (8 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Developmental Lineage of Pancreatic Acinar Cells275.1×0.033RNASE1, SHH
Developmental Cell Lineages256.0×0.033RNASE1, SHH
HHAT G278V doesn’t palmitoylate Hh-Np1285.5×0.039SHH
Formation of lateral plate mesoderm1285.5×0.039SHH
NTRK2 activates RAC11237.9×0.039RAC1
Activated NTRK2 signals through CDK51237.9×0.039RAC1
Post-transcriptional silencing by small RNAs1203.9×0.039TNRC6B
Sema4D mediated inhibition of cell attachment and migration1178.4×0.039RAC1
Inactivation of CDC42 and RAC11178.4×0.039RAC1
Release of Hh-Np from the secreting cell1178.4×0.039SHH
Hh mutants abrogate ligand secretion1178.4×0.039SHH
Ligand-receptor interactions1178.4×0.039SHH
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulate PTEN translation1178.4×0.039TNRC6B
Activation of RAC1 downstream of NMDARs1178.4×0.039RAC1
Nef and signal transduction1158.6×0.039RAC1
Regulation of CDH11 mRNA translation by microRNAs1158.6×0.039TNRC6B
Regulation of NPAS4 mRNA translation1158.6×0.039TNRC6B
Regulation of PD-L1(CD274) translation1158.6×0.039TNRC6B
MAPK6/MAPK4 signaling234.0×0.039TNRC6B, RAC1
RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function230.1×0.039SETD1A, TNRC6B
Regulation of PTEN mRNA translation1142.8×0.039TNRC6B
RHO GTPases activate KTN11129.8×0.039RAC1
MET activates RAP1 and RAC11129.8×0.039RAC1
Regulation of CDH1 mRNA translation by microRNAs1129.8×0.039TNRC6B
WNT5:FZD7-mediated leishmania damping1119.0×0.041RAC1
CD28 dependent Vav1 pathway1109.8×0.041RAC1
Activation of RAC11102.0×0.041RAC1
PTK6 Regulates RHO GTPases, RAS GTPase and MAP kinases1102.0×0.041RAC1
Formation of axial mesoderm1102.0×0.041SHH
SEMA3A-Plexin repulsion signaling by inhibiting Integrin adhesion195.2×0.042RAC1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 11 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis11532.0×0.011SHH
anatomical structure arrangement11532.0×0.011RAC1
trachea morphogenesis11532.0×0.011SHH
right lung development11532.0×0.011SHH
left lung development11532.0×0.011SHH
primary prostatic bud elongation11532.0×0.011SHH
regulation of prostatic bud formation11532.0×0.011SHH
obsolete regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development11532.0×0.011SHH
mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development11532.0×0.011SHH
positive regulation of sclerotome development11532.0×0.011SHH
tracheoesophageal septum formation11532.0×0.011SHH
negative regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation11532.0×0.011SHH
positive regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation11532.0×0.011SHH
negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation11532.0×0.011SHH
positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation11532.0×0.011SHH
embryonic forelimb morphogenesis290.1×0.011SHH, CACNA1C
camera-type eye development265.2×0.011SHH, CACNA1C
brain development321.7×0.011BPTF, SETD1A, PPT1
positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation1766.0×0.013SHH
intein-mediated protein splicing1766.0×0.013SHH
embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration1766.0×0.013RAC1
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development1766.0×0.013RAC1
negative regulation of interleukin-23 production1766.0×0.013RAC1
trunk neural crest cell migration1766.0×0.013SHH
regulation of ERK5 cascade1766.0×0.013RAC1
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process1766.0×0.013RAC1
regulation of nodal signaling pathway1766.0×0.013SHH
positive regulation of ovarian follicle development1766.0×0.013RAC1
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development1766.0×0.013SHH
negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled1766.0×0.013SCAF4

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 5 · Undrugged: 6

Druggability breadth: 9 of 11 evidence-associated genes (82%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
SHHVISMODEGIB
CACNA1CREMIFENTANIL
RAC1KETOROLAC

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
CACNA1C854
RAC134
BPTF22
SHH14
SETD1A12
RNASE100
KMT2E00
SCAF400
TNRC6B00
EIF3F00

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
VISMODEGIB4SHH
REMIFENTANIL4CACNA1C
BEPRIDIL4CACNA1C
CLOTRIMAZOLE4CACNA1C
PROPIVERINE4CACNA1C
DIBUCAINE4CACNA1C
IMIPRAMINE4CACNA1C
DULOXETINE4CACNA1C
QUINIDINE4CACNA1C
ESTRADIOL4CACNA1C
TOLTERODINE4CACNA1C
PIMOZIDE4CACNA1C
NIMODIPINE4CACNA1C
NICARDIPINE4CACNA1C
AMLODIPINE4CACNA1C
VARDENAFIL4CACNA1C
CLEMASTINE4CACNA1C
ISRADIPINE4CACNA1C
TERFENADINE4CACNA1C
NISOLDIPINE4CACNA1C
SOLIFENACIN4CACNA1C
PINAVERIUM4CACNA1C
SILDENAFIL4CACNA1C
NIFEDIPINE4CACNA1C
XANOMELINE4CACNA1C
DILTIAZEM4CACNA1C
PRENYLAMINE4CACNA1C
OLICERIDINE4CACNA1C
PROPRANOLOL4CACNA1C
ALVIMOPAN4CACNA1C

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 4.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
CACNA1C575Binding:319, Functional:211, Toxicity:26, ADMET:19
BPTF125Binding:123, Functional:2
RAC174Binding:74
SHH27Binding:23, Functional:4
RNASE117Binding:16, ADMET:1
SETD1A8Binding:8
PPT15Binding:5
EIF3F4Binding:4
KMT2E1Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
RNASE14.6.1.18pancreatic ribonuclease
SETD1A2.1.1.354[histone H3]-lysine4 N-trimethyltransferase
PPT13.1.2.2, 3.1.2.22palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, palmitoyl[protein] hydrolase
RAC13.6.5.2small monomeric GTPase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
BPTF125
CACNA1C575

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 11; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
VISMODEGIB4SHH
REMIFENTANIL4CACNA1C
BEPRIDIL4CACNA1C
CLOTRIMAZOLE4CACNA1C
PROPIVERINE4CACNA1C
DIBUCAINE4CACNA1C
IMIPRAMINE4CACNA1C
DULOXETINE4CACNA1C
QUINIDINE4CACNA1C
ESTRADIOL4CACNA1C
TOLTERODINE4CACNA1C
PIMOZIDE4CACNA1C
NIMODIPINE4CACNA1C
NICARDIPINE4CACNA1C
AMLODIPINE4CACNA1C
VARDENAFIL4CACNA1C
CLEMASTINE4CACNA1C
ISRADIPINE4CACNA1C
TERFENADINE4CACNA1C
NISOLDIPINE4CACNA1C
SOLIFENACIN4CACNA1C
PINAVERIUM4CACNA1C
SILDENAFIL4CACNA1C
NIFEDIPINE4CACNA1C
XANOMELINE4CACNA1C
DILTIAZEM4CACNA1C
PRENYLAMINE4CACNA1C
OLICERIDINE4CACNA1C
PROPRANOLOL4CACNA1C
ALVIMOPAN4CACNA1C

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)3SHH, CACNA1C, RAC1
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved2BPTF, SETD1A
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug2RNASE1, PPT1
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug4KMT2E, SCAF4, TNRC6B, EIF3F

Undrugged target profiles

6 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
KMT2E1SETD1A
RNASE117
SCAF40
TNRC6B0
EIF3F4
PPT15

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.