Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities

Summary

Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities (MONDO:0859243) is a disease caused by GNAI1 (GenCC Strong), with 1 cohort gene.

At a glance

• Causal gene: GNAI1 (GenCC Strong)
• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 31

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities
Mondo ID	MONDO:0859243
OMIM	619854
UMLS	C5676975
MedGen	1812577
GARD	0027310
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Data availability: 31 ClinVar variants · 4 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary disease › hereditary neurological disease › Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorder › neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities

Related subtypes (275): microcephaly and chorioretinopathy, microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability, autosomal dominant primary microcephaly, Prader-Willi syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 3, CK syndrome, orofaciodigital syndrome I, Rett syndrome, Wieacker-Wolff syndrome, Amish lethal microcephaly, cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 2, Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome 2, developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability, complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5, AHDC1-related intellectual disability - obstructive sleep apnea - mild dysmorphism syndrome, intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 29, Au-Kline syndrome, cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation;, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart, cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 3, Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome, Harel-Yoon syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, seizures, and absent language, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autistic features and/or structural brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, microcephaly, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and cerebellar atrophy, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder and structural brain anomalies with or without seizures and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, hypotonia, and brain imaging abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, sleep disturbance, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with cardiomyopathy, spasticity, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without early-onset generalized epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autism or seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and variable facial dysmorphism, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and variable seizures, squalene synthase deficiency, intellectual developmental disorder and retinitis pigmentosa; IDDRP, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and ataxia, Houge-Janssens syndrome 3, neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and hypomyelination, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired speech and hyperkinetic movements, developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable brain abnormalities; NEDBA, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and speech and walking impairment, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and structural brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and nonepileptic hyperkinetic movements, neurodevelopmental disorder with coarse facies and mild distal skeletal abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxia, hypotonia, and microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorder with cataracts, poor growth, and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar hypoplasia and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and variable intellectual and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, arthrogryposis, and structural brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic quadriplegia, optic atrophy, seizures, and structural brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal skeletal anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with absent language and variable seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with nonspecific brain abnormalities and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral abnormalities, absent speech, and hypotonia, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cortical malformations, and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with brain anomalies and with or without vertebral or cardiac anomalies, Poirier-Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, spasticity, and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and autistic features with or without hyperkinetic movements, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, neonatal respiratory insufficiency, and thermodysregulation, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with relative macrocephaly and with or without cardiac or endocrine anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, impaired speech, and hypotonia, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech impairment and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with alopecia and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and brain atrophy, Delpire-McNeill syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, cataracts, feeding difficulties, and delayed brain myelination, developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities, Stankiewicz-Isidor syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with midbrain and hindbrain malformations, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, neuropathy, and deafness, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies, encephalopathy, neonatal severe, with lactic acidosis and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, ataxia, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder, mitochondrial, with abnormal movements and lactic acidosis, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and cortical atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with severe motor impairment and absent language, neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxic gait, absent speech, and decreased cortical white matter, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizures and gait abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor language and loss of hand skills, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cataracts, and renal abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic quadriplegia and brain abnormalities with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and poor growth, neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, FOXG1 disorder, genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder, PPP2R1A-related intellectual disability, intellectual disability, autosomal dominant, CACNA1A-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder, X-linked intellectual disability, PAX5-related B lymphopenia and autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities, KCNH1 associated disorder, AFG2B-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder with motor features and hearing loss, intellectual disability, autosomal recessive, FAT4-related neurodevelopmental disorder, SOX11-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder with or without congenital anomalies, microcephaly with lissencephaly and/or hydranencephaly, MYH10-related neurodevelopmental disorder with congenital anomalies, CNOT9-related developmental disorder with seizures, HMGB1-related brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia syndrome, ATXN7L3-related developmental delay, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism, DIP2C-related developmental disorder with speech delay, EPB41L3-related developmental disorder with delayed myelination and seizures, GABRA4-related neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, GABRD-related neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, KCNK3-related developmental delay with sleep apnea, RFX3-related neurodevelopmental disorder with autism and other behavioural abnormalities, RFX4-related neurodevelopmental disorder with autism and other behavioural abnormalities, KDM2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, TRA2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, WDR5-related neurodevelopmental disorder, ARF3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, CBX1-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DDX17-related neurodevelopmental disorder, FEZF2-related neurodevelopmental disorder, HDAC3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DEAF1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder, SYNCRIP-related neurodevelopmental disorder, HNRNPC-related neurodevelopmental disorder, NACC1-related neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy, cataracts and episodic irritability, SETD2-related neurodevelopmental disorder without or with macrocephaly/overgrowth, neurodevelopmental disorder with gait disturbance, dysmorphic facies, and behavioral abnormalities, X-linked, Alzahrani-Kuwahara syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, cataracts, and cerebellar hypoplasia, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and cerebellar hypoplasia, Hiatt-Neu-Cooper neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorder with infantile epileptic spasms, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and speech delay and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and thin corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language and ataxia and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and gross motor and speech delay, neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia, neurodevelopmental disorder, nonprogressive, with spasticity and transient opisthotonus, Marbach-Schaaf neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, Brunet-Wagner neurodevelopmental syndrome, Ferguson-Bonni neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable movement or behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with central hypotonia and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities, Chilton-Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome, parenti-mignot neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, nystagmus, and seizures, Dentici-Novelli neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth and skeletal anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia and seizures, Dworschak-Punetha neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with severe motor impairment, absent language, cerebral hypomyelination, and brain atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay and variable ocular anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular anomalies, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, seizures, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, movement abnormalities, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, microcephaly, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, short stature, and speech delay, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, language delay, and skeletal defects with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment, neurodevelopmental disorder with short stature, prominent forehead, and feeding difficulties, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and skeletal and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with facial dysmorphism, absent language, and pseudo-pelger-huet anomaly, neurodevelopmental disorder with craniofacial dysmorphism and skeletal defects, neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia, neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech impairment and with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skin abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth, large ears, and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and ischiopubic hypoplasia, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skeletal anomalies, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, spasticity, and complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental disorder with absent speech and movement and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and behavioral abnormalities, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and speech delay, with or without brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor and language delay, ocular defects, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and movement abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and speech delay, with or without seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies, neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and variable cognitive abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor regression, progressive spastic paraplegia, and oromotor dysfunction, Hao-Fountain syndrome due to USP7 mutation, neurodevelopmental disorder with motor abnormalities, seizures, and facial dysmorphism, neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and characteristic brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with early-onset parkinsonism and behavioral abnormalities, Jeffries-Lakhani neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, autism, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder plus optic atrophy, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive movement abnormalities, aplasia cutis-enamel dysplasia syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and seizures, El Hayek-Chahrour neurodevelopmental disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, brain anomalies, distinctive facies, and absent language, otofacial neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristic facial and ectodermal features and tetraparesis 1, Kariminejad neurodevelopmental syndrome, Karayol-Borroto-Haghshenas neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, absent speech and ambulation, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with variable familial hypercholanemia, intellectual developmental disorder with polymicrogyria and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech or visual impairment and brain hypomyelination, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, absent speech, and hypotonia, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, poor growth, dysmorphic facies, and agammaglobulinemia, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with thin corpus callosum, hypotonia, and absent language, neurodevelopmental disorder with white matter abnormalities and gait disturbance, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth, seizures, and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with poor or absent speech, dysmorphic facies, and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxia and brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, brain anomalies, and seizures, Li-Takada-Miyake syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral, ear, and skeletal abnormalities, Nil-Deshwar neurodevelopmental syndrome, Popov-Chang syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with achalasia, polyneuropathy, and alacrima, Dursun-Ozgul neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with growth impairment, quadriparesis, and poor or absent speech, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay and behavioral abnormalities, Harel-Tora neurodevelopmental syndrome, neurocardiorenal malformation syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral abnormalities and childhood-onset spastic paraplegia, neurodevelopmental disorder with early-onset seizures, facial dysmorphism, and behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, Ramond-Elliott neurodevelopmental syndrome, microcephaly, progressive, with simplified gyral pattern and cerebellar hypoplasia, neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, epilepsy, and absent speech, neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay, movement abnormalities, and seizures, neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, thin corpus callosum, and decreased brain white matter, neurodevelopmental disorder with congenital cardiac defects and variable renal and ocular abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, hypotonia, and variable spasticity, PIP5K1C-related neurodevelopmental disorder, KCND2-related neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizures, PRPF19-related neurodevelopmental disorder, CTR9-related neurodevelopmental disorder, CAMK2D-related neurodevelopmental disorder and dilated cardiomyopathy, PPFIA3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, dyneinopathy, MYCBP2-related developmental delay with corpus callosum defects, GRIN-related complex neurodevelopmental disorder, RNU5B-1 related neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and joint laxity, TSEN2-related neurodevelopmental disorder with or without thrombotic microangiopathy

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

31 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

11 uncertain significance, 9 likely pathogenic, 5 pathogenic, 3 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 2 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 1 not provided

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
1203197	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.671G>A (p.Cys224Tyr)	GNAI1	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1335674	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.814G>A (p.Asp272Asn)	GNAI1	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1339601	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.518A>T (p.Asp173Val)	GNAI1	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1686915	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.995T>A (p.Val332Glu)	GNAI1	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
1686919	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.809A>G (p.Lys270Arg)	GNAI1	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1686920	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.815A>G (p.Asp272Gly)	GNAI1	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
4819026	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.143C>T (p.Thr48Ile)	GNAI1	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
873455	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.143C>A (p.Thr48Lys)	GNAI1	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1685334	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.118G>T (p.Gly40Cys)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
2431632	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.611A>G (p.Gln204Arg)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
2498283	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.134G>A (p.Gly45Asp)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3065594	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.170A>G (p.His57Arg)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
3362733	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.130T>G (p.Ser44Ala)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
3375466	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.670T>C (p.Cys224Arg)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
3775504	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.142A>G (p.Thr48Ala)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
4293365	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.814G>C (p.Asp272His)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
4818886	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.995T>G (p.Val332Gly)	GNAI1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
2578540	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.362C>T (p.Ala121Val)	GNAI1	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
4074998	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.815A>C (p.Asp272Ala)	GNAI1	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
1712287	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.493C>G (p.Pro165Ala)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2432197	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.1059_1063del (p.Phe354fs)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
2441826	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.808A>C (p.Lys270Gln)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
2579143	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.364G>A (p.Glu122Lys)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
2691889	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.500A>G (p.Tyr167Cys)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
3066126	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.462-10T>G	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
3359147	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.430C>T (p.Arg144Ter)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
3731465	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.302C>T (p.Ala101Val)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
3776145	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.1019C>G (p.Thr340Arg)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
4293171	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.1004T>C (p.Val335Ala)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
4683132	NM_002069.6(GNAI1):c.313C>T (p.Arg105Cys)	GNAI1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 5 · Orphanet: 0 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

Gene	Classification	Inheritance	Disease	Records
GNAI1	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	complex neurodevelopmental disorder	5

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
GNAI1	HGNC:4384	ENSG00000127955	P63096	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1	gencc,clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
GNAI1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1	Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Other/Unknown	1	1.8×	0.558

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
GNAI1	Other/Unknown	no		Gprotein_alpha_su, Gprotein_alpha_I, GproteinA_insert

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
corpus callosum	1
cortical plate	1
inferior vagus X ganglion	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
GNAI1	281	ubiquitous	marker	corpus callosum, cortical plate, inferior vagus X ganglion

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
GNAI1	533

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
GNAI1	P63096	640

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 10. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway	1	761.3×	0.007	GNAI1
ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12	1	496.5×	0.007	GNAI1
Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion	1	393.8×	0.007	GNAI1
ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production	1	253.8×	0.007	GNAI1
GPER1 signaling	1	248.3×	0.007	GNAI1
G alpha (z) signalling events	1	233.1×	0.007	GNAI1
Regulation of insulin secretion	1	219.6×	0.007	GNAI1
Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling	1	170.4×	0.007	GNAI1
G alpha (s) signalling events	1	73.2×	0.015	GNAI1
G alpha (i) signalling events	1	39.0×	0.026	GNAI1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle	1	8426.0×	0.002	GNAI1
positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex	1	3370.4×	0.002	GNAI1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway	1	1685.2×	0.002	GNAI1
response to prostaglandin E	1	1404.3×	0.002	GNAI1
T cell migration	1	1404.3×	0.002	GNAI1
positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process	1	1123.5×	0.002	GNAI1
cellular response to forskolin	1	1123.5×	0.002	GNAI1
regulation of mitotic spindle organization	1	842.6×	0.003	GNAI1
negative regulation of insulin secretion	1	495.6×	0.004	GNAI1
response to peptide hormone	1	391.9×	0.004	GNAI1
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1	337.0×	0.004	GNAI1
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	1	324.1×	0.004	GNAI1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1	218.9×	0.006	GNAI1
neuropeptide signaling pathway	1	172.0×	0.007	GNAI1
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1	113.1×	0.010	GNAI1
cell division	1	46.2×	0.023	GNAI1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1	36.2×	0.028	GNAI1

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 0

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
GNAI1	PSEUDOEPHEDRINE

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
GNAI1	7	4

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE	4	GNAI1
NOMIFENSINE	4	GNAI1
DIPYRIDAMOLE	4	GNAI1
SEPIAPTERIN	3	GNAI1
EBSELEN	3	GNAI1
METERGOLINE	2	GNAI1
SANGUINARIUM	2	GNAI1

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
GNAI1	23	Functional:14, Binding:9

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

7 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE	4	GNAI1
NOMIFENSINE	4	GNAI1
DIPYRIDAMOLE	4	GNAI1
SEPIAPTERIN	3	GNAI1
EBSELEN	3	GNAI1
METERGOLINE	2	GNAI1
SANGUINARIUM	2	GNAI1

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	GNAI1
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	0

Undrugged target profiles

0 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.