Neurotic disorder
diseaseOn this page
Also known as depressive neurosisdisorder, neuroticdisorders, neuroticneurosesneurosisneurotic depressionneurotic depression reactive typeneurotic depressive statePsychoneurosespsychoneurosis NOSreactive depression
Summary
Neurotic disorder (MONDO:0005379) is a disease with 7 cohort genes (72 GWAS associations across 10 studies) and 6 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include lamotrigine.
At a glance
- Cohort genes: 7
- GWAS associations: 72
- Clinical trials: 6
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | neurotic disorder |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0005379 |
| EFO | EFO:0004257 |
| MeSH | D009497 |
| DOID | DOID:4964 |
| NCIT | C34848 |
| SNOMED CT | 111475002 |
| UMLS | C0027932 |
| MedGen | 10334 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: depressive neurosis · disorder, neurotic · disorders, neurotic · neuroses · neurosis · neurotic depression · neurotic depression reactive type · neurotic depressive state · neurotic disorder · Psychoneuroses · psychoneurosis NOS · reactive depression
Data availability: 72 GWAS associations (10 studies).
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 1 Mondo subtype.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by developmental or physiological process › psychiatric disorder › mental disorder › anxiety disorder › neurotic disorder
Related subtypes (9): separation anxiety disorder, neurocirculatory asthenia, generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorder, acute stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
Subtypes (1): post-traumatic stress disorder
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
72 GWAS associations across 10 studies. Top hits map to 37 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs62062288 | 7e-22 | MAPT | A | 0.02 |
| rs2921036 | 3e-20 | LINC02950 - RN7SL178P | T | 0.02 |
| rs11250117 | 3e-19 | XKR6 | A | 0.02 |
| rs11665070 | 3e-16 | CELF4 - MIR4318 | G | 0.02 |
| rs35738585 | 4e-16 | DRD2 - TMPRSS5 | G | 0.02 |
| rs477860 | 6e-14 | MIR124-1HG - MSRA-DT | T | 0.01 |
| rs10144845 | 4e-13 | YLPM1 | C | 0.01 |
| rs2269426 | 3e-12 | TNXB | A | 0.01 |
| rs7107356 | 5e-12 | MTCH2 - AGBL2 | A | 0.01 |
| rs2042555 | 5e-12 | RNA5SP106 - ACVR2A | A | 0.01 |
| rs11090045 | 1e-11 | ZC3H7B | A | 0.01 |
| rs10896636 | 3e-11 | ZDHHC5 | G | 0.01 |
| rs2071754 | 4e-11 | PAX6 | C | 0.01 |
| rs4140799 | 4e-11 | SIPA1L1 | G | 0.01 |
| rs13226841 | 6e-11 | GRM8 | C | 0.01 |
| rs7845515 | 7e-11 | CSMD1 - SNORA70 | A | 0.01 |
| rs4413518 | 1e-10 | FBXL17 - LINC01023 | A | 0.01 |
| rs56084168 | 1e-10 | BAIAP2, AATK | T | 0.01 |
| rs11509880 | 2e-10 | TMEM106B | A | 0.01 |
| rs1542212 | 4e-10 | ARPP21 | G | 0.01 |
| rs3741475 | 4e-10 | NOS1 | A | 0.01 |
| rs56403421 | 4e-10 | CCDC68 - LINC01929 | C | 0.01 |
| rs2278609 | 6e-10 | PLCL2 | C | 0.01 |
| rs11608355 | 7e-10 | MYO1H | C | 0.01 |
| rs1002656 | 8e-10 | FTLP18 - GRIK3 | C | 0.01 |
| rs10935184 | 1e-09 | STAG1 | C | 0.01 |
| rs2210903 | 1e-09 | ZDHHC20P4 - SNRPFP3 | G | 0.01 |
| rs12903563 | 1e-09 | LINGO1 | T | 0.01 |
| rs274632 | 2e-09 | SOCS5P1 - GRM3 | A | 0.01 |
| rs28377268 | 2e-09 | PTCH1 | T | 0.01 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST001771 | Aragam N | 2012 | 2,748 | 0 | TMPRSS9 and GRIN2B are associated with neuroticism: a genome-wide association study in a European sample. |
| GCST90473283 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 1,100 | 457,340 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST000063 | Shifman S | 2007 | 1,038 | 1,016 | A whole genome association study of neuroticism using DNA pooling. |
| GCST90246060 | Walters RG | 2023 | 152 | 75,748 | Genotyping and population characteristics of the China Kadoorie Biobank. |
| GCST90726774 | Kim HI | 2026 | 127 | 43,899 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity. |
| GCST010017 | Cai N | 2020 | 0 | 0 | Minimal phenotyping yields genome-wide association signals of low specificity for major depression. |
| GCST90029028 | Loh PR | 2018 | 0 | 0 | Mixed-model association for biobank-scale datasets. |
| GCST000724 | Calboli FC | 2010 | 0 | 0 | A genome-wide association study of neuroticism in a population-based sample. |
| GCST004569 | Calboli FC | 2010 | 0 | 0 | A genome-wide association study of neuroticism in a population-based sample. |
| GCST000226 | van den Oord EJ | 2008 | 0 | 0 | Genomewide association analysis followed by a replication study implicates a novel candidate gene for neuroticism. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 1 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 49 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 50 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 36 |
| intergenic_variant | 12 |
| 3_prime_UTR_variant | 1 |
| synonymous_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs62062288 | 17 | 46019187 | G>A | 0.218 | intron_variant | MAPT | 7e-22 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2921036 | 8 | 8506387 | T>C | 0.49 | intergenic_variant | LINC02950 - RN7SL178P | 3e-20 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11250117 | 8 | 11115230 | C>A,G | 0.467 | intron_variant | XKR6 | 3e-19 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11665070 | 18 | 37572600 | G>A | 0.331 | intron_variant | CELF4 - MIR4318 | 3e-16 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs35738585 | 11 | 113515625 | T>G | 0.433 | intergenic_variant | DRD2 - TMPRSS5 | 4e-16 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs477860 | 8 | 9954255 | T>A,C | 0.297 | intron_variant | MIR124-1HG - MSRA-DT | 6e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10144845 | 14 | 74771067 | C>G,T | 0.317 | intron_variant | YLPM1 | 4e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2269426 | 6 | 32108722 | G>A,C,T | 0.359 | intron_variant | TNXB | 3e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs7107356 | 11 | 47654618 | A>G,T | 0.494 | intergenic_variant | MTCH2 - AGBL2 | 5e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2042555 | 2 | 147797920 | G>A,T | 0.418 | intergenic_variant | RNA5SP106 - ACVR2A | 5e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11090045 | 22 | 41357599 | G>A,C | 0.303 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | ZC3H7B | 1e-11 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs10896636 | 11 | 57680560 | C>G | 0.345 | intron_variant | ZDHHC5 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2071754 | 11 | 31791034 | C>G,T | 0.201 | intron_variant | PAX6 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs4140799 | 14 | 71704252 | G>A | 0.47 | intron_variant | SIPA1L1 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs13226841 | 7 | 126749354 | T>A,C,G | 0.49 | intron_variant | GRM8 | 6e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs7845515 | 8 | 5088706 | G>A,C | 0.287 | intergenic_variant | CSMD1 - SNORA70 | 7e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs4413518 | 5 | 108402300 | G>A,C | 0.219 | intron_variant | FBXL17 - LINC01023 | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs56084168 | 17 | 81110774 | C>A,T | 0.148 | intron_variant | BAIAP2, AATK | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11509880 | 7 | 12222285 | G>A,C,T | 0.328 | intron_variant | TMEM106B | 2e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1542212 | 3 | 35642443 | T>C,G | 0.392 | intron_variant | ARPP21 | 4e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs3741475 | 12 | 117232109 | G>A,C | 0.194 | synonymous_variant | NOS1 | 4e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs56403421 | 18 | 55098052 | A>C,T | 0.331 | intron_variant | CCDC68 - LINC01929 | 4e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2278609 | 3 | 16882947 | C>A,G,T | 0.216 | intron_variant | PLCL2 | 6e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11608355 | 12 | 109441487 | T>C | 0.313 | intron_variant | MYO1H | 7e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1002656 | 1 | 36727140 | C>T | 0.29 | intergenic_variant | FTLP18 - GRIK3 | 8e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10935184 | 3 | 136434626 | T>C,G | 0.409 | intron_variant | STAG1 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2210903 | 13 | 69002843 | G>A,C,T | 0.369 | intergenic_variant | ZDHHC20P4 - SNRPFP3 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs12903563 | 15 | 77741393 | T>C | 0.48 | intergenic_variant | LINGO1 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs274632 | 7 | 86639865 | C>A | 0.423 | intergenic_variant | SOCS5P1 - GRM3 | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs28377268 | 9 | 95462774 | G>A,C,T | 0.107 | intron_variant | PTCH1 | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 3 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| GPC6 | Orphanet:93329 | Autosomal recessive omodysplasia |
| PDE4D | Orphanet:439822 | PDE4D haploinsufficiency syndrome |
| PDE4D | Orphanet:950 | Acrodysostosis |
Cohort genes → proteins
7 cohort genes, 7 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| gwas_only | 7 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NKAIN2 | HGNC:16443 | ENSG00000188580 | Q5VXU1 | Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1-interacting protein 2 | gwas |
| MDGA2 | HGNC:19835 | ENSG00000139915 | Q7Z553 | MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 2 | gwas |
| NXPH1 | HGNC:20693 | ENSG00000122584 | P58417 | Neurexophilin-1 | gwas |
| ARRDC4 | HGNC:28087 | ENSG00000140450 | Q8NCT1 | Arrestin domain-containing protein 4 | gwas |
| TMPRSS9 | HGNC:30079 | ENSG00000178297 | Q7Z410 | Transmembrane protease serine 9 | gwas |
| GPC6 | HGNC:4454 | ENSG00000183098 | Q9Y625 | Glypican-6 | gwas |
| PDE4D | HGNC:8783 | ENSG00000113448 | Q08499 | 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4D | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| MDGA2 | MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 2 | May be involved in cell-cell interactions. |
| NXPH1 | Neurexophilin-1 | May be signaling molecules that resemble neuropeptides and that act by binding to alpha-neurexins and possibly other receptors. |
| ARRDC4 | Arrestin domain-containing protein 4 | Functions as an adapter recruiting ubiquitin-protein ligases to their specific substrates. |
| TMPRSS9 | Transmembrane protease serine 9 | Serase-1 and serase-2 are serine proteases that hydrolyze the peptides N-t-Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC and N-t-Boc-Gln-Gly-Arg-AMC. |
| GPC6 | Glypican-6 | Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. |
| PDE4D | 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4D | Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 3 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 4 · Druggable fraction: 0.43
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protease | 1 | 5.2× | 0.433 |
| Antibody/Immunoglobulin | 1 | 4.2× | 0.433 |
| Enzyme (other) | 1 | 1.7× | 0.609 |
| Other/Unknown | 4 | 1.0× | 0.626 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NKAIN2 | Other/Unknown | no | Na/K-Atpase_Interacting | |
| MDGA2 | Antibody/Immunoglobulin | yes | MAM_dom, Ig_sub2, Ig_sub | |
| NXPH1 | Other/Unknown | no | Nxph, NXPH/NXPE | |
| ARRDC4 | Other/Unknown | no | Arrestin-like_N, Arrestin-like_C, Arrestin-like_C_sf | |
| TMPRSS9 | Protease | yes | Trypsin_dom, Peptidase_S1A, LDrepeatLR_classA_rpt | |
| GPC6 | Other/Unknown | no | Glypican, Glypican_CS | |
| PDE4D | Enzyme (other) | yes | 3.1.4.53 | PDEase_catalytic_dom, PDEase, PDEase_CS |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
7 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 7 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| C1 segment of cervical spinal cord | 1 |
| corpus callosum | 1 |
| spinal cord | 1 |
| cortical plate | 1 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 1 |
| primordial germ cell in gonad | 1 |
| endothelial cell | 1 |
| right adrenal gland | 1 |
| right adrenal gland cortex | 1 |
| skin of hip | 1 |
| upper arm skin | 1 |
| upper leg skin | 1 |
| liver | 1 |
| right lobe of liver | 1 |
| right testis | 1 |
| cartilage tissue | 1 |
| tibia | 1 |
| vena cava | 1 |
| biceps brachii | 1 |
| gluteal muscle | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NKAIN2 | 178 | broad | marker | C1 segment of cervical spinal cord, spinal cord, corpus callosum |
| MDGA2 | 85 | broad | marker | cortical plate, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad |
| NXPH1 | 95 | tissue_specific | marker | right adrenal gland cortex, endothelial cell, right adrenal gland |
| ARRDC4 | 255 | ubiquitous | marker | upper leg skin, upper arm skin, skin of hip |
| TMPRSS9 | 128 | tissue_specific | marker | right lobe of liver, liver, right testis |
| GPC6 | 217 | ubiquitous | marker | cartilage tissue, tibia, vena cava |
| PDE4D | 283 | ubiquitous | marker | gluteal muscle, biceps brachii, skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 1.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| NXPH1 | 1,931 |
| PDE4D | 1,533 |
| MDGA2 | 1,351 |
| NKAIN2 | 1,271 |
| GPC6 | 1,237 |
| ARRDC4 | 877 |
| TMPRSS9 | 509 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| MDGA2 | PDE4D | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 6 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| PDE4D | Q08499 | 122 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| MDGA2 | Q7Z553 | 84.96 |
| GPC6 | Q9Y625 | 82.67 |
| ARRDC4 | Q8NCT1 | 80.38 |
| NKAIN2 | Q5VXU1 | 76.15 |
| TMPRSS9 | Q7Z410 | 74.96 |
| NXPH1 | P58417 | 67.14 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 22. Enrichment computed across 7 evidence-associated genes (3 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Defective EXT2 causes exostoses 2 | 1 | 271.9× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Defective EXT1 causes exostoses 1, TRPS2 and CHDS | 1 | 271.9× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Attachment and Entry | 1 | 200.3× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Defective B4GALT7 causes EDS, progeroid type | 1 | 190.3× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Defective B3GAT3 causes JDSSDHD | 1 | 190.3× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Defective B3GALT6 causes EDSP2 and SEMDJL1 | 1 | 190.3× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| HS-GAG degradation | 1 | 165.5× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and entry | 1 | 165.5× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| DARPP-32 events | 1 | 158.6× | 0.014 | PDE4D |
| Initiation of coagulation cascade | 1 | 158.6× | 0.014 | GPC6 |
| Glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region biosynthesis | 1 | 131.3× | 0.015 | GPC6 |
| Turbulent (oscillatory, disturbed) flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and integrins in endothelial cells | 1 | 119.0× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| HS-GAG biosynthesis | 1 | 115.3× | 0.015 | GPC6 |
| Dengue Virus Attachment and Entry | 1 | 86.5× | 0.018 | GPC6 |
| Retinoid metabolism and transport | 1 | 82.8× | 0.018 | GPC6 |
| Regulation of clotting cascade | 1 | 77.7× | 0.018 | GPC6 |
| Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins | 1 | 56.0× | 0.023 | MDGA2 |
| RSV-host interactions | 1 | 52.1× | 0.023 | GPC6 |
| G alpha (s) signalling events | 1 | 24.4× | 0.047 | PDE4D |
| Dengue Virus-Host Interactions | 1 | 15.2× | 0.071 | GPC6 |
| Post-translational protein modification | 1 | 6.4× | 0.155 | MDGA2 |
| Metabolism of proteins | 1 | 4.1× | 0.223 | MDGA2 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 7 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| extracellular vesicle biogenesis | 1 | 1203.7× | 0.014 | ARRDC4 |
| negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle | 1 | 1203.7× | 0.014 | PDE4D |
| negative regulation of heart contraction | 1 | 601.9× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | 1 | 300.9× | 0.015 | ARRDC4 |
| cAMP catabolic process | 1 | 267.5× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 267.5× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | 1 | 267.5× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 240.7× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel | 1 | 240.7× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| positive regulation of interleukin-5 production | 1 | 200.6× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| plasminogen activation | 1 | 185.2× | 0.015 | TMPRSS9 |
| cellular response to epinephrine stimulus | 1 | 185.2× | 0.015 | PDE4D |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction | 1 | 160.5× | 0.016 | PDE4D |
| regulation of sodium ion transport | 1 | 133.8× | 0.016 | NKAIN2 |
| spinal cord motor neuron differentiation | 1 | 133.8× | 0.016 | MDGA2 |
| regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane | 1 | 126.7× | 0.016 | GPC6 |
| establishment of endothelial barrier | 1 | 109.4× | 0.018 | PDE4D |
| positive regulation of heart rate | 1 | 100.3× | 0.018 | PDE4D |
| regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum | 1 | 96.3× | 0.018 | PDE4D |
| negative regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction | 1 | 86.0× | 0.019 | PDE4D |
| regulation of heart rate | 1 | 66.9× | 0.022 | PDE4D |
| positive regulation of interleukin-2 production | 1 | 66.9× | 0.022 | PDE4D |
| positive regulation of interferon-beta production | 1 | 56.0× | 0.025 | ARRDC4 |
| cellular response to cAMP | 1 | 41.5× | 0.033 | PDE4D |
| regulation of signal transduction | 1 | 38.2× | 0.033 | GPC6 |
| protein K63-linked ubiquitination | 1 | 38.2× | 0.033 | ARRDC4 |
| positive regulation of type II interferon production | 1 | 32.1× | 0.038 | PDE4D |
| modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | 1 | 26.2× | 0.044 | NXPH1 |
| T cell receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 21.7× | 0.051 | PDE4D |
| cell migration | 1 | 8.8× | 0.119 | GPC6 |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
0 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Pregabalin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 6
Druggability breadth: 1 of 7 evidence-associated genes (14%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| PDE4D | INAMRINONE |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| PDE4D | 269 | 4 |
| NKAIN2 | 0 | 0 |
| MDGA2 | 0 | 0 |
| NXPH1 | 0 | 0 |
| ARRDC4 | 0 | 0 |
| TMPRSS9 | 0 | 0 |
| GPC6 | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| INAMRINONE | 4 | PDE4D |
| THEOPHYLLINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| VARDENAFIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| MILRINONE | 4 | PDE4D |
| LOSARTAN | 4 | PDE4D |
| SILDENAFIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| ROFLUMILAST | 4 | PDE4D |
| ENOXIMONE | 4 | PDE4D |
| ENSIFENTRINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| CRISABOROLE | 4 | PDE4D |
| APREMILAST | 4 | PDE4D |
| PENTOXIFYLLINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| TADALAFIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| DIPYRIDAMOLE | 4 | PDE4D |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| TELMISARTAN | 4 | PDE4D |
| SIMVASTATIN | 4 | PDE4D |
| MORICIZINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| AMLEXANOX | 4 | PDE4D |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| PONATINIB | 4 | PDE4D |
| RUCAPARIB | 4 | PDE4D |
| CELECOXIB | 4 | PDE4D |
| VILANTEROL | 4 | PDE4D |
| TIOCONAZOLE | 4 | PDE4D |
| UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL | 4 | PDE4D |
| OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| HYDROXYPROGESTERONE CAPROATE | 4 | PDE4D |
| NORGESTIMATE | 4 | PDE4D |
| THIOTHIXENE | 4 | PDE4D |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| PDE4D | 863 | Binding:805, Functional:33, ADMET:23, Toxicity:2 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| PDE4D | 3.1.4.53 | 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| PDE4D | 863 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 7; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| INAMRINONE | 4 | PDE4D |
| THEOPHYLLINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| VARDENAFIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| MILRINONE | 4 | PDE4D |
| LOSARTAN | 4 | PDE4D |
| SILDENAFIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| ROFLUMILAST | 4 | PDE4D |
| ENOXIMONE | 4 | PDE4D |
| ENSIFENTRINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| CRISABOROLE | 4 | PDE4D |
| APREMILAST | 4 | PDE4D |
| PENTOXIFYLLINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| TADALAFIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| DIPYRIDAMOLE | 4 | PDE4D |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| TELMISARTAN | 4 | PDE4D |
| SIMVASTATIN | 4 | PDE4D |
| MORICIZINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| AMLEXANOX | 4 | PDE4D |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | PDE4D |
| PONATINIB | 4 | PDE4D |
| RUCAPARIB | 4 | PDE4D |
| CELECOXIB | 4 | PDE4D |
| VILANTEROL | 4 | PDE4D |
| TIOCONAZOLE | 4 | PDE4D |
| UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL | 4 | PDE4D |
| OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL | 4 | PDE4D |
| HYDROXYPROGESTERONE CAPROATE | 4 | PDE4D |
| NORGESTIMATE | 4 | PDE4D |
| THIOTHIXENE | 4 | PDE4D |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 1 | PDE4D |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 2 | MDGA2, TMPRSS9 |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 4 | NKAIN2, NXPH1, ARRDC4, GPC6 |
Undrugged target profiles
6 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| MDGA2 | 0 | PDE4D |
| NKAIN2 | 0 | — |
| NXPH1 | 0 | — |
| ARRDC4 | 0 | — |
| TMPRSS9 | 0 | — |
| GPC6 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 6.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 5 |
| PHASE2 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00269594 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | An Open-Label Study Of Lamictal In Neurotic Excoriation |
| NCT07017543 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Dynamics of Psychotherapy and Treatment Outcomes |
| NCT02257996 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Effectiveness of Online Systematic Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Neurotic Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial |
| NCT02308462 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Implementation and Evaluation of a Family-based Intervention Program for Children of Mentally Ill Parents |
| NCT02721316 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Outpatient Nurse Monitoring Under the Prevention of Recurrent Suicidal |
| NCT03904784 | Not specified | TERMINATED | School Withdrawal in Adolescents |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| LAMOTRIGINE | 4 | 1 |