Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
diseaseOn this page
Also known as OPLLossification of Posterior longitudinal ligamentossification of the POSTERIOR longitudinal ligament of spine
Summary
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (MONDO:0011230) is a disease with 11 cohort genes (34 GWAS associations across 4 studies) and 9 clinical trials.
At a glance
- Cohort genes: 11
- GWAS associations: 34
- Clinical trials: 9
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0011230 |
| EFO | EFO:0005895 |
| MeSH | C537143 |
| OMIM | 602475 |
| DOID | DOID:0060887 |
| NCIT | C84975 |
| SNOMED CT | 90448008 |
| UMLS | C1865343 |
| MedGen | 355447 |
| GARD | 0027799 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: OPLL · ossification of Posterior longitudinal ligament · ossification of the POSTERIOR longitudinal ligament of spine
Data availability: 34 GWAS associations (4 studies) · 6 cell lines.
Disease family
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › musculoskeletal system disorder › skeletal system disorder › ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
Related subtypes (47): symphalangism, cartilage cancer, vertebral column disorder, patellar tendinitis, necrosis of ear ossicle, laryngeal cartilage cancer, ochronosis disorder, chondroma, periodontal disorder, posterior cranial fossa meningioma, anterior cranial fossa meningioma, middle cranial fossa meningioma, bone marrow disorder, cranial nodular fasciitis, flatfoot, bone disorder, skeletal tuberculosis, arthropathy, tooth disorder, primary basilar invagination, Brachymorphism-onychodysplasia-dysphalangism syndrome, cherubism, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Marfan syndrome, Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, scalp defects-postaxial polydactyly syndrome, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, Teebi-Shaltout syndrome, short stature-auditory canal atresia-mandibular hypoplasia-skeletal anomalies syndrome, temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome, metaphyseal undermodeling, spondylar dysplasia, and overgrowth, Al-Gazali syndrome, brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome, endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndrome, metaphyseal chondromatosis with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3, Rienhoff syndrome, Coffin-Siris syndrome, microcephaly-brachydactyly-kyphoscoliosis syndrome, cartilage development disorder, syndactyly, polydactyly, brachydactyly, sternal neoplasm, short stature, amelogenesis imperfecta, and skeletal dysplasia with scoliosis, skeletal ligament disorder, brachydactyly-syndactyly-oligodactyly syndrome
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
34 GWAS associations across 4 studies. Top hits map to 12 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs374810 | 1e-15 | RSPO2 - AURKBP1 | ? | 0.75 |
| rs6140442 | 3e-14 | SRSF10P2 - HSPBAP1P1 | ? | 1.39 |
| rs2423294 | 1e-13 | SRSF10P2 - HSPBAP1P1 | T | 1.41 |
| rs11049529 | 1e-13 | CCDC91 | ? | 0.77 |
| rs35281060 | 1e-12 | RNU1-146P - TCP1P3 | ? | 0.79 |
| rs10841442 | 1e-12 | TCP1P3 - LINC02468 | ? | 0.78 |
| rs1979679 | 4e-12 | CCDC91 | T | 1.3 |
| rs149869712 | 2e-11 | CAPZA1P1 - CPXCR1 | ? | 3.48 |
| rs11045000 | 3e-11 | TCP1P3 - LINC02468 | A | 1.28 |
| rs13279799 | 1e-10 | LINC00536 - EIF3H | G | 1.28 |
| rs1898287 | 2e-10 | LINC00536 - EIF3H | ? | 0.8 |
| rs1038666 | 5e-10 | CCDC91 - FAR2 | ? | 0.81 |
| rs35505248 | 7e-10 | TMEM135 | ? | 0.81 |
| rs927485 | 2e-09 | CDC5L - SUPT3H | ? | 0.76 |
| rs4665972 | 7e-09 | SNX17 | ? | 1.23 |
| rs191235032 | 7e-09 | MSR1 | ? | 3.5 |
| rs10770607 | 8e-09 | TCP1P3 - LINC02468 | ? | 0.74 |
| rs376989376 | 1e-08 | WWP2 | ? | 0.79 |
| rs570441876 | 1e-08 | KAZN | ? | 6.9 |
| rs17253481 | 1e-08 | NAB1P1 - Metazoa_SRP | ? | 2.62 |
| rs58255598 | 2e-08 | LINC03033 - HIF1A | ? | 0.81 |
| rs189646742 | 2e-08 | AGBL1 - RNU6-185P | ? | 2.03 |
| rs201971301 | 2e-08 | RN7SL547P - SRSF10P2 | ? | 1.43 |
| rs74707424 | 2e-08 | ZBTB40 | ? | 2.88 |
| rs569120301 | 2e-08 | RPL12P42 - CACNA1A | ? | 1.96 |
| rs11157733 | 3e-08 | L2HGDH | ? | 1.21 |
| rs182641792 | 3e-08 | RPL29P19 - LINC02947 | ? | 3.48 |
| rs75660571 | 3e-08 | EMP1 | ? | 3.23 |
| rs577395034 | 3e-08 | ZNF85 | ? | 5.63 |
| rs138997780 | 4e-08 | SPANXN3 - SLITRK4 | ? | 2.77 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90319436 | Koike Y | 2023 | 2,010 | 20,006 | Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. |
| GCST002545 | Nakajima M | 2014 | 1,112 | 6,810 | A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. |
| GCST90319437 | Koike Y | 2023 | 820 | 14,576 | Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. |
| GCST90319438 | Koike Y | 2023 | 651 | 20,007 | Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 1 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 1 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 30 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 23 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 9 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 20 |
| intergenic_variant | 10 |
| regulatory_region_variant | 1 |
| 3_prime_UTR_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs374810 | 8 | 108083801 | G>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | RSPO2 - AURKBP1 | 1e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs6140442 | 20 | 7848750 | C>A,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | SRSF10P2 - HSPBAP1P1 | 3e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2423294 | 20 | 7839121 | G>A,C | 0.155 | intergenic_variant | SRSF10P2 - HSPBAP1P1 | 1e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11049529 | 12 | 28318571 | C>A,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | CCDC91 | 1e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs35281060 | 12 | 19823249 | TG>T,TGG | 0.05 | intron_variant | RNU1-146P - TCP1P3 | 1e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10841442 | 12 | 20060666 | T>A,C | 0.05 | intron_variant | TCP1P3 - LINC02468 | 1e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1979679 | 12 | 28253582 | T>A,C,G | 0.362 | intron_variant | CCDC91 | 4e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs149869712 | X | 88591778 | C>T | intron_variant | CAPZA1P1 - CPXCR1 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs11045000 | 12 | 20031212 | G>A | 0.46 | intron_variant | TCP1P3 - LINC02468 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs13279799 | 8 | 116529369 | T>A,C | 0.319 | intergenic_variant | LINC00536 - EIF3H | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1898287 | 8 | 116567732 | A>C,G,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | LINC00536 - EIF3H | 2e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1038666 | 12 | 28932072 | G>A,C,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | CCDC91 - FAR2 | 5e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs35505248 | 11 | 87119885 | T>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | TMEM135 | 7e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs927485 | 6 | 44570402 | G>A | 0.05 | regulatory_region_variant | CDC5L - SUPT3H | 2e-09 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| rs4665972 | 2 | 27375230 | T>C | 0.05 | intron_variant | SNX17 | 7e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs191235032 | 8 | 16298645 | T>A,C | intergenic_variant | MSR1 | 7e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs10770607 | 12 | 20027307 | C>T | 0.05 | intron_variant | TCP1P3 - LINC02468 | 8e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs376989376 | 16 | 69820427 | TAG>T | 0.05 | intron_variant | WWP2 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs570441876 | 1 | 14938485 | T>G | intron_variant | KAZN | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs17253481 | X | 151264532 | T>G | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | NAB1P1 - Metazoa_SRP | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs58255598 | 14 | 61665087 | C>T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | LINC03033 - HIF1A | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs189646742 | 15 | 87473824 | G>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | AGBL1 - RNU6-185P | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs201971301 | 20 | 7788066 | T>A,C | 0.05 | intron_variant | RN7SL547P - SRSF10P2 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs74707424 | 1 | 22526921 | G>A,C,T | 3_prime_UTR_variant | ZBTB40 | 2e-08 | Tier 2: splice/UTR | |
| rs569120301 | 19 | 13185065 | A>G | intron_variant | RPL12P42 - CACNA1A | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs11157733 | 14 | 50260805 | G>A,C | 0.05 | intron_variant | L2HGDH | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs182641792 | 8 | 48496518 | G>A,C,T | intergenic_variant | RPL29P19 - LINC02947 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs75660571 | 12 | 13203470 | A>G | intron_variant | EMP1 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs577395034 | 19 | 20933075 | C>T | intron_variant | ZNF85 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs138997780 | X | 143591874 | C>T | intergenic_variant | SPANXN3 - SLITRK4 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 3 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| CCDC91 | Orphanet:38 | Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa |
| RSPO2 | Orphanet:3301 | Tetraamelia-multiple malformations syndrome |
| PTHLH | Orphanet:93387 | Brachydactyly type E |
Cohort genes → proteins
11 cohort genes, 9 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| gwas_only | 11 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUPT3H | HGNC:11466 | ENSG00000196284 | O75486 | Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog | gwas |
| CDC5L | HGNC:1743 | ENSG00000096401 | Q99459 | Cell division cycle 5-like protein | gwas |
| CCDC91 | HGNC:24855 | ENSG00000123106 | Q7Z6B0 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 91 | gwas |
| RSPO2 | HGNC:28583 | ENSG00000147655 | Q6UXX9 | R-spondin-2 | gwas |
| EMC2 | HGNC:28963 | ENSG00000104412 | Q15006 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 2 | gwas |
| EIF3H | HGNC:3273 | ENSG00000147677 | O15372 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit H | gwas |
| EIF3E | HGNC:3277 | ENSG00000104408 | P60228 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E | gwas |
| MIR4642 | HGNC:41865 | ENSG00000266619 | microRNA 4642 | gwas | |
| LINC00536 | HGNC:43645 | ENSG00000249917 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 536 | gwas | |
| HAO1 | HGNC:4809 | ENSG00000101323 | Q9UJM8 | 2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 | gwas |
| PTHLH | HGNC:9607 | ENSG00000087494 | P12272 | Parathyroid hormone-related protein | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| SUPT3H | Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog | Probable transcriptional activator. |
| CDC5L | Cell division cycle 5-like protein | DNA-binding protein involved in cell cycle control. |
| CCDC91 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 91 | Involved in the regulation of membrane traffic through the trans-Golgi network (TGN). |
| RSPO2 | R-spondin-2 | Activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a ligand for LGR4-6 receptors. |
| EMC2 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 2 | Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins. |
| EIF3H | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit H | Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. |
| EIF3E | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E | Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. |
| HAO1 | 2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 | Broad substrate specificity (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase that preferentially oxidizes glycolate. |
| PTHLH | Parathyroid hormone-related protein | Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 8 · Druggable fraction: 0.18
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protease | 1 | 3.3× | 0.525 |
| Other/Unknown | 8 | 1.3× | 0.525 |
| Enzyme (other) | 1 | 1.1× | 0.758 |
| Transcription factor | 1 | 0.8× | 0.758 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUPT3H | Other/Unknown | no | TFIID_TAF13, Histone-fold | |
| CDC5L | Transcription factor | no | SANT/Myb, Homeodomain-like_sf, Myb_dom | |
| CCDC91 | Other/Unknown | no | CCDC91 | |
| RSPO2 | Other/Unknown | no | TSP1_rpt, Furin_repeat, Growth_fac_rcpt_cys_sf | |
| EMC2 | Other/Unknown | no | TPR-like_helical_dom_sf, TPR_rpt, EMC2-like | |
| EIF3H | Protease | yes | JAMM/MPN+_dom, eIF3h, MPN | |
| EIF3E | Other/Unknown | no | PCI_dom, eIF3e, eIF3e_N | |
| MIR4642 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| LINC00536 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| HAO1 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 1.1.3.15 | FMN-dep_DH, FMN_hydac_DH_AS, Alpha-hydoxy_acid_DH_FMN |
| PTHLH | Other/Unknown | no | PTH/PTH-rel, PTH-rel |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
8 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 11 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| primordial germ cell in gonad | 4 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 3 |
| calcaneal tendon | 3 |
| sperm | 2 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 1 |
| male germ cell | 1 |
| left testis | 1 |
| right testis | 1 |
| testis | 1 |
| mucosa of stomach | 1 |
| oocyte | 1 |
| secondary oocyte | 1 |
| C1 segment of cervical spinal cord | 1 |
| corpus callosum | 1 |
| cortical plate | 1 |
| ganglionic eminence | 1 |
| parietal pleura | 1 |
| tendon of biceps brachii | 1 |
| blood | 1 |
| bone marrow | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUPT3H | 206 | ubiquitous | yes | primordial germ cell in gonad, sperm, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis |
| CDC5L | 290 | ubiquitous | marker | buccal mucosa cell, sperm, male germ cell |
| CCDC91 | 282 | ubiquitous | marker | left testis, right testis, testis |
| RSPO2 | 156 | broad | marker | secondary oocyte, oocyte, mucosa of stomach |
| EMC2 | 299 | ubiquitous | marker | calcaneal tendon, C1 segment of cervical spinal cord, corpus callosum |
| EIF3H | 299 | ubiquitous | marker | cortical plate, ganglionic eminence, primordial germ cell in gonad |
| EIF3E | 298 | ubiquitous | marker | calcaneal tendon, tendon of biceps brachii, parietal pleura |
| MIR4642 | 71 | yes | bone marrow, blood, calcaneal tendon | |
| LINC00536 | 42 | marker | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, sural nerve | |
| HAO1 | 28 | tissue_specific | yes | right lobe of liver, liver, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis |
| PTHLH | 202 | broad | marker | periodontal ligament, primordial germ cell in gonad, stromal cell of endometrium |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 4.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| CDC5L | 5,930 |
| EIF3E | 3,313 |
| EIF3H | 3,091 |
| HAO1 | 2,955 |
| EMC2 | 2,213 |
| RSPO2 | 2,024 |
| SUPT3H | 1,603 |
| PTHLH | 1,599 |
| CCDC91 | 1,099 |
| MIR4642 | 0 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| CCDC91 | HAO1 | string_interaction |
| CCDC91 | RSPO2 | string_interaction |
| EIF3E | EIF3H | biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction |
| EIF3E | RSPO2 | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 9 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 2
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| CDC5L | Q99459 | 37 |
| EIF3E | P60228 | 28 |
| EIF3H | O15372 | 27 |
| HAO1 | Q9UJM8 | 21 |
| EMC2 | Q15006 | 11 |
| PTHLH | P12272 | 11 |
| RSPO2 | Q6UXX9 | 8 |
| SUPT3H | O75486 | 4 |
| CCDC91 | Q7Z6B0 | 1 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 22. Enrichment computed across 11 evidence-associated genes (7 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 7 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex | 2 | 61.6× | 0.004 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| Translation initiation complex formation | 2 | 54.4× | 0.004 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition | 2 | 54.4× | 0.004 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits | 2 | 32.0× | 0.007 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression | 2 | 28.9× | 0.007 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit | 2 | 28.6× | 0.007 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation | 1 | 108.8× | 0.029 | HAO1 |
| Regulation of FZD by ubiquitination | 1 | 74.2× | 0.037 | RSPO2 |
| Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors) | 1 | 27.2× | 0.087 | PTHLH |
| Peroxisomal protein import | 1 | 24.7× | 0.087 | HAO1 |
| TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT | 1 | 16.8× | 0.105 | RSPO2 |
| Signaling by WNT | 1 | 16.0× | 0.105 | RSPO2 |
| mRNA Splicing | 1 | 15.7× | 0.105 | CDC5L |
| Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA | 1 | 11.7× | 0.114 | CDC5L |
| Chromatin organization | 1 | 11.7× | 0.114 | SUPT3H |
| HATs acetylate histones | 1 | 11.3× | 0.114 | SUPT3H |
| G alpha (s) signalling events | 1 | 10.5× | 0.114 | PTHLH |
| Chromatin modifying enzymes | 1 | 10.3× | 0.114 | SUPT3H |
| mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway | 1 | 7.8× | 0.140 | CDC5L |
| Dengue Virus-Host Interactions | 1 | 6.5× | 0.158 | CDC5L |
| Metabolism of RNA | 1 | 6.0× | 0.164 | CDC5L |
| Signal Transduction | 1 | 1.4× | 0.516 | RSPO2 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 9 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex | 2 | 249.7× | 0.001 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| regulation of translational initiation | 2 | 104.0× | 0.004 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| glycine biosynthetic process | 1 | 1872.4× | 0.005 | HAO1 |
| glycolate catabolic process | 1 | 1872.4× | 0.005 | HAO1 |
| translational initiation | 2 | 79.7× | 0.005 | EIF3H, EIF3E |
| bone mineralization | 2 | 60.4× | 0.005 | RSPO2, PTHLH |
| negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | 1 | 936.2× | 0.006 | RSPO2 |
| lung growth | 1 | 936.2× | 0.006 | RSPO2 |
| adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled cAMP receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 936.2× | 0.006 | PTHLH |
| trachea cartilage morphogenesis | 1 | 624.1× | 0.008 | RSPO2 |
| negative regulation of chondrocyte development | 1 | 624.1× | 0.008 | PTHLH |
| cAMP metabolic process | 1 | 468.1× | 0.009 | PTHLH |
| fatty acid alpha-oxidation | 1 | 267.5× | 0.015 | HAO1 |
| protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence | 1 | 170.2× | 0.020 | EMC2 |
| Golgi to lysosome transport | 1 | 170.2× | 0.020 | CCDC91 |
| regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | 1 | 156.0× | 0.021 | PTHLH |
| osteoblast development | 1 | 110.1× | 0.028 | PTHLH |
| tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane | 1 | 104.0× | 0.028 | EMC2 |
| negative regulation of translational initiation | 1 | 98.5× | 0.028 | EIF3E |
| epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis | 1 | 93.6× | 0.028 | RSPO2 |
| negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | 1 | 74.9× | 0.033 | PTHLH |
| dopaminergic neuron differentiation | 1 | 69.3× | 0.034 | RSPO2 |
| embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis | 1 | 64.6× | 0.035 | RSPO2 |
| embryonic forelimb morphogenesis | 1 | 55.1× | 0.039 | RSPO2 |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay | 1 | 52.0× | 0.040 | EIF3E |
| limb development | 1 | 45.7× | 0.042 | RSPO2 |
| negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | 1 | 44.6× | 0.042 | EIF3H |
| DNA damage checkpoint signaling | 1 | 43.5× | 0.042 | CDC5L |
| positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway | 1 | 42.6× | 0.042 | RSPO2 |
| regulation of DNA repair | 1 | 30.7× | 0.056 | SUPT3H |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 10
Druggability breadth: 6 of 11 evidence-associated genes (55%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| EIF3E | 1 | 2 |
| SUPT3H | 0 | 0 |
| CDC5L | 0 | 0 |
| CCDC91 | 0 | 0 |
| RSPO2 | 0 | 0 |
| EMC2 | 0 | 0 |
| EIF3H | 0 | 0 |
| MIR4642 | 0 | 0 |
| LINC00536 | 0 | 0 |
| HAO1 | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| MOLIBRESIB | 2 | EIF3E |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| HAO1 | 30 | Binding:30 |
| EIF3E | 7 | Binding:7 |
| CDC5L | 1 | Binding:1 |
| EMC2 | 1 | Binding:1 |
| EIF3H | 1 | Binding:1 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| HAO1 | 1.1.3.15 | (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 9; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
1 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| MOLIBRESIB | 2 | EIF3E |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 0 | |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 1 | EIF3E |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 2 | EIF3H, HAO1 |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 8 | SUPT3H, CDC5L, CCDC91, RSPO2, EMC2, MIR4642, LINC00536, PTHLH |
Undrugged target profiles
10 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| EIF3H | 1 | EIF3E |
| SUPT3H | 0 | — |
| CDC5L | 1 | — |
| CCDC91 | 0 | — |
| RSPO2 | 0 | — |
| EMC2 | 1 | — |
| MIR4642 | 0 | — |
| LINC00536 | 0 | — |
| HAO1 | 30 | — |
| PTHLH | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 9.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 8 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01615328 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Fusion Rate of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) Using Cervios ChronOs™ and Bonion™ |
| NCT04968028 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Multi-centre Study to Evaluate ACAF Versus Laminoplasty in Treating Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
| NCT02926391 | Not specified | COMPLETED | UNiD 3D VBR Register |
| NCT03312985 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Comparison of ACAF and ACCF in the Treatment of Cervical OPLL |
| NCT03591692 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Multi-center Study:Comparison of ACAF and ACCF in the Treatment of Cervical OPLL |
| NCT04446221 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Long Term Follow-Up of Post Neck Pain Patients Accompanying Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Treated With Integrated Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Observational Study |
| NCT04963101 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | RNA-seq Analysis of PBMC in Patients With OPLL |
| NCT05006495 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Comparison Between C3-6 Laminoplasty and C3 Laminectomy With Cervical Laminoplasty |
| NCT06092138 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Edge Computing Platform for Spine Health Risk Management Based on IoT Technology |