Osteomyelitis

Summary

Osteomyelitis (MONDO:0005246) is a disease with 15 GWAS associations across 34 studies and 71 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cephalexin anhydrous, ceftaroline fosamil, and dalbavancin. A subtype of bone inflammation disease — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 15
• Clinical trials: 71

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	osteomyelitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005246
EFO	EFO:0003102
MeSH	D010019
DOID	DOID:1019
ICD-10-CM	M86
NCIT	C27577
SNOMED CT	60168000
UMLS	C0029443
MedGen	10497
GARD	0007286
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: osteomyelitis · osteomyelitis (disease)

Data availability: 15 GWAS associations (34 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

This is a subtype of bone inflammation disease. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › musculoskeletal system disorder › skeletal system disorder › bone disorder › bone inflammation disease › osteomyelitis

Related subtypes (5): mastoiditis, epicondylitis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, arthritic joint disease, Caffey disease

Subtypes (2): petrositis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

15 GWAS associations across 34 studies. Top hits map to 3 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs17817497	5e-18	FTO	T	0.12
chr16:53813450	5e-17		A	0.12
rs35198068	3e-15	TCF7L2	T	0.15
rs7903146	9e-14	TCF7L2	C	0.1
chr1:120267505	2e-12		C	0.15
chr10:114818754	2e-11		G	0.16
rs477992	2e-11	PHGDH	A	0.12
rs536998147	6e-09	RNU1-84P - NPAS4	?
chr11:44069230	4e-08		?
rs367544978	7e-08	PPIAP22 - SLC6A6P1	?
chr8:56045687	4e-07		?

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90476221	Verma A	2024	10,097	437,447	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90476224	Verma A	2024	7,231	440,916	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90476223	Verma A	2024	5,116	443,677	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90476222	Verma A	2024	4,900	443,951	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90281166	Hamilton FW	2023	4,836	481,648	Therapeutic potential of IL6R blockade for the treatment of sepsis and sepsis-related death: A Mendelian randomisation study.
GCST90478857	Verma A	2024	2,971	117,803	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90480493	Verma A	2024	2,971	117,803	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90474143	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	2,676	455,764	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90478863	Verma A	2024	2,096	118,879	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90480492	Verma A	2024	2,096	118,879	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	11

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	7
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	4

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
unknown	5
intron_variant	4
intergenic_variant	2

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs17817497	16	53781523	T>C	0.322	intron_variant	FTO	5e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr16:53813450				0.395			5e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs35198068	10	112995025	T>C	0.299	intron_variant	TCF7L2	3e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7903146	10	112998590	C>G,T	0.292	intron_variant	TCF7L2	9e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:120267505				0.312			2e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr10:114818754				0.255			2e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs477992	1	119714953	A>C,G,T	0.317	intron_variant	PHGDH	2e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs536998147	11	66395699	T>TG		intergenic_variant	RNU1-84P - NPAS4	6e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:44069230							4e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs367544978	21	19150758	G>A		intergenic_variant	PPIAP22 - SLC6A6P1	7e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr8:56045687							4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

5 approved, 8 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Besilesomab	Approved (phase 4)
Clindamycin	Approved (phase 4)
Clindamycin Phosphate	Approved (phase 4)
Linezolid	Approved (phase 4)
Sulesomab	Approved (phase 4)
Cefazolin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dalbavancin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Daptomycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ertapenem	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nafcillin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oxacillin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tigecycline	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Vancomycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Floxacillin, Teicoplanin.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 71.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	46
PHASE4	10
PHASE2	7
PHASE3	4
PHASE1	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	1
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04538053	PHASE4	RECRUITING	BonE and Joint Infections - Simplifying Treatment in Children Trial
NCT06982105	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. Clindamycin for the Treatment of Children With Invasive MRSA Infections
NCT01734694	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Safety and Efficacy of Strategy to Prevent Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity in High-Risk Patients
NCT02005068	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Ceftaroline in the Treatment of Bone and Joint Infections
NCT02128256	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	CERAMENT™|G - Bone Healing and Re-infection Prophylaxis
NCT03012529	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Investigation of Rifampin to Reduce Pedal Amputations for Osteomyelitis in Diabetics
NCT03426761	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dalbavancin For The Treatment of Gram Positive Osteoarticular Infections
NCT04141787	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Ceftriaxone as Home IV for Staph Infections
NCT04563325	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Oral-only Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infections in Children
NCT05521880	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Anchoring Sequential Intermittent Long Acting Antimicrobials With Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) for Invasive Infections Related to Opioid Use
NCT07435051	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Bisphosphonates Combined With Vancomycin for the Treatment of Cierny-Mader Type I and III Osteomyelitis
NCT00324922	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vancomycin Or Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis
NCT00366249	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of a Once-daily Dose of Tigecycline vs Ertapenem in Diabetic Foot Infections (DFI) With a Substudy in Patients With Diabetic Foot Infections Complicated by Osteomyelitis.
NCT02344511	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Dalbavancin vs Comparator in Pediatric Subjects With Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
NCT06283979	PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Randomized Controlled Phase II Trial of STIMULAN VG vs Standard of Care (SoC) for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis Associated With Stage IV Pressure Ulcers.
NCT00428844	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Study of Daptomycin in Subjects Undergoing Surgery for Osteomyelitis Associated With an Infected Prosthetic Caused by Staphylococci
NCT01336803	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Differentiation of Bone Sarcomas and Osteomyelitis With Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI
NCT02168816	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Efficacy of Oral Antibiotic Therapy Compared to Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Osteomyelitis
NCT02335905	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Ceftaroline for Treatment of Hematogenously Acquired Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis in Children
NCT02685033	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Dalbavancin Versus Active Comparator in Adult Participants With Osteomyelitis
NCT03091439	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Safety and Efficacy of Dalbavancin Versus Active Comparator in Adult Patients With Osteomyelitis
NCT05177107	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Bacteriophage Therapy in Patients With Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
NCT03802552	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Cefadroxil and Cephalexin Drug Levels and Dosing in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections
NCT05959590	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Ferumoxytol-enhanced Imaging of Osteomyelitis
NCT02099240	EARLY_PHASE1	TERMINATED	Patients Response to Early Switch To Oral:Osteomyelitis Study
NCT02979951	Not specified	RECRUITING	Fosfomycin I.v. for Treatment of Severely Infected Patients
NCT03594344	Not specified	RECRUITING	Additional Hyperbaric Oxygen After Lower Extremity Amputation
NCT05713149	Not specified	RECRUITING	Treatment of Osteomyelitis-associated Pressure Ulcers by Surgical Flaps and Anti-bacterial Agents
NCT06010433	Not specified	RECRUITING	CERAMENT G Device Registry
NCT06402292	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Surgical Treatment of Osteoarticular Infections Using Bioactive Bone Substitute
NCT06555848	Not specified	RECRUITING	CERAMENT G as Part of the Surgical Treatment of Osteomyelitis in a Single-Stage Procedure
NCT06827496	Not specified	RECRUITING	Initial Oral Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infections in Children
NCT07056881	Not specified	RECRUITING	Monotherapy vs Combination Therapy for Bone Infections Caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
NCT07057817	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	The ACHILLS Trial; Application of Cerament in Heel Infection for Lower Limb Salvage
NCT07270380	Not specified	RECRUITING	Antibiotic Device for Osteomyelitis of the Extremities Pivotal Trial - Genex With Gentamicin.
NCT07388017	Not specified	RECRUITING	Infrared Thermography for Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Infections
NCT07426471	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Delafloxacin Plasma and Tissue Concentration in Patients With Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone and Joint Infections.
NCT00402064	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Influence of Bisphosphonates in the Oral Cavity in Children
NCT00714402	Not specified	COMPLETED	Procalcitonin Level and Kinetics in Children With Bacterial Infections
NCT01098916	Not specified	COMPLETED	The RAD-HOME Project: a Pilot Study of Domiciliary Teleradiology

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CEPHALEXIN ANHYDROUS	4	6
CEFTAROLINE FOSAMIL	4	4
DALBAVANCIN	4	4
VANCOMYCIN	4	3
CEFAZOLIN	4	2
DAPTOMYCIN	4	2
NAFCILLIN	4	2
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE	4	2
TRIMETHOPRIM	4	2
CEFADROXIL	4	1
CEFTRIAXONE	4	1
DELAFLOXACIN	4	1
ERTAPENEM	4	1
FERUMOXYTOL	4	1
LINEZOLID	4	1
ORITAVANCIN	4	1
OXACILLIN	4	1
RIBOFLAVIN	4	1
RIFAMPIN	4	1
TIGECYCLINE	4	1
CEFTAROLINE	3	2
FLOXACILLIN	3	1
TEICOPLANIN	3	1
CHEMBL4778239	0	4
CHEMBL4785392	0	4
CHEMBL6174705	0	4
CHEMBL4299436	0	3
CHEMBL1649722	0	2
CHEMBL4286784	0	2
CHEMBL4744444	0	2