Pancreatic neoplasm

Summary

Pancreatic neoplasm (MONDO:0021040) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 7 Mondo subtypes) with 5 GWAS associations across 1 studies and 467 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include gemcitabine, octreotide, and pemetrexed. A subtype of pancreas disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Umbrella term: 7 Mondo subtypes
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical trials: 467

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	pancreatic neoplasm
Mondo ID	MONDO:0021040
EFO	EFO:0003860
MeSH	D010190
NCIT	C3305
SNOMED CT	126859007
UMLS	C0030297
MedGen	18279
Anatomy (UBERON)	UBERON:0001264
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: neoplasm of pancreas · neoplasm of the pancreas · pancreas · pancreas neoplasm · pancreas neoplasm (disease) · pancreas tumor · pancreas tumour · pancreatic neoplasm · pancreatic tumor · pancreatic tumour · tumor of pancreas · tumor of the pancreas · tumour of pancreas · tumour of the pancreas

Data availability: 5 GWAS associations (1 study) · 29 intOGen driver records.

Disease family

This is a subtype of pancreas disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › pancreas disorder › pancreatic neoplasm

Related subtypes (13): pancreatic steatorrhea, pancreatic mucinous ductal ectasia, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, endocrine pancreas disorder, pancreatitis, annular pancreas, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase deficiency, follicular cholangitis and pancreatitis, congenital pancreatic cyst, recurrent acute pancreatitis, accessory pancreas, acinar cystic transformation of the pancreas, lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas

Subtypes (7): pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, malignant pancreatic neoplasm, GCGR-related hyperglucagonemia, adenoma of pancreas, pancreatic exocrine neoplasm, benign neoplasm of pancreas, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of pancreas

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

5 GWAS associations across 1 studies. Top hits map to 2 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs57800506	3e-08	LINC02914 - RPL3P4	T	1.81
rs79375415	3e-07	TPRG1 - TP63	G	1.2
rs62295985	4e-07	MECOM	T	1
rs11055009	4e-07	GPR19	G	0.74
rs34707540	6e-07	ARHGAP15-AS1 - Y_RNA	A	0.68

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90104145	Choe EK	2022	0	0	Leveraging deep phenotyping from health check-up cohort with 10,000 Korean individuals for phenome-wide association study of 136 traits.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	5

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	3
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	1
rare (<0.01)	1
unknown	0

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	3
intergenic_variant	2

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs57800506	14	98851481	C>T	0.01	intergenic_variant	LINC02914 - RPL3P4	3e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs79375415	3	189537509	T>C,G	0.03	intergenic_variant	TPRG1 - TP63	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs62295985	3	169631567	C>T	0.056	intron_variant	MECOM	4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11055009	12	12665031	T>C,G	0.164	intron_variant	GPR19	4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs34707540	2	143884221	C>A	0.262	intron_variant	ARHGAP15-AS1 - Y_RNA	6e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

4 approved, 15 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Everolimus	Approved (phase 4)
Olaparib	Approved (phase 4)
Paclitaxel	Approved (phase 4)
Zenocutuzumab	Approved (phase 4)
Bevacizumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bupivacaine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Capecitabine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cisplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Demplatin Pegraglumer	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Erlotinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Fluorouracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Gemcitabine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Gimeracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Glufosfamide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Irinotecan	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Larotaxel	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oteracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oxaliplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tegafur	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Alectinib, Ascorbic Acid, Axitinib, Carboplatin, Catequentinib, Doxorubicin, Durvalumab, Enzastaurin, Etodolac, Lomustine, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab, Propranolol, Rituximab, Rivoceranib, Sintilimab, Sorafenib, Surufatinib, Tislelizumab, Tivantinib, Trastuzumab, Tremelimumab, Verteporfin.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 467.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	257
PHASE2	81
PHASE1	52
PHASE1/PHASE2	42
PHASE3	18
PHASE4	12
EARLY_PHASE1	3
PHASE2/PHASE3	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02775227	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	HYPAR Trial - Hydrocortisone vs. Pasireotide in Reducing Pancreatic Surgery Complications
NCT05245877	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Pre- Vs. Postoperative Thromboprophylaxis in Pancreatic Surgery
NCT00980889	PHASE4	COMPLETED	RCT Steel (Wallstent®) vs Nitinol (Wallflex®) Bile Duct Stent for Palliation of Malignant Obstruction
NCT01673334	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of EUS-Guided 22 Gauge Core Biopsy Versus Fine-needle Aspiration for Suspected Pancreatic Neoplasms
NCT01819961	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Parenteral Fish Oil in Major Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
NCT01969110	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Additional Effects of Perioperative Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy
NCT02092519	PHASE4	COMPLETED	RCT: Difference in Diagnostic Yield Between EUSFNA Needles With and Without a Side Port in Pancreatic Masses
NCT02335151	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CTC Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
NCT02728921	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Importance of Albumin Infusion Rate for Plasma Volume Expansion Following Major Abdominal Surgery
NCT03269955	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Effect of Application of TachoSil® in Pancreatoduodenectomy
NCT04357483	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Thrombin-containing Collagen-based Hemostatic Matrix
NCT04809935	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	EUS-Coeliac Plexus Block Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Pain Relief of Patients With Malignancy
NCT05720338	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Is Intraperitoneal Drainage Necessary Following Distal Pancreatectomy?
NCT05786716	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 04: Trastuzumab in Combination With Pertuzumab in Adult, Paediatric and Teenage/Young Adult Patients With Cancers With HER2 Amplification or Activating Mutations
NCT06807437	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Lanreotide Versus Placebo Before Surgery to Prevent a Surgical Complication Called a Pancreatic Fistula
NCT00005648	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Gemcitabine With or Without Tipifarnib (R115777) in Treating Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
NCT00035035	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Phase 3 Trial of ALIMTA (LY231514, Pemetrexed) Plus GEMZAR Versus GEMZAR in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Cancer of the Pancreas.
NCT00136669	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Acupuncture For Pancreatic Cancer Pain
NCT00279292	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Trial of EUS Neurolysis in Pancreas Cancer
NCT00417209	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Larotaxel Compared To Continuous Administration of 5-FU in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients Previously Treated With A Gemcitabine-Containing Regimen
NCT00574275	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Aflibercept Compared to Placebo in Term of Efficacy in Patients Treated With Gemcitabine for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
NCT00602745	PHASE3	TERMINATED	S-1 Versus 5-FU Bolus in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients Previously Treated With Gemcitabine-Based Regimen
NCT01121848	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Study With Oxaliplatin in 2nd Line Pancreatic Cancer
NCT01479803	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of Two Needles (ProCore vs EchoTip) for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Solid Mass Under EUS
NCT01731821	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Nonstented Stump-closed vs Duct-to-Mucosa Pancreaticojejunostomy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
NCT01964430	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine vs Gemcitabine Alone as Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Resected Pancreatic Cancer (the Apact Study)
NCT02043288	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Combination Therapy With NC-6004 and Gemcitabine Versus Gemcitabine Alone in Pancreatic Cancer
NCT02871804	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Combined Resection vs. Separated Resection After Mobilization of Splenic Vein During Distal Pancreatectomy
NCT03610100	PHASE2/PHASE3	SUSPENDED	Acelarin First Line Randomised Pancreatic Study
NCT03649035	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Eus-guided Cryothermal Ablation in Stage III Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
NCT05840341	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Efficacy of QYHJ and Standard Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
NCT06346366	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Glucose Control Through a Bihormonal Artificial Pancreas in Patients After Total Pancreatectomy
NCT03310632	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Determine Function of Antroquinonol in Combination With SOC in First Line Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
NCT03678883	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	9-ING-41 in Patients With Advanced Cancers
NCT03977233	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Tumor Subtypes in Subjects on FOLFIRINOX With Non-Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
NCT04146298	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Mutant KRAS G12V-specific TCR Transduced T Cell Therapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
NCT04956640	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Study of LY3537982 in Cancer Patients With a Specific Genetic Mutation (KRAS G12C)
NCT05083247	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Preoperative mFOLFIRINOX (or Gem-Nab-P) +/- Isotoxic High-dose SBRT for Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
NCT05218889	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Surufatinib Plus Camrelizumab and AS in First Line Treatment of Advanced Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
NCT05451849	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Phase 1/2 Trial of TC-510 In Patients With Advanced Mesothelin-Expressing Cancer

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
GEMCITABINE	4	5
OCTREOTIDE	4	2
PEMETREXED	4	2
TORIPALIMAB	4	2
AFATINIB	4	1
AFLIBERCEPT	4	1
ALECTINIB	4	1
AXITINIB	4	1
CAPECITABINE	4	1
COBICISTAT	4	1
DALTEPARIN SODIUM	4	1
DESFLURANE	4	1
DOSTARLIMAB	4	1
ENOXAPARIN SODIUM	4	1
ETODOLAC	4	1
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE	4	1
HYDROCORTISONE	4	1
HYDROMORPHONE	4	1
IOPAMIDOL	4	1
LANREOTIDE	4	1
LOMUSTINE	4	1
LUTETIUM OXODOTREOTIDE LU-177	4	1
NELFINAVIR	4	1
OXALIPLATIN	4	1
PASIREOTIDE	4	1
PENTOSTATIN	4	1
PERFLUTREN	4	1
PERTUZUMAB	4	1
SELUMETINIB	4	1
SORAFENIB	4	1