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Panic disorder

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Summary

Panic disorder (MONDO:0005383) is a disease with 17 cohort genes (24 GWAS associations across 10 studies) and 217 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include paroxetine, sertraline, and alprazolam.

At a glance

  • Cohort genes: 17
  • GWAS associations: 24
  • Clinical trials: 217

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namepanic disorder
Mondo IDMONDO:0005383
EFOEFO:0004262
MeSHD016584
DOIDDOID:594
ICD-10-CMF41.0
ICD-1156162827
NCITC34890
SNOMED CT371631005
UMLSC0030319
MedGen14588
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Data availability: 24 GWAS associations (10 studies).

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 3 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by developmental or physiological process › psychiatric disorder › mental disorder › anxiety disorder › panic disorder

Related subtypes (9): separation anxiety disorder, neurocirculatory asthenia, generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorder, acute stress disorder, neurotic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder

Subtypes (3): familial panic disorder, panic disorder without agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

24 GWAS associations across 10 studies. Top hits map to 12 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsIDp-valueGeneRisk alleleOdds ratio
rs125793504e-09ANO2?
rs355465972e-08BORCS6 - AURKB?
rs8605545e-08PKP1?
rs105346135e-08IQCE?
rs38169952e-07SDK2?
rs93020013e-07SOX21-AS1 - LINC00557?
rs9411843e-07CALCOCO1?
rs1447832093e-07SMAD1, SMAD1-AS2T1.47
rs93720785e-07IYD - PLEKHG1?
rs174666847e-07GULOP - CLU?
rs120613041e-06KCNA3 - Y_RNA?
rs37493802e-06GRM7?
rs799193492e-06PTMAP6 - RNU6-929PA1.77
rs412801693e-06PTBP3T1.4
rs25544443e-06SNHG14T1.2
rs27310064e-06LINC02450 - MRPS36P5?
rs38102654e-06CPT1C - TSKS?
rs21038685e-06TNFRSF21?
rs69144285e-06DHFRP5 - FKBP1CG1.18
rs49018696e-06LINC01500?
rs169893036e-06SMOX - LINC01433?
rs47029826e-06FAM174A - RN7SKP62?
rs72999407e-06RAN - Y_RNA?
rs28234559e-06RAD23BP3 - USP25?

Top studies (by case count)

StudyLead authorYearCasesControlsTitle
GCST009838Levey DF202028,525163,731Reproducible Genetic Risk Loci for Anxiety: Results From ∼200,000 Participants in the Million Veteran Program.
GCST90078645Backman JD20217,80436,479Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90082631Backman JD20217,80436,479Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90038651Donertas HM20216,514478,084Common genetic associations between age-related diseases.
GCST009525Forstner AJ20192,1477,760Genome-wide association study of panic disorder reveals genetic overlap with neuroticism and depression.
GCST90225525Brasher MS20231,909500,553Testing associations between human anxiety and genes previously implicated by mouse anxiety models.
GCST90079808Backman JD20211,685383,717Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90083794Backman JD20211,685383,717Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST001742Otowa T20127181,717Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for panic disorder in the Japanese population.
GCST000320Otowa T20092000Genome-wide association study of panic disorder in the Japanese population.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

TierVariants
Tier 1: coding1
Tier 2: splice/UTR1
Tier 3: regulatory0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic22

MAF distribution

BucketVariants
common (>=0.05)19
low_freq (0.01-0.05)5
rare (<0.01)0
unknown0

Functional consequences

ConsequenceCount
intron_variant12
intergenic_variant9
missense_variant1
3_prime_UTR_variant1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant1

Top variants

rsIDChrPosAllelesMAFConsequenceGenep-valueTier
rs12579350125687935G>A,T0.01intron_variantANO24e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs35546597178201734CAAAAAAAAAA>C,CAA,CAAAAAA,CAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAAAAAAAA,CAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0.05intergenic_variantBORCS6 - AURKB2e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs8605541201293304C>A,G,T0.05intron_variantPKP15e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1053461372592402CAA>C0.05intron_variantIQCE5e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs38169951773339121G>A0.03intron_variantSDK22e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs93020011394811138C>A,T0.2intergenic_variantSOX21-AS1 - LINC005573e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9411841253720374C>A,G,T0.03intron_variantCALCOCO13e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1447832094145482377G>A,C,T0.05intron_variantSMAD1, SMAD1-AS23e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs93720786150592825T>A0.11intergenic_variantIYD - PLEKHG15e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17466684827595330G>A0.09intron_variantGULOP - CLU7e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs120613041110695063A>G0.1intron_variantKCNA3 - Y_RNA1e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs374938036861610C>A,G,T0.25missense_variantGRM72e-06Tier 1: coding
rs799193492056707790G>A0.05intron_variantPTMAP6 - RNU6-929P2e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs412801699112220657C>T0.053_prime_UTR_variantPTBP33e-06Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs25544441525012438A>T0.05intergenic_variantSNHG143e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs27310061242767023C>T0.29intergenic_variantLINC02450 - MRPS36P54e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs38102651949720009G>A,C0.07non_coding_transcript_exon_variantCPT1C - TSKS4e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2103868647262879A>C,G,T0.26intron_variantTNFRSF215e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6914428662520835G>A,C0.05intergenic_variantDHFRP5 - FKBP1C5e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs49018691458867410A>G0.02intron_variantLINC015006e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs16989303204188432G>A0.21intergenic_variantSMOX - LINC014336e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs47029825100655944C>T0.16intron_variantFAM174A - RN7SKP626e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs729994012130906209C>G0.29intergenic_variantRAN - Y_RNA7e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs28234552115696847C>T0.03intergenic_variantRAD23BP3 - USP259e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 10 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
SNRPNOrphanet:177901Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion of 15q11q13 type 1
SNRPNOrphanet:177904Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion of 15q11q13 type 2
SNRPNOrphanet:177907Prader-Willi syndrome due to translocation
SNRPNOrphanet:177910Prader-Willi syndrome due to imprinting mutation
SNRPNOrphanet:411515Angelman syndrome due to imprinting defect in 15q11-q13
SNRPNOrphanet:98754Prader-Willi syndrome due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15
IQCEOrphanet:93334Postaxial polydactyly type A
GRM7Orphanet:1934Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
GRM7Orphanet:88616Autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability
PKP1Orphanet:158668Ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

17 cohort genes, 17 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
gwas_only17

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
PTBP3HGNC:10253ENSG00000119314O95758Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3gwas
SNRPNHGNC:11164ENSG00000128739P63162Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein Ngwas
SNURFHGNC:11171ENSG00000273173Q9Y675SNRPN upstream reading frame proteingwas
AURKBHGNC:11390ENSG00000178999Q96GD4Aurora kinase Bgwas
ANO2HGNC:1183ENSG00000047617Q9NQ90Anoctamin-2gwas
USP25HGNC:12624ENSG00000155313Q9UHP3Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 25gwas
TNFRSF21HGNC:13469ENSG00000146072O75509Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21gwas
SMOXHGNC:15862ENSG00000088826Q9NWM0Spermine oxidasegwas
SDK2HGNC:19308ENSG00000069188Q58EX2Protein sidekick-2gwas
PLEKHG1HGNC:20884ENSG00000120278Q9ULL1Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family G member 1gwas
CLUHGNC:2095ENSG00000120885P10909Clusteringwas
SUSD1HGNC:25413ENSG00000106868Q6UWL2Sushi domain-containing protein 1gwas
IQCEHGNC:29171ENSG00000106012Q6IPM2IQ domain-containing protein Egwas
CALCOCO1HGNC:29306ENSG00000012822Q9P1Z2Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1gwas
GRM7HGNC:4599ENSG00000196277Q14831Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7gwas
SMAD1HGNC:6767ENSG00000170365Q15797SMAD family member 1gwas
PKP1HGNC:9023ENSG00000081277Q13835Plakophilin-1gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
PTBP3Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3RNA-binding protein that mediates pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation.
SNRPNSmall nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein NMay be involved in tissue-specific alternative RNA processing events.
AURKBAurora kinase BSerine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis.
ANO2Anoctamin-2Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) which may play a role in olfactory signal transduction.
USP25Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 25Deubiquitinating enzyme that hydrolyzes ubiquitin moieties conjugated to substrates and thus, functions in various biological processes including inflammation and immune response.
TNFRSF21Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21Promotes apoptosis, possibly via a pathway that involves the activation of NF-kappa-B.
SMOXSpermine oxidaseFlavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermidine.
SDK2Protein sidekick-2Adhesion molecule that promotes lamina-specific synaptic connections in the retina and is specifically required for the formation of neuronal circuits that detect motion.
PLEKHG1Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family G member 1Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAC1 and CDC42.
CLUClusterinFunctions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non native proteins.
IQCEIQ domain-containing protein EComponent of the EvC complex that positively regulates ciliary Hedgehog (Hh) signaling.
CALCOCO1Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1Functions as a coactivator for aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear receptors (NR).
GRM7Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7G-protein coupled receptor activated by glutamate that regulates axon outgrowth through the MAPK-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway during neuronal development.
SMAD1SMAD family member 1Transcriptional modulator that plays a role in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis.
PKP1Plakophilin-1A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 6 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 10 · Druggable fraction: 0.35

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Phosphatase14.9×0.688
Protease12.1×0.688
Antibody/Immunoglobulin11.7×0.688
Kinase11.6×0.688
GPCR11.4×0.688
Other/Unknown101.1×0.688
Scaffold/PPI11.0×0.728
Enzyme (other)10.7×0.773

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
PTBP3Other/UnknownnoRRM_dom, HnRNP-L/PTB, Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sf
SNRPNOther/UnknownnoSm_dom_euk/arc, LSM_dom_sf, snRNP-assoc_SmB/SmN
SNURFOther/UnknownnoSNURF
AURKBKinaseyesProt_kinase_dom, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS, Kinase-like_dom_sf
ANO2Other/UnknownnoAnoctamin, Anoct_dimer, Anoctamin_TM
USP25ProteaseyesPeptidase_C19_UCH, UIM_dom, UBA-like_sf
TNFRSF21Other/UnknownnoDeath_dom, TNFR/NGFR_Cys_rich_reg, DEATH-like_dom_sf
SMOXEnzyme (other)yes1.5.3.16Amino_oxidase, FAD/NAD-bd_sf, Flavin_monoamine_oxidase
SDK2Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesIg_sub2, Ig_sub, FN3_dom
PLEKHG1Scaffold/PPInoDH_dom, PH_domain, PH-like_dom_sf
CLUOther/UnknownnoClusterin-like, Clusterin_N, Clusterin_C
SUSD1PhosphataseyesEGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, Sushi_SCR_CCP_dom, EGF
IQCEOther/UnknownnoIQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, CellDiv_DevSignal_Domain
CALCOCO1Other/UnknownnoCALCOCO1-like, SKICH, CALCOCO1/2_Zn_UBZ1
GRM7GPCRyesGPCR_3_mtglu_rcpt, GPCR_3, ANF_lig-bd_rcpt
SMAD1Other/UnknownnoSMAD_dom, MAD_homology1_Dwarfin-type, SMAD_FHA_dom_sf
PKP1Other/UnknownnoArmadillo, ARM-like, ARM-type_fold

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

17 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)17
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
sural nerve3
ganglionic eminence2
calcaneal tendon2
left testis2
lower esophagus mucosa2
epithelium of nasopharynx1
gingival epithelium1
nasopharynx1
prefrontal cortex1
primary visual cortex1
superior frontal gyrus1
cortical plate1
stromal cell of endometrium1
oocyte1
ventricular zone1
male germ cell1
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis1
sperm1
islet of Langerhans1
mucosa of urinary bladder1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
PTBP3281ubiquitousmarkerepithelium of nasopharynx, nasopharynx, gingival epithelium
SNRPN134broadmarkersuperior frontal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, primary visual cortex
SNURF134ubiquitousmarkercortical plate, ganglionic eminence, stromal cell of endometrium
AURKB187ubiquitousmarkerventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, oocyte
ANO2165tissue_specificmarkersural nerve, left testis, calcaneal tendon
USP25285ubiquitousmarkersperm, male germ cell, skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis
TNFRSF21282ubiquitousmarkerislet of Langerhans, mucosa of urinary bladder, periodontal ligament
SMOX258ubiquitousmarkeramygdala, lower esophagus mucosa, C1 segment of cervical spinal cord
SDK2219broadmarkercartilage tissue, tibia, type B pancreatic cell
PLEKHG1214ubiquitousmarkersural nerve, ileal mucosa, spleen
CLU294ubiquitousmarkerlateral globus pallidus, calcaneal tendon, paraflocculus
SUSD1204ubiquitousmarkermonocyte, leukocyte, granulocyte
IQCE231ubiquitousmarkerleft testis, right testis, sural nerve
CALCOCO1292ubiquitousmarkermucosa of stomach, skin of leg, lower esophagus muscularis layer
GRM7168broadmarkerendothelial cell, middle temporal gyrus, CA1 field of hippocampus
SMAD1297ubiquitousmarkersecondary oocyte, nipple, corpus epididymis
PKP1184broadmarkerupper arm skin, skin of abdomen, lower esophagus mucosa

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
AURKB6,131
CLU4,205
USP252,203
GRM72,166
PTBP31,820
SMAD11,398
SDK21,373
PKP11,357
CALCOCO11,317
IQCE1,124

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
PLEKHG1SDK2string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 10 · AlphaFold-only: 7 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
SMAD1Q1579710
USP25Q9UHP37
TNFRSF21O755097
GRM7Q148316
SDK2Q58EX24
SNRPNP631622
SMOXQ9NWM02
CLUP109092
AURKBQ96GD41
PKP1Q138351

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
SUSD1Q6UWL278.21
CALCOCO1Q9P1Z277.57
ANO2Q9NQ9074.81
PTBP3O9575870.48
IQCEQ6IPM269.36
SNURFQ9Y67552.06
PLEKHG1Q9ULL150.77

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 91. Enrichment computed across 17 evidence-associated genes (13 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 13 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
SDK interactions1439.2×0.138SDK2
PAOs oxidise polyamines to amines1292.8×0.138SMOX
Interconversion of polyamines1219.6×0.138SMOX
Terminal pathway of complement1109.8×0.172CLU
Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation187.8×0.172SMAD1
Apoptotic cleavage of cell adhesion proteins179.9×0.172PKP1
Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion167.6×0.172ANO2
RUNX2 regulates bone development162.8×0.172SMAD1
Activation of SMO148.8×0.172IQCE
Cardiogenesis132.5×0.172SMAD1
Attenuation phase131.4×0.172TNFRSF21
HSF1 activation129.3×0.172TNFRSF21
Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation by EBF2129.3×0.172SMAD1
Regulation of MECP2 expression and activity128.3×0.172AURKB
Signaling by BMP127.4×0.172SMAD1
APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins125.8×0.172AURKB
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle125.8×0.172AURKB
Dengue virus activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses125.8×0.172CLU
HSF1-dependent transactivation124.4×0.172TNFRSF21
Transcriptional Regulation by MECP2124.4×0.172AURKB
Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)122.5×0.172GRM7
Late SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events122.5×0.172ANO2
Ub-specific processing proteases28.2×0.172USP25, SMAD1
Transcriptional regulation by RUNX2119.5×0.179SMAD1
Cell-cell junction organization119.1×0.179SDK2
SUMOylation of DNA replication proteins119.1×0.179AURKB
Regulation of Complement cascade117.9×0.183CLU
Antimicrobial peptides117.2×0.184CLU
Amplification of signal from the kinetochores115.2×0.197AURKB
Cell junction organization114.4×0.197SDK2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 15 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
mesodermal cell fate commitment11123.5×0.021SMAD1
regulation of neuronal signal transduction11123.5×0.021CLU
positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly11123.5×0.021CLU
positive regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore11123.5×0.021AURKB
desmosome maintenance1561.7×0.021PKP1
immune complex clearance1561.7×0.021CLU
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process1561.7×0.021TNFRSF21
repair of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defect1561.7×0.021AURKB
regulation of amyloid-beta clearance1561.7×0.021CLU
negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway1561.7×0.021USP25
mitotic sister chromatid biorientation1561.7×0.021AURKB
negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex1374.5×0.021CLU
osteoblast fate commitment1374.5×0.021SMAD1
polyamine catabolic process1374.5×0.021SMOX
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway1374.5×0.021GRM7
cell cycle G2/M phase transition1374.5×0.021AURKB
spermine catabolic process1374.5×0.021SMOX
response to misfolded protein1374.5×0.021CLU
protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy1374.5×0.021CLU
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation1374.5×0.021AURKB
negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process1374.5×0.021PKP1
positive regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation1374.5×0.021PKP1
positive regulation of gene expression410.3×0.021CLU, CALCOCO1, SMAD1, PKP1
mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint signaling1280.9×0.025AURKB
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation1280.9×0.025AURKB
negative regulation of glutamate secretion1224.7×0.025GRM7
positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization1224.7×0.025AURKB
transepithelial water transport1224.7×0.025PKP1
negative regulation of complement activation1224.7×0.025CLU
camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation1224.7×0.025SDK2

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

2 approved, 3 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

DrugDevelopment status
AlprazolamApproved (phase 4)
ClonazepamApproved (phase 4)
CycloserinePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
LevetiracetamPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
ParoxetinePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Carbon Dioxide, Citalopram, Doxapram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Propranolol, Sertraline, Xenon.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 15

Druggability breadth: 7 of 17 evidence-associated genes (41%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
AURKBSORAFENIB TOSYLATE

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
AURKB824
GRM713
PTBP300
SNRPN00
SNURF00
ANO200
USP2500
TNFRSF2100
SMOX00
SDK200

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE4AURKB
FEDRATINIB4AURKB
TIVOZANIB4AURKB
LENVATINIB4AURKB
AXITINIB4AURKB
SORAFENIB4AURKB
ENTRECTINIB4AURKB
BELUMOSUDIL4AURKB
PACRITINIB4AURKB
FOSTAMATINIB4AURKB
TOFACITINIB4AURKB
VANDETANIB4AURKB
UPADACITINIB4AURKB
PEXIDARTINIB4AURKB
PAZOPANIB4AURKB
NINTEDANIB4AURKB
SUNITINIB4AURKB
DASATINIB4AURKB
ERLOTINIB4AURKB
LAPATINIB4AURKB
QUIZARTINIB4AURKB
CRIZOTINIB4AURKB
MIDOSTAURIN4AURKB
INAMRINONE4AURKB
CABOZANTINIB4AURKB
LINSITINIB3AURKB
DACTOLISIB3AURKB
LINIFANIB3AURKB
ORANTINIB3AURKB
DEFACTINIB3AURKB

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
AURKB1,227Binding:1199, ADMET:22, Functional:6
GRM7110Binding:56, Functional:54
USP2519Binding:19
SMOX18Binding:15, ADMET:3
ANO28Binding:5, ADMET:3
PTBP31Binding:1
PKP11Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
SMOX1.5.3.16spermine oxidase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
AURKB1,227
GRM7110

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 17; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE4AURKB
FEDRATINIB4AURKB
TIVOZANIB4AURKB
LENVATINIB4AURKB
AXITINIB4AURKB
SORAFENIB4AURKB
ENTRECTINIB4AURKB
BELUMOSUDIL4AURKB
PACRITINIB4AURKB
FOSTAMATINIB4AURKB
TOFACITINIB4AURKB
VANDETANIB4AURKB
UPADACITINIB4AURKB
PEXIDARTINIB4AURKB
PAZOPANIB4AURKB
NINTEDANIB4AURKB
SUNITINIB4AURKB
DASATINIB4AURKB
ERLOTINIB4AURKB
LAPATINIB4AURKB
QUIZARTINIB4AURKB
CRIZOTINIB4AURKB
MIDOSTAURIN4AURKB
INAMRINONE4AURKB
CABOZANTINIB4AURKB
LINSITINIB3AURKB
DACTOLISIB3AURKB
LINIFANIB3AURKB
ORANTINIB3AURKB
DEFACTINIB3AURKB

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)1AURKB
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved1GRM7
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug3USP25, SMOX, SDK2
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug1SUSD1
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug11PTBP3, SNRPN, SNURF, ANO2, TNFRSF21, PLEKHG1, CLU, IQCE, CALCOCO1, SMAD1 (+1 more)

Undrugged target profiles

15 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
PTBP31—
SNRPN0—
SNURF0—
ANO28—
USP2519—
TNFRSF210—
SMOX18—
SDK20—
PLEKHG10—
CLU0—
SUSD10—
IQCE0—
CALCOCO10—
SMAD10—
PKP11—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 217.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified147
PHASE429
PHASE215
PHASE312
PHASE2/PHASE38
PHASE14
PHASE1/PHASE22

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT05737511PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGEfficacy of Hydroxyzine for Patients With Panic Disorder
NCT00031317PHASE4COMPLETEDEvaluation of Clonazepam and Paroxetine for Panic Disorder With Depression
NCT00167479PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study of Risperidone Monotherapy in Bipolar Anxiety
NCT00182533PHASE4TERMINATEDSertraline in Generalized Social Phobia With Co-Occurring Anxiety and Mood Disorders
NCT00198094PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study of Sertraline and Early Alprazolam XR Administration Versus Sertraline Only in Panic Disorder Patients
NCT00266409PHASE4COMPLETEDTrial to Compare Time to Response in the Symptoms of Anxiety to Concomitant Treatment With Niravam™ and an SSRI or SNRI to Treatment With an SSRI or SNRI Alone in Subjects With Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Panic Disorder
NCT00347269PHASE4COMPLETEDPrimary Care Intervention Strategy for Anxiety Disorders
NCT00352469PHASE4COMPLETEDTrial of Seroquel SR for Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Anxiety
NCT00438386PHASE4COMPLETEDAripiprazole for the Treatment of Refractory Anxiety
NCT00438971PHASE4COMPLETEDThe Efficacy and Tolerability of Duloxetine for the Treatment of Panic Disorder
NCT00492414PHASE4UNKNOWNCosts of Lost Productive Time Among Korean Workers With Panic Disorder and Effect of Treatment With Paroxetine Controlled Release
NCT00540098PHASE4COMPLETEDParoxetine vs Placebo Combined With Aerobic Exercise or Relaxation in Panic Disorder
NCT00579280PHASE4COMPLETEDQuetiapine SR and Divalproex Sodium ER in the Treatment of Anxiety in Bipolar Disorder With Panic Disorder and/or GAD
NCT00619892PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study of Quetiapine SR (Seroquel SR) to Treat SSRI-Resistant, Comorbid Panic Disorder Patients
NCT00634790PHASE4TERMINATEDA Study To Assess the Safety of Extended Release Alprazolam for the Treatment of Adolescents With Panic Disorder or Anxiety With Panic Attacks
NCT00635076PHASE4TERMINATEDA Study to Assess the Long-term Use of Alprazolam Extended Release (XL) in the Treatment of Adolescents With Panic Disorder
NCT00635531PHASE4TERMINATEDA Study to Evaluate the Use of Extended Release Alprazolam in the Treatment of Adolescents With Panic Disorder
NCT00677352PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study Of Sertraline Compared With Paroxetine In The Treatment Of Panic Disorder
NCT00767754PHASE4COMPLETEDChanges of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism After 12 Weeks of Paroxetine Treatment in Panic Disorder
NCT00767871PHASE4COMPLETEDChanges of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and After 12 Weeks of Escitalpram Treatment in Panic Disorder
NCT00803400PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy of Aerobic Exercise Added to Alprazolam in Panic Disorder Treatment
NCT01172652PHASE4COMPLETEDZiprasidone in Bipolar Disorder With Comorbid Lifetime Panic or Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)
NCT01201967PHASE4COMPLETEDA Collaborative Care Program to Improve Treatment of Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiac Patients
NCT01551225PHASE4COMPLETEDEscitalopram Trial for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Patients With Panic Disorder
NCT02395510PHASE4COMPLETEDA 10-Week, Open-Label, Flexible Dose Adaptive Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Vortioxetine in Subjects With Panic Disorder
NCT02593682PHASE4COMPLETEDThe Role of Orexin in Human Panic Disorder
NCT02852577PHASE4COMPLETEDLong Term Treatment of Panic Disorder With Clonazepam or Paroxetine
NCT03522844PHASE4COMPLETEDTreatments for Anxiety: Meditation and Escitalopram
NCT03785223PHASE4COMPLETEDA 14 Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Controlled Release Capsules in Adult ADHD With and Without Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity
NCT00000368PHASE3COMPLETEDTreatment of Panic Disorder: Long Term Strategies
NCT00038896PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy Evaluating Venlafaxine ER in Adults With Panic Disorder
NCT00044772PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy Evaluating Venlafaxine ER in Patients With Panic Disorder
NCT00102427PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDImproving Quality of Primary Care for Patients With Anxiety and/or Panic Disorders
NCT00118417PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDTherapies for Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder Symptoms
NCT00128388PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDPsychodynamic Therapy for Treating Panic Disorder
NCT00158327PHASE3COMPLETEDTelephone-Based Care Management Program for Individuals With Anxiety Disorders
NCT00195598PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy Comparing Venlafaxine vs. Paroxetine in Panic Disorder
NCT00279617PHASE3COMPLETEDLevetiracetam Treatment of Panic Disorder and Lactate-Induced Panic Attacks
NCT00344474PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDPersonality-targeted Interventions for Adolescent Alcohol Misuse
NCT00353470PHASE3COMPLETEDComparison of Psychotherapy Programs to Treat Panic Disorder

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
PAROXETINE419
SERTRALINE47
ALPRAZOLAM43
CYCLOSERINE43
HYDROXYZINE43
VENLAFAXINE43
ZIPRASIDONE43
CLONAZEPAM42
ESCITALOPRAM42
IMIPRAMINE42
ARIPIPRAZOLE41
CITALOPRAM41
CLOZAPINE41
DIVALPROEX SODIUM41
DULOXETINE41
ISOPROTERENOL41
LEVETIRACETAM41
METHYLPHENIDATE41
QUETIAPINE41
RAMELTEON41
RISPERIDONE41
SUVOREXANT41
VORTIOXETINE41
XENON41
ARTEMISININ31
CARBON DIOXIDE31
LEVCYCLOSERINE23
DARIGABAT21
ETIRACETAM21
ORG-2593521

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.2
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 73

This page pulls from 73 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

alphafoldantibodybgeebgee_evidencebindingdbbiogrid_interactionbrendabrenda_kineticscellosauruschembl_activitychembl_assaychembl_documentchembl_moleculechembl_targetcivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclinical_trialsclinvarctd_gene_interactiondbsnpdepmapdiamond_similaritydoidefoensemblentrezesm2_similarityfantom5_genefantom5_promotergenccgenerifgogtopdbgtopdb_interactiongwasgwas_studyhgncicd10cmicd11intactinterpromedgenmeshmimmondomondochildmondoparentncitorphanetpatentpatent_compoundpdbpfampharmgkb_clinicalpharmgkb_genepharmgkb_guidelinepharmgkb_variantpubchempubchem_activitypubchem_assayreactomerefseqrhearnacentralsctidscxa_expressionscxa_gene_experimentsignorstring_interactiontranscriptufeatureumlsuniprot