Pelvic inflammatory disease
disease diseaseOn this page
Also known as PID
Summary
Pelvic inflammatory disease (MONDO:0000922) is a disease with 6 GWAS associations across 29 studies and 29 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include azithromycin, levofloxacin anhydrous, and ofloxacin. A subtype of female reproductive system disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 6
- Clinical trials: 29
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0000922 |
| EFO | EFO:1001388 |
| MeSH | D000292 |
| DOID | DOID:1003 |
| ICD-10-CM | N70-N77 |
| NCIT | C3889 |
| SNOMED CT | 198130006 |
| UMLS | C0242172 |
| MedGen | 66845 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: pelvic inflammatory disease · PID
Data availability: 6 GWAS associations (29 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of female reproductive system disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › reproductive system disorder › female reproductive system disorder › pelvic inflammatory disease
Related subtypes (33): ectopic pregnancy, endosalpingiosis, vaginal disorder, prolapse of female genital organ, Allen-Masters syndrome, fallopian tube disorder, vulvar disease, uterine disorder, gynatresia, Bartholin duct cyst, ovarian disorder, hymen, imperforate, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, mammary-digital-nail syndrome, Asherman syndrome, uterine cervical aplasia and agenesis, longitudinal vaginal septum, transverse vaginal septum, polycystic ovaries-urethral sphincter dysfunction syndrome, granulomatous mastitis, vaginal atresia, mullerian aplasia, vulvovaginal gingival syndrome, isolated partial vaginal agenesis, female infertility, female reproductive system neoplasm, polyp of vulva, vulval varices, vulvodynia, menstrual cycle-dependent periodic fever, Bartholin’s gland disease, delayed puberty, self-limited, menstrual disorder
Subtypes (4): salpingitis, acute female pelvic peritonitis, parametritis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
6 GWAS associations across 29 studies. Top hits map to 2 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs554320293 | 6e-10 | GPR149 - SYPL1P1 | ? | |
| rs755822 | 5e-09 | LPP | ? | |
| rs79241065 | 5e-08 | FAM81A | ? | |
| rs143921268 | 6e-08 | MIR3668 - MIR4465 | ? | |
| rs11260001 | 2e-07 | PNPLA6 - CAMSAP3 | ? | |
| rs76963645 | 4e-07 | LINC01163 - LINC02667 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90693148 | Kiewa J | 2023 | 21,369 | 226,571 | A common genetic factor underlies genetic risk for gynaecological and reproductive disorders and is correlated with risk to depression. |
| GCST90454207 | Pujol Gualdo N | 2025 | 14,027 | 274,167 | Atlas of genetic and phenotypic associations across 42 female reproductive health diagnoses. |
| GCST90454210 | Pujol Gualdo N | 2025 | 7,136 | 280,539 | Atlas of genetic and phenotypic associations across 42 female reproductive health diagnoses. |
| GCST90436482 | Zhou W | 2018 | 6,204 | 399,757 | Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies. |
| GCST90478681 | Verma A | 2024 | 5,121 | 8,628 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480926 | Verma A | 2024 | 5,121 | 8,628 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90478682 | Verma A | 2024 | 4,605 | 23,435 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90651741 | Liu TY | 2025 | 4,369 | 116,027 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90080645 | Backman JD | 2021 | 3,315 | 207,461 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90084631 | Backman JD | 2021 | 3,315 | 207,461 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 6 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 3 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 3 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intergenic_variant | 3 |
| intron_variant | 3 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs554320293 | 3 | 154595735 | T>G | intergenic_variant | GPR149 - SYPL1P1 | 6e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs755822 | 3 | 188571596 | T>A,C | 0.05 | intron_variant | LPP | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs79241065 | 15 | 59462395 | A>T | intron_variant | FAM81A | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs143921268 | 6 | 140234301 | AATT>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | MIR3668 - MIR4465 | 6e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11260001 | 19 | 7586555 | A>C,G,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | PNPLA6 - CAMSAP3 | 2e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs76963645 | 10 | 128672876 | C>A | intergenic_variant | LINC01163 - LINC02667 | 4e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease
1 approved drug — disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Status |
|---|---|
| Azithromycin | Approved (phase 4) |
4 drugs in clinical trials for this disease (phase 2–3, investigational): efficacy not established — a trial record, not an indication.
| Drug | Highest phase |
|---|---|
| Metronidazole | Phase 3 |
| Moxifloxacin | Phase 3 |
| Ofloxacin | Phase 3 |
| Ceftriaxone | Phase 2 |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 29.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 16 |
| PHASE4 | 5 |
| PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE2 | 3 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 1 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01241110 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | To Compare Ofloxacin With Azitromycin for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treatment |
| NCT01799356 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Moxifloxacin Versus Ofloxacin Plus Metronidazole in Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trials |
| NCT03391440 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | A Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Morinidazole in Women With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT04031664 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | A Clinical Study on Qianjin Capsule of Gynaecology Combined With Antibiotics for Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (Damp-heat Stasis and Qi Deficiency Syndrome) |
| NCT04035785 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | A Clinical Study on Kangfu Anti-inflammatory Suppository of Gynaecology Combined With Antibiotics for Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (Evidence of Dampness and Heat Accumulation) |
| NCT00453349 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Trial Comparing Moxifloxacin Versus Levofloxacin Plus Metronidazole In Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT00683865 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Treatment With Moxifloxacin. |
| NCT00871494 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study Of Azithromycin Intravenous Formulation Against Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) In Japan |
| NCT01160640 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The Importance of Anti-anaerobic Therapy for Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
| NCT02972151 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Clinical Research of TCM on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Sequelae |
| NCT03330795 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Bilateral Orthotopic Lung Transplant - Bone Marrow Transplant |
| NCT04723069 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Fuke Qianjin Capsule in Patients With Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases |
| NCT03054402 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | First in Human Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and to Explore Pharmacodynamics of BAY1834845 |
| NCT03828994 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Technology Based Community Health Nursing(TECH-N) to Prevent Recurrent STIs After PID II |
| NCT04567771 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Comparison of Proton or Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy After Surgery for Endometrial or Cervical Cancer |
| NCT06360965 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Clinical Trial of Acupoint Application in Improving the Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Chronic Pelvic Pain |
| NCT06756568 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | The Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasound in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
| NCT00115388 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Community-Based Trial of Screening for Chlamydia Trachomatis to Prevent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT00783419 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Rate of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease at St. Michael’s Hospital |
| NCT01236131 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Role of Novel Organisms in Acute Endometritis |
| NCT01299259 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Improving Primary Care Follow-up for Patients With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT01640379 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Technology Enhanced Community Health Nursing (TECH-N) Study |
| NCT01671280 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Drug Use Investigation Of Azithromycin IV For Pneumonia Or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Regulatory Post Marketing Commitment Plan) |
| NCT01793584 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Surgical Success After Laparoscopic vs Abdominal Hysterectomy |
| NCT03797911 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Resistive Capacitive Monopolar Radiofrequency in the Physiotherapeutic Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain: RCT |
| NCT03994055 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of an Anti-inflammatory Diet on Patients With Cervical Cancer |
| NCT04234945 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Effect of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Hysterosalpingography on Post Procedure Morbidity |
| NCT05408624 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Pilot Study Evaluating Outpatient Management of Tubo-ovarian Abscesses |
| NCT05648747 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in COVID-19 Era |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| AZITHROMYCIN | 4 | 2 |
| LEVOFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS | 4 | 2 |
| OFLOXACIN | 4 | 2 |
| CEFTRIAXONE | 4 | 1 |
| METRONIDAZOLE | 4 | 1 |
| MOXIFLOXACIN | 4 | 1 |
| LACTOSE, ANHYDROUS | 3 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4127074 | 0 | 2 |
| MORINIDAZOLE | -1 | 1 |