Plague

Summary

Plague (MONDO:0019095) is a disease and 9 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. A subtype of primary bacterial infectious disease — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
• Phenotypes (HPO): 55
• Clinical trials: 9

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

4 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Annual incidence	1-9 / 100 000	2.2	Europe	Validated
Cases/families		237	Africa	Validated
Cases/families		6	Latin America	Validated
Cases/families		2	South East Asia	Validated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

55 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 50 by frequency):

HPO ID	Term	Frequency
HP:0001945	Fever	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002840	Lymphadenitis	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0012378	Fatigue	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000739	Anxiety	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000958	Dry skin	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001649	Tachycardia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001744	Splenomegaly	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002039	Anorexia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002240	Hepatomegaly	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002315	Headache	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0004372	Reduced consciousness/confusion	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0008066	Abnormal blistering of the skin	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0011355	Localized skin lesion	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0020084	Carbuncle	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0025143	Chills	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0030953	Conjunctival hyperemia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0031258	Delirium	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0031864	Bacteremia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0100749	Chest pain	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0200042	Skin ulcer	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000206	Glossitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000716	Depression	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000969	Edema	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000988	Skin rash	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001259	Coma	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001350	Slurred speech	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001892	Abnormal bleeding	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002013	Vomiting	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002014	Diarrhea	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002027	Abdominal pain	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002037	Inflammation of the large intestine	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002098	Respiratory distress	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002105	Hemoptysis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002248	Hematemesis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002317	Unsteady gait	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002615	Hypotension	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002829	Arthralgia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0004387	Enterocolitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0009811	Abnormality of the elbow	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0011499	Mydriasis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0011675	Arrhythmia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0011949	Acute infectious pneumonia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0012219	Erythema nodosum	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0025043	Enlarged mesenteric lymph node	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0025085	Bloody diarrhea	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0032564	Ileitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0040181	Chapped lip	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0100806	Sepsis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001287	Meningitis	Very rare (<1-4%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	plague
Mondo ID	MONDO:0019095
EFO	EFO:0009425
MeSH	D010930
Orphanet	707
DOID	DOID:3482
ICD-10-CM	A20
ICD-11	1596449540
NCIT	C85015
SNOMED CT	58750007
UMLS	C0032064
MedGen	10785
GARD	0018702
MedDRA	10035148, 10061416
NORD	1583
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: plague · Yersiniosis

Disease family

This is a subtype of primary bacterial infectious disease. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious disease › bacterial infectious disease › primary bacterial infectious disease › plague

Related subtypes (36): Buruli ulcer disease, sennetsu fever, salmonellosis, pinta disease, chancroid, gonorrhea, anthrax infection, leprosy, botulism, diphtheria, tetanus, bartonellosis, brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, glanders, granuloma inguinale, legionellosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, ornithosis, rhinoscleroma, staphyloenterotoxemia, syphilis, cholera, ehrlichiosis, melioidosis, tuberculosis, tularemia, Q fever, shigellosis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, spirillary rat-bite fever, streptobacillary rat-bite fever, Borrelia miyamotoi disease

Subtypes (3): pneumonic plague, bubonic plague, septicemic plague

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 3 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Ciprofloxacin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Gentamicin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Streptomycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 9.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE2	4
PHASE1	2
Not specified	2
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00128466	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Treatment and Diagnosis of Plague
NCT01243437	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Plague in Humans
NCT02596308	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of Subunit Plague Vaccine
NCT05330624	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity and Safety of Subunit Vaccine of Plague Vaccine With Two Immunization Regimens
NCT05506969	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Trial of the Immunogenicity, Safety, and Tolerability of rF1V Vaccine With CpG 1018® Adjuvant Compared With rF1V Vaccine in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age
NCT00246467	PHASE1	COMPLETED	One Year Study to Evaluate Three Different Adjuvanted Doses of the Recombinant Plague Vaccine (rF1 and rV Antigens)
NCT01381744	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Dose Escalation Trial of a Plague Vaccine, Flagellin/F1/V, in Healthy Adult Volunteers
NCT07174648	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Testing of a New Rapid Antigen Test for Plague in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
NCT04688996	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Yersinia Pestis Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Blood Samples

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CIPROFLOXACIN	4	1
GENTAMICIN	4	1
STREPTOMYCIN	4	1
PLAGUE VACCINE	2	1
CHEMBL195892	0	1
CHEMBL3039597	0	1
GENTAMICIN C1A	0	1
GENTAMICIN C2	0	1