Poliomyelitis

Summary

Poliomyelitis (MONDO:0017373) is a disease with 1 GWAS associations across 2 studies and 240 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide conjugated to corynebacterium diphtheriae crm197, rotavirus, live attenuated, and hepatitis b virus hbsag surface protein antigen. A subtype of myelitis — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000 (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
• GWAS associations: 1
• Phenotypes (HPO): 53
• Clinical trials: 240

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

2 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Annual incidence	<1 / 1 000 000		Europe	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000		Europe	Not yet validated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

53 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 50 by frequency):

HPO ID	Term	Frequency
HP:0001324	Muscle weakness	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0012531	Pain	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001284	Areflexia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001287	Meningitis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001348	Brisk reflexes	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001945	Fever	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002013	Vomiting	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002018	Nausea	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002039	Anorexia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002315	Headache	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002829	Arthralgia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0003202	Skeletal muscle atrophy	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0003326	Myalgia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0003470	Paralysis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0003546	Exercise intolerance	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0004302	Functional motor deficit	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0007340	Lower limb muscle weakness	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0009004	Hypoplasia of the musculature	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0010547	Muscle flaccidity	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0011805	Abnormal skeletal muscle morphology	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0012378	Fatigue	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0012486	Myelitis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0025258	Stiff neck	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0025439	Pharyngitis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0031469	Low self esteem	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0040131	Abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001283	Bulbar palsy	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001618	Dysphonia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002015	Dysphagia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002374	Diminished movement	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002380	Fasciculations	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002385	Paraparesis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002483	Bulbar signs	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002487	Hyperkinetic movements	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002540	Inability to walk	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002590	Paralytic ileus	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002721	Immunodeficiency	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002878	Respiratory failure	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003401	Paresthesia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003484	Upper limb muscle weakness	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0004887	Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0006824	Cranial nerve paralysis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0030196	Fatigable weakness of respiratory muscles	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0030813	Absent tonsils	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0031058	Impairment of activities of daily living	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000713	Agitation	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0000737	Irritability	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0000822	Hypertension	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001259	Coma	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001289	Confusion	Very rare (<1-4%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	poliomyelitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0017373
EFO	EFO:0007450
MeSH	D011051
Orphanet	2912
DOID	DOID:4953
ICD-11	588527933
NCIT	C35550
SNOMED CT	398102009
UMLS	C0032371
MedGen	18545
GARD	0007413
MedDRA	10036012
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: acute poliomyelitis · infantile paralysis · Polia · polio · poliomyelitis

Data availability: 1 GWAS association (2 studies).

Disease family

This is a subtype of myelitis. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › central nervous system disorder › spinal cord disorder › myelitis › poliomyelitis

Related subtypes (3): acute transverse myelitis, transverse myelitis, acute flaccid myelitis

Subtypes (3): paralytic poliomyelitis, acute nonparalytic poliomyelitis, postpoliomyelitis syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

1 GWAS associations across 2 studies. Top hits map to 0 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs139842311	1e-07	CLDN23 - MFHAS1	?

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90473040	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	498	457,942	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90651851	Liu TY	2025	284	235,960	Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	1

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	0
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	1

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs139842311	8	8725354	T>C,G		intron_variant	CLDN23 - MFHAS1	1e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

1 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Hepatitis B Virus Hbsag Surface Protein Antigen	Approved (phase 4)
Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Poliovirus Vaccine Live Oral.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 240.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	85
PHASE4	57
Not specified	42
PHASE2	31
PHASE1	14
PHASE1/PHASE2	6
PHASE2/PHASE3	5

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06460545	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Phase IV Study of Concomitant Administration of the sIPV and HepA
NCT06748612	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Immunogenicity of Different Primary Immunization Schedules with Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) Plus Pentavalent Vaccine (DTwP-HBV-Hib) or with Hexavalent Vaccine (DTwP-HBV-Hib-IPV)
NCT06920069	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Study of Concomitant Administration of the sIPV and DTaP or MMR
NCT07354269	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Phase IV Clinical Study of sIPV Administration in Adolescent and Adult Populations
NCT07457060	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Phase IV Clinical Study of Sequential Vaccination of Sabin Strain and Wild Strain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
NCT00254917	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessment of the Immunogenicity and Safety of PENTAXIM™ in Philippines
NCT00255021	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of Sanofi Pasteur Pentaxim Combined Vaccine in Infants in Thailand
NCT00304265	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-marketing Evaluation of Reactions Following Receipt of Recommended Adolescent Pertussis Vaccine
NCT00325156	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assess the Safety & Reactogenicity of DTPa-IPV/Hib Vaccine Administered at 3, 4, 5 & 18 Mths of Age, in Healthy Infants
NCT00514059	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a Booster Dose (5th) of Diphteria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Polio Vaccine
NCT00611559	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of a New Formulation of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib Vaccine Administered as a Booster Dose to 18-23 Months Old Children
NCT00635128	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity of a Booster Dose of GSK Biological’s Boostrix-Polio Vaccine
NCT00753649	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of GSK Biologicals’ Infanrix Hexa in Infants
NCT00802867	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of DAPTACEL® Administered as a 5th Dose in 4 to 6-Year-Old Children Previously Immunized With PENTACEL™
NCT01031303	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of TETRAXIM™ Given as a Booster Dose at 4 to 6 Years of Age
NCT01094171	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Safety of Co-administration of GSK Biologicals’ Poliorix and Infanrix in Healthy Children in Russia
NCT01244464	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Safety of IMOVAX Polio™ in China
NCT01278433	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety Study of IMOVAX Polio Vaccine in Selected Cities in China
NCT01323959	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of Booster Dose of BoostrixTM Polio Vaccine in Previously Boosted Adults
NCT01358825	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Antibody Persistence in Children Previously Vaccinated With Infanrix Hexa™ or Infanrix-IPV/Hib™
NCT01437423	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Regulatory Post-Marketing Surveillance Study for TETRAXIM™
NCT01457547	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of INFANRIX™ HEXA and HEXAVAC™ Vaccines as a Primary Vaccination Course
NCT01475539	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Sequential Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Followed by Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine Versus Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine
NCT01491087	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety of PENTAXIM® Given as a Three-Dose Primary Vaccination at 2, 3, and 4 Months of Age in Infants in China
NCT01546909	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antibody Persistence to REVAXIS or DT Polio and Immune Response to TETRAVAC-ACELLULAIRE
NCT01831050	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity of 1 or 2 Doses of IPV in Latin American Infants Primed With Bivalent OPV Vaccine
NCT01841671	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity of 1 or 2 Doses of bOPV in Chilean Infants Primed With IPV Vaccine
NCT01847872	PHASE4	COMPLETED	IPV Clinical Trial - The Gambia
NCT01908114	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	To Develop, Implement and Evaluate the Polio Demonstration Project Comprising of a Community Based Intervention Package for Polio Eradication in Pakistan
NCT02005536	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of IMOVAX POLIO® Subcutaneous as a Booster Vaccine in Pre-school Age Children in Japan
NCT02189811	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Polio End-game Strategies - Poliovirus Type 2 Challenge Study
NCT02412514	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intestinal and Humoral Immunity of Sequential Polio Vaccination Schedules
NCT02422264	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety Study of Infanrix Hexa in Healthy Infants Born to Mothers Vaccinated With Boostrix™ During Pregnancy or Immediately Post-delivery
NCT02580201	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of tOPV in 1 to 5 Years and at 6 Weeks of Age
NCT02582255	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Monovalent OPV2 in Children Aged 1 to 5 Years in Lithuania
NCT02643368	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity of Monovalent Type 2 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
NCT02847026	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Fractional Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster and Rotavirus Study
NCT02853929	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose of Infanrix Hexa™ in Healthy Infants Born to Mothers Vaccinated With Boostrix™ During Pregnancy or Immediately Post-delivery
NCT03147560	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety Evaluation of Different Sequential Immunization Strategies by Sabin IPV and bOPV in Chinese Infants
NCT03202719	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Duration of IPV Priming and Antibody Decay

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATED TO CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE CRM197	4	5
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE ATTENUATED	4	4
HEPATITIS B VIRUS HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN	4	2
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE	4	1
ZINC SULFATE	4	1
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B STRAIN 20752 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN	3	1
LACTOFERRIN, BOVINE	3	1
POLIOVIRUS VACCINE INACTIVATED	3	1