Prion disease

disease

On this page

Also known as spongiform encephalopathy

Summary

Prion disease (MONDO:0005429) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 10 Mondo subtypes) with 10 cohort genes (18 GWAS associations across 4 studies) and 6 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include quinacrine.

At a glance

Umbrella term: 10 Mondo subtypes
Cohort genes: 10
GWAS associations: 18
Clinical trials: 6

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	prion disease
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005429
EFO	EFO:0004720
MeSH	D017096
DOID	DOID:649
NCIT	C128346
SNOMED CT	230284004
UMLS	C0162534
MedGen	56445
GARD	0024183
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: spongiform encephalopathy

Data availability: 18 GWAS associations (4 studies).

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 10 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › central nervous system disorder › brain disorder › prion disease

Subtypes (10): Creutzfeldt Jacob disease, kuru, scrapie, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, Huntington disease-like 1, spongiform encephalopathy with neuropsychiatric features, familial Alzheimer-like prion disease, PrP systemic amyloidosis, sporadic fatal insomnia

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

18 GWAS associations across 4 studies. Top hits map to 12 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs1799990	7e-07	PRNP	?	1.3
rs10509125	1e-06	ANK3	?	2.09
rs9857275	2e-06	PXYLP1, ZBTB38	?	1.28
rs7789850	2e-06	AGK	?	4.6
rs488333	3e-06	SEMA3A	?	1.27
rs1055569	3e-06	HCP5	?	2.36
rs12570947	4e-06	LINC01435	?	1.45
rs12789145	4e-06	PIWIL4-AS1	?
rs561437	5e-06	COL4A1	?	2.04
rs2903698	6e-06	LINC02483 - RCHY1	?	1.25
rs12761224	6e-06	ADAMTS14 - TBATA	?	1.39
rs6867820	6e-06	MGC32805 - LINC02201	?	2.24
rs7151968	6e-06	LINC00648 - RNU6-297P	?	2.12
rs17763373	7e-06	CPEB4	?	1.51
rs730566	7e-06	TMA7 - ATRIP	?	1.27
rs10108954	7e-06	MFHAS1	?	1.74
rs8105815	8e-06	CYP2T3P - RPL36P16	?	1.39
rs2071598	9e-06	RIDA - POP1	?	1.26

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST001366	Mead S	2011	1,281	6,015	Genome-wide association study in multiple human prion diseases suggests genetic risk factors additional to PRNP.
GCST002862	Thompson AG	2015	170	5,200	Genome-wide association study of behavioural and psychiatric features in human prion disease.
GCST002866	Thompson AG	2015	170	5,200	Genome-wide association study of behavioural and psychiatric features in human prion disease.
GCST002871	Thompson AG	2015	170	5,200	Genome-wide association study of behavioural and psychiatric features in human prion disease.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	1
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	1
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	16

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	17
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	1
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	0

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	14
intergenic_variant	2
missense_variant	1
regulatory_region_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs1799990	20	4699605	A>G	0.05	missense_variant	PRNP	7e-07	Tier 1: coding
rs10509125	10	60167108	C>A	0.402	intron_variant	ANK3	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9857275	3	141359346	C>A	0.05	intron_variant	PXYLP1, ZBTB38	2e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7789850	7	141600811	T>C	0.026	intron_variant	AGK	2e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs488333	7	84281955	G>A,C	0.05	intron_variant	SEMA3A	3e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1055569	6	31472305	C>G,T	0.291	intron_variant	HCP5	3e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12570947	10	107810092	T>A,C	0.05	intron_variant	LINC01435	4e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12789145	11	94674570	T>C,G	0.084	intron_variant	PIWIL4-AS1	4e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs561437	13	110283880	T>C	0.499	intron_variant	COL4A1	5e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2903698	4	75407765	A>G,T	0.05	intron_variant	LINC02483 - RCHY1	6e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12761224	10	70767761	G>T	0.05	intergenic_variant	ADAMTS14 - TBATA	6e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6867820	5	122518830	C>T	0.224	intron_variant	MGC32805 - LINC02201	6e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7151968	14	48132233	G>A,C,T	0.205	intergenic_variant	LINC00648 - RNU6-297P	6e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17763373	5	173932328	A>G	0.05	intron_variant	CPEB4	7e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs730566	3	48445644	C>A,G,T	0.05	intron_variant	TMA7 - ATRIP	7e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10108954	8	8864868	C>T	0.05	intron_variant	MFHAS1	7e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs8105815	19	41167943	G>A,T	0.05	intron_variant	CYP2T3P - RPL36P16	8e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2071598	8	98117279	G>A,C,T	0.05	regulatory_region_variant	RIDA - POP1	9e-06	Tier 3: regulatory

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 20 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 1

Dual-evidence genes (GWAS + Mendelian — highest-confidence targets)

Gene	HGNC	Evidence routes
PRNP	PRNP	GWAS, Orphanet

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
SEMA3A	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
SEMA3A	Orphanet:478	Kallmann syndrome
AGK	Orphanet:1369	Congenital cataract-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-mitochondrial myopathy syndrome
AGK	Orphanet:98994	Total early-onset cataract
COL4A1	Orphanet:36383	COL4A1/2-related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy
COL4A1	Orphanet:477749	Pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy
COL4A1	Orphanet:481986	Familial schizencephaly
COL4A1	Orphanet:73229	HANAC syndrome
COL4A1	Orphanet:75326	Familial isolated retinal arteriolar tortuosity
COL4A1	Orphanet:899	Walker-Warburg syndrome
COL4A1	Orphanet:99810	Familial porencephaly
ANK3	Orphanet:356996	ANK3-related intellectual disability-sleep disturbance syndrome
PRNP	Orphanet:157941	Huntington disease-like 1
PRNP	Orphanet:280397	Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease
PRNP	Orphanet:282166	Inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
PRNP	Orphanet:356	Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
PRNP	Orphanet:397606	PrP systemic amyloidosis
PRNP	Orphanet:454745	Kuru
PRNP	Orphanet:466	Fatal familial insomnia
RASA2	Orphanet:648	Noonan syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

10 cohort genes, 9 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
gwas_only	10

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
SEMA3A	HGNC:10723	ENSG00000075213	Q14563	Semaphorin-3A	gwas
SNCAIP	HGNC:11139	ENSG00000064692	Q9Y6H5	Synphilin-1	gwas
PIWIL4	HGNC:18444	ENSG00000134627	Q7Z3Z4	Piwi-like protein 4	gwas
AGK	HGNC:21869	ENSG00000006530	Q53H12	Acylglycerol kinase, mitochondrial	gwas
COL4A1	HGNC:2202	ENSG00000187498	P02462	Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain	gwas
ZBTB38	HGNC:26636	ENSG00000177311	Q8NAP3	Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 38	gwas
HCG26	HGNC:29671			HLA complex group 26	gwas
ANK3	HGNC:494	ENSG00000151150	Q12955	Ankyrin-3	gwas
PRNP	HGNC:9449	ENSG00000171867	F7VJQ1	Alternative prion protein	gwas
RASA2	HGNC:9872	ENSG00000155903	Q15283	Ras GTPase-activating protein 2	gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
SEMA3A	Semaphorin-3A	Involved in the development of the olfactory system and in neuronal control of puberty.
SNCAIP	Synphilin-1	Isoform 2 inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of SIAH1 and inhibits proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
PIWIL4	Piwi-like protein 4	Plays a central role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity.
AGK	Acylglycerol kinase, mitochondrial	Lipid kinase that can phosphorylate both monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol to form lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phosphatidic acid (PA), respectively.
COL4A1	Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain	Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a ‘chicken-wire’ meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen.
ZBTB38	Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 38	Transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity.
ANK3	Ankyrin-3	Membrane-cytoskeleton linker.
RASA2	Ras GTPase-activating protein 2	Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 4 · Unknown: 4 · Druggable fraction: 0.2

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Scaffold/PPI	2	3.5×	0.433
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	1	2.9×	0.433
Kinase	1	2.8×	0.433
Transcription factor	2	1.6×	0.433
Other/Unknown	4	0.7×	0.907

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
SEMA3A	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		Semap_dom, Ig_sub, Ig-like_dom
SNCAIP	Scaffold/PPI	no		Ankyrin_rpt, SNCAIP_SNCA-bd, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf
PIWIL4	Other/Unknown	no		PAZ_dom, Piwi, RNaseH-like_sf
AGK	Kinase	yes	2.7.1.94	Diacylglycerol_kinase_cat_dom, NAD/diacylglycerol_kinase_sf, ATP-NAD_kinase_N
COL4A1	Other/Unknown	no		Collagen_IV_NC, Collagen, CTDL_fold
ZBTB38	Transcription factor	no		BTB/POZ_dom, SKP1/BTB/POZ_sf, Znf_C2H2_type
HCG26	Other/Unknown	no
ANK3	Scaffold/PPI	no		Death_dom, ZU5_dom, Ankyrin_rpt
PRNP	Other/Unknown	no		Prion, Prion_copper_b_octapeptide, Prion/Doppel_prot_b-ribbon_dom
RASA2	Transcription factor	no		C2_dom, Znf_Btk_motif, PH_domain

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 1.

9 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	9
unknown	1

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
pigmented layer of retina	2
superficial temporal artery	2
Brodmann (1909) area 23	2
colonic epithelium	1
cortical plate	1
stromal cell of endometrium	1
ganglionic eminence	1
germinal epithelium of ovary	1
ventricular zone	1
bone marrow	1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	1
primordial germ cell in gonad	1
adrenal tissue	1
cerebellar cortex	1
cerebellar hemisphere	1
placenta	1
right coronary artery	1
visceral pleura	1
seminal vesicle	1
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
SEMA3A	194	ubiquitous	marker	stromal cell of endometrium, cortical plate, colonic epithelium
SNCAIP	240	broad	marker	ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, germinal epithelium of ovary
PIWIL4	211	tissue_specific	marker	male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, bone marrow
AGK	161	ubiquitous	marker	adrenal tissue, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar cortex
COL4A1	283	ubiquitous	marker	visceral pleura, placenta, right coronary artery
ZBTB38	284	ubiquitous	marker	superficial temporal artery, seminal vesicle, pigmented layer of retina
HCG26
ANK3	298	ubiquitous	marker	endothelial cell, Brodmann (1909) area 23, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
PRNP	294	ubiquitous	marker	CA1 field of hippocampus, Brodmann (1909) area 23, pigmented layer of retina
RASA2	269	ubiquitous	marker	epithelium of nasopharynx, superficial temporal artery, trabecular bone tissue

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
ANK3	6,145
COL4A1	2,909
PRNP	2,594
AGK	2,341
PIWIL4	2,093
SEMA3A	2,069
ZBTB38	1,498
SNCAIP	1,456
RASA2	844
HCG26	0

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
RASA2	ZBTB38	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 6 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 1

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
PRNP	F7VJQ1	70
COL4A1	P02462	4
ZBTB38	Q8NAP3	2
SNCAIP	Q9Y6H5	1
AGK	Q53H12	1
ANK3	Q12955	1

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
PIWIL4	Q7Z3Z4	85.84
SEMA3A	Q14563	84.50
RASA2	Q15283	83.63

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 46. Enrichment computed across 10 evidence-associated genes (8 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
NCAM1 interactions	2	62.1×	0.020	COL4A1, PRNP
Anchoring fibril formation	1	95.2×	0.060	COL4A1
SEMA3A-Plexin repulsion signaling by inhibiting Integrin adhesion	1	95.2×	0.060	SEMA3A
Sema3A PAK dependent Axon repulsion	1	84.0×	0.060	SEMA3A
CRMPs in Sema3A signaling	1	79.3×	0.060	SEMA3A
Scavenging by Class A Receptors	1	75.1×	0.060	COL4A1
Fibronectin matrix formation	1	71.4×	0.060	COL4A1
Crosslinking of collagen fibrils	1	71.4×	0.060	COL4A1
Attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells	1	62.1×	0.060	COL4A1
Insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane	1	59.5×	0.060	PRNP
Semaphorin interactions	1	49.2×	0.060	SEMA3A
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis	1	49.2×	0.060	PIWIL4
Laminin interactions	1	47.6×	0.060	COL4A1
Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins	1	46.0×	0.060	ANK3
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis	1	42.0×	0.060	AGK
Regulation of CDH1 posttranslational processing and trafficking to plasma membrane	1	42.0×	0.060	ANK3
Axon guidance	2	11.3×	0.060	SEMA3A, ANK3
Nervous system development	2	10.7×	0.060	SEMA3A, ANK3
Collagen chain trimerization	1	32.4×	0.070	COL4A1
Signaling by PDGF	1	31.7×	0.070	COL4A1
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	1	31.0×	0.070	AGK
Phospholipid metabolism	1	25.0×	0.078	AGK
Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures	1	25.0×	0.078	COL4A1
Regulation of RAS by GAPs	1	24.2×	0.078	RASA2
Collagen degradation	1	22.0×	0.078	COL4A1
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes	1	21.3×	0.078	COL4A1
Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions	1	21.3×	0.078	AGK
Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions	1	19.3×	0.083	COL4A1
ECM proteoglycans	1	18.8×	0.083	COL4A1
Integrin cell surface interactions	1	16.8×	0.087	COL4A1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 9 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane	2	124.8×	0.007	ANK3, PRNP
neuromuscular junction development	2	117.0×	0.007	COL4A1, ANK3
positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling	1	936.2×	0.017	ANK3
regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance	1	936.2×	0.017	SEMA3A
maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane	1	936.2×	0.017	ANK3
regulation of inclusion body assembly	1	936.2×	0.017	SNCAIP
positive regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential	1	936.2×	0.017	ANK3
sensory system development	1	624.1×	0.017	SEMA3A
secondary piRNA processing	1	624.1×	0.017	PIWIL4
basal dendrite arborization	1	624.1×	0.017	SEMA3A
renal tubule morphogenesis	1	468.1×	0.017	COL4A1
membrane assembly	1	468.1×	0.017	ANK3
sympathetic neuron projection guidance	1	468.1×	0.017	SEMA3A
protein localization to axon	1	374.5×	0.017	ANK3
regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway	1	374.5×	0.017	PRNP
negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	1	374.5×	0.017	PRNP
trigeminal nerve structural organization	1	312.1×	0.017	SEMA3A
positive regulation of membrane potential	1	312.1×	0.017	ANK3
sympathetic neuron projection extension	1	312.1×	0.017	SEMA3A
negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity	1	312.1×	0.017	ANK3
negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance	1	312.1×	0.017	PRNP
regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane	1	312.1×	0.017	PRNP
positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion	1	267.5×	0.017	ANK3
retinal blood vessel morphogenesis	1	267.5×	0.017	COL4A1
cellular response to magnesium ion	1	267.5×	0.017	ANK3
cell death	1	234.1×	0.017	SNCAIP
branchiomotor neuron axon guidance	1	234.1×	0.017	SEMA3A
glycerolipid metabolic process	1	234.1×	0.017	AGK
magnesium ion homeostasis	1	208.1×	0.017	ANK3
facial nerve structural organization	1	208.1×	0.017	SEMA3A

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 10

Druggability breadth: 4 of 10 evidence-associated genes (40%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
SEMA3A	0	0
SNCAIP	0	0
PIWIL4	0	0
AGK	0	0
COL4A1	0	0
ZBTB38	0	0
HCG26	0	0
ANK3	0	0
PRNP	0	0
RASA2	0	0

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
AGK	19	Binding:19
SNCAIP	1	Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
AGK	2.7.1.94	acylglycerol kinase

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 10; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	0
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	1	AGK
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	1	SEMA3A
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	8	SNCAIP, PIWIL4, COL4A1, ZBTB38, HCG26, ANK3, PRNP, RASA2

Undrugged target profiles

10 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
SEMA3A	0	—
SNCAIP	1	—
PIWIL4	0	—
AGK	19	—
COL4A1	0	—
ZBTB38	0	—
HCG26	0	—
ANK3	0	—
PRNP	0	—
RASA2	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 6.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	4
PHASE1/PHASE2	1
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06153966	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	PrProfile: A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ION717
NCT07444580	PHASE1	RECRUITING	PrP-targeting siRNA Safety & Mechanism Study
NCT05124392	Not specified	RECRUITING	Biomarker Profiling in Individuals at Risk for Prion Disease
NCT00104663	Not specified	COMPLETED	PRION-1: Quinacrine for Human Prion Disease
NCT02629640	Not specified	COMPLETED	Enhanced CJD Surveillance in the Older Population
NCT02837705	Not specified	COMPLETED	Therapeutic Antibodies Against Prion Diseases From PRNP Mutation Carriers

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
QUINACRINE	4	1

Cohort genes: SEMA3A, SNCAIP, PIWIL4, AGK, COL4A1, ZBTB38, HCG26, ANK3, PRNP, RASA2
Drugs: Quinacrine