Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Summary

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (MONDO:0001660) is a disease with 4 cohort genes (44 GWAS associations across 4 studies) and 110 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include bevacizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, and faricimab.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 4
• GWAS associations: 44
• Clinical trials: 110

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Mondo ID	MONDO:0001660
EFO	EFO:0009322
DOID	DOID:13207
ICD-11	348602398
NCIT	C84457
SNOMED CT	59276001
UMLS	C0154830
MedGen	56347
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Data availability: 44 GWAS associations (4 studies).

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › retinal disorder › retinal vascular disorder › diabetic retinopathy › proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Related subtypes (2): background diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

44 GWAS associations across 4 studies. Top hits map to 22 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs3081219	1e-09	WDR72	C	1.29
rs115523882	9e-09	GOLIM4 - EGFEM1P	?	3.1
rs72740408	2e-08	LINC01720 - HNRNPA1P46	A	1.52
rs184340784	4e-08	LINC01777 - LINC01646	?
rs4726066	5e-08	PRKAG2	?
rs1065386	5e-08	HLA-B	C	1.17
rs137949823	6e-08	NNT - RNU6-381P	?	2.33
rs200295620	7e-08	GOLIM4 - EGFEM1P	?	1.39
rs1414474	1e-07	C1orf94	?	1.6
rs7533141	3e-07	GPATCH2	?	1.47
rs78340493	3e-07	RN7SL691P - RN7SL193P	?	1.66
rs78464534	3e-07	DPP10	?
rs1144964	4e-07	CPM	?	1.49
rs71354195	5e-07	ZFP82	?	1.5
rs73050171	5e-07	NAALADL2	?	1.5
rs114921230	5e-07	STUM	?	1.9
rs1000708	7e-07	SLC16A7	?
rs74161190	7e-07	Y_RNA - MIR378C	?	3.12
rs11201335	8e-07	RPS3AP5 - LINC01519	?	1.3
rs149201869	9e-07	FN1-DT - LINC00607	?	5.57
rs73228199	1e-06	CD96	?	2.78
rs11488711	1e-06	LINC02814	?	1.43
rs138683663	1e-06	SEC11C - GRP	?	4.9
rs75348186	1e-06	Y_RNA - MKNK2P1	?	1.9
rs7604016	1e-06	COMMD1	?	2.5
rs2064196	1e-06	TPT1P4 - UTRN	?	1.82
rs61811867	1e-06	KCNN3	?
rs116396065	1e-06	SNTB1-AS1 - RPL35AP19	?
rs201584991	1e-06	ZNF572 - SQLE-DT	?	1.63
rs74705672	1e-06	OC90	?	1.45

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST007289	Pollack S	2018	398	2,848	Multiethnic Genome-wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control.
GCST007291	Pollack S	2018	398	1,970	Multiethnic Genome-wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control.
GCST006283	Graham PS	2018	176	0	Genome-wide association studies for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
GCST008668	Liu C	2019	64	0	Genome-wide association study for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Africans.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	2
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	40

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	29
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	2
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	11

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	22
intergenic_variant	18
missense_variant	2

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs3081219	15	53583969	CAGAG>C,CAG	0.13	intron_variant	WDR72	1e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs115523882	3	168158417	A>G		intergenic_variant	GOLIM4 - EGFEM1P	9e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs72740408	1	191136701	G>A	0.03	intron_variant	LINC01720 - HNRNPA1P46	2e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs184340784	1	4529823	C>T		intergenic_variant	LINC01777 - LINC01646	4e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs4726066	7	151625186	G>A,C		intron_variant	PRKAG2	5e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1065386	6	31356770	G>A,C,T	0.43	missense_variant	HLA-B	5e-08	Tier 1: coding
rs137949823	5	43743007	G>A,C,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	NNT - RNU6-381P	6e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs200295620	3	168172398	AT>A,ATT		intergenic_variant	GOLIM4 - EGFEM1P	7e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1414474	1	34197810	C>A,G	0.05	missense_variant	C1orf94	1e-07	Tier 1: coding
rs7533141	1	217543535	T>C,G	0.05	intron_variant	GPATCH2	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs78340493	4	43636179	C>A	0.05	intergenic_variant	RN7SL691P - RN7SL193P	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs78464534	2	115234275	C>A,G		intron_variant	DPP10	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1144964	12	68944857	G>A,C,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	CPM	4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs71354195	19	36385416	G>C	0.05	intergenic_variant	ZFP82	5e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs73050171	3	174801688	G>A,C	0.05	intergenic_variant	NAALADL2	5e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs114921230	1	226595161	G>A	0.05	intron_variant	STUM	5e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1000708	12	59689707	C>A,T	0.05	intron_variant	SLC16A7	7e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs74161190	10	130737530	A>G	0.05	intron_variant	Y_RNA - MIR378C	7e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11201335	10	85018443	C>G,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	RPS3AP5 - LINC01519	8e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs149201869	2	215487796	T>A,C		intergenic_variant	FN1-DT - LINC00607	9e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs73228199	3	111597517	G>A	0.05	intron_variant	CD96	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11488711	1	229105486	C>T	0.05	intron_variant	LINC02814	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs138683663	18	59195550	C>T		intergenic_variant	SEC11C - GRP	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs75348186	10	36782685	T>C,G		intergenic_variant	Y_RNA - MKNK2P1	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7604016	2	61965000	T>A,C	0.05	intron_variant	COMMD1	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2064196	6	144266047	C>G,T	0.05	intron_variant	TPT1P4 - UTRN	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs61811867	1	154802768	C>T	0.05	intron_variant	KCNN3	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs116396065	8	121117030	T>A	0.05	intron_variant	SNTB1-AS1 - RPL35AP19	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs201584991	8	124979483	CATT>C		intergenic_variant	ZNF572 - SQLE-DT	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs74705672	8	132042380	A>T	0.05	intron_variant	OC90	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 8 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
WDR72	Orphanet:100033	Hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta
WDR72	Orphanet:402041	Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis
HLA-B	Orphanet:117	Behçet disease
HLA-B	Orphanet:275798	Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease
HLA-B	Orphanet:29207	Reactive arthritis
HLA-B	Orphanet:3287	Takayasu arteritis
HLA-B	Orphanet:36426	Stevens-Johnson syndrome
HLA-B	Orphanet:397	Giant cell arteritis

Cohort genes → proteins

4 cohort genes, 4 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
gwas_only	4

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
WDR72	HGNC:26790	ENSG00000166415	Q3MJ13	WD repeat-containing protein 72	gwas
GAP43	HGNC:4140	ENSG00000172020	P17677	Neuromodulin	gwas
HLA-B	HGNC:4932	ENSG00000234745	P01889	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	gwas
NRXN3	HGNC:8010	ENSG00000021645	Q9HDB5	Neurexin-3-beta	gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
WDR72	WD repeat-containing protein 72	Plays a major role in formation of tooth enamel.
GAP43	Neuromodulin	This protein is associated with nerve growth.
HLA-B	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule.
NRXN3	Neurexin-3-beta	Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 2 · Druggable fraction: 0.25

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	1	7.3×	0.318
Scaffold/PPI	1	4.3×	0.318
Other/Unknown	2	0.9×	0.769

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
WDR72	Scaffold/PPI	no		WD40_rpt, WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf, WD40_repeat_CS
GAP43	Other/Unknown	no		IQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, Neuromodulin, Neuromodulin_C
HLA-B	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		MHC_I_a_a1/a2, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
NRXN3	Other/Unknown	no		Laminin_G, Neurexin-like, ConA-like_dom_sf

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

4 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	4
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
kidney epithelium	1
pancreatic ductal cell	1
renal medulla	1
Brodmann (1909) area 10	1
cortical plate	1
frontal pole	1
blood	1
granulocyte	1
spleen	1
cerebellar vermis	1
substantia nigra pars compacta	1
substantia nigra pars reticulata	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
WDR72	139	tissue_specific	marker	kidney epithelium, pancreatic ductal cell, renal medulla
GAP43	209	broad	marker	frontal pole, Brodmann (1909) area 10, cortical plate
HLA-B	134	ubiquitous	marker	blood, spleen, granulocyte
NRXN3	231	ubiquitous	marker	cerebellar vermis, substantia nigra pars compacta, substantia nigra pars reticulata

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
HLA-B	3,209
GAP43	3,008
WDR72	1,126
NRXN3	165

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
HLA-B	P01889	237

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
WDR72	Q3MJ13	67.22
NRXN3	Q9HDB5	59.75
GAP43	P17677	56.00

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 14. Enrichment computed across 4 evidence-associated genes (3 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway	1	346.1×	0.035	HLA-B
DAP12 interactions	1	158.6×	0.035	HLA-B
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC	1	131.3×	0.035	HLA-B
Neurexins and neuroligins	1	65.6×	0.043	NRXN3
Interferon alpha/beta signaling	1	50.8×	0.043	HLA-B
ER-Phagosome pathway	1	43.3×	0.043	HLA-B
Interferon gamma signaling	1	41.8×	0.043	HLA-B
L1CAM interactions	1	40.1×	0.043	GAP43
SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses	1	29.7×	0.048	HLA-B
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell	1	29.1×	0.048	HLA-B
Axon guidance	1	15.1×	0.080	GAP43
Nervous system development	1	14.3×	0.080	GAP43
Neutrophil degranulation	1	7.7×	0.134	HLA-B
Developmental Biology	1	4.8×	0.194	GAP43

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
axon choice point recognition	1	2106.5×	0.007	GAP43
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	1	1404.3×	0.007	HLA-B
regulation of T cell anergy	1	1053.2×	0.007	HLA-B
regulation of interleukin-12 production	1	1053.2×	0.007	HLA-B
regulation of postsynaptic specialization assembly	1	1053.2×	0.007	GAP43
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	1	702.2×	0.008	HLA-B
regulation of interleukin-6 production	1	421.3×	0.010	HLA-B
radial glial cell differentiation	1	383.0×	0.010	GAP43
detection of bacterium	1	351.1×	0.010	HLA-B
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	1	324.1×	0.010	HLA-B
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	1	324.1×	0.010	HLA-B
axon regeneration	1	280.9×	0.010	GAP43
regulation of filopodium assembly	1	263.3×	0.010	GAP43
neuron cell-cell adhesion	1	247.8×	0.010	NRXN3
regulation of growth	1	234.1×	0.010	GAP43
vocalization behavior	1	221.7×	0.010	NRXN3
tissue regeneration	1	191.5×	0.010	GAP43
astrocyte differentiation	1	191.5×	0.010	GAP43
response to auditory stimulus	1	183.2×	0.010	GAP43
biomineral tissue development	1	162.0×	0.011	WDR72
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	1	127.7×	0.013	HLA-B
adult behavior	1	117.0×	0.014	NRXN3
cell fate commitment	1	73.9×	0.020	GAP43
learning	1	70.2×	0.020	NRXN3
social behavior	1	68.0×	0.020	NRXN3
response to wounding	1	55.4×	0.024	GAP43
defense response	1	54.0×	0.024	HLA-B
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1	32.9×	0.038	GAP43
protein localization to plasma membrane	1	27.2×	0.044	WDR72
axon guidance	1	22.6×	0.051	NRXN3

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 4

Druggability breadth: 2 of 4 evidence-associated genes (50%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
WDR72	0	0
GAP43	0	0
HLA-B	0	0
NRXN3	0	0

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
GAP43	1	Binding:1
HLA-B	1	Binding:1

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 4; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 1.

Cohort genes with a CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline

Symbol	CPIC guidelines
HLA-B	1

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	0
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	1	HLA-B
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	3	WDR72, GAP43, NRXN3

Undrugged target profiles

4 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
WDR72	0	—
GAP43	1	—
HLA-B	1	—
NRXN3	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 110.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	50
PHASE4	17
PHASE2	15
PHASE3	13
PHASE2/PHASE3	6
PHASE1/PHASE2	4
PHASE1	4
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT07118670	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	High Dose Eylea for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Outcomes
NCT00563043	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Changes in Electroretinogram and Contrast Sensitivity After PASCAL Treatment
NCT00563628	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Changes in Macular Thickness After Patterns Scan Laser
NCT00682240	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Morphological and Functional Retinal Changes Following Retinal Photocoagulation
NCT00802269	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Pain Using Reduced Fluence Parameters in Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy.
NCT01025934	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Surgical Treatment of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT01486771	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Macugen for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Study With Extended Dosing (M-PDRS ED)
NCT01724385	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT01854593	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT01921192	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 in Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT02005432	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	PASCAL Laser Versus ETDRS Laser Associated With Intravitreal Ranibizumab (IVR) Versus Only IVR for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT02096874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Bevacizumab and Peripheral Retinal Changes on Wide Field Angiography in Diabetic Macular Edema
NCT02816710	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Conbercept Injection in Treatment of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT03506750	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Day Regimes of CONbercept on CytokinEs of PDR Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy - Trial (CONCEPT)
NCT04464694	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Pre-vitrectomy Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Combined With Diabetic Macular Edema
NCT04674254	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Macular Perfusion Changes After Anti-VEGF Versus Targeted Retinal Photocoagulation in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT05514925	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cryoapplication Versus Anti-VEGF Before Diabetic Vitrectomy
NCT06790784	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Faricimab + PRP vs. Vitrectomy + Endolaser for Treatment of PDR
NCT00170742	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Monthly Octreotide Intramuscular Injections in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy After Lasercoagulation This Study is Not Being Conducted in the United States.
NCT00445003	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Laser-Ranibizumab-Triamcinolone for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT00516464	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Ranibizumab in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) Requiring Vitrectomy
NCT00545870	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Bevacizumab Versus Ranibizumab for Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT00600236	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	HLA and it Relation With the Development of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Mexican Population
NCT00600262	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT00656435	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Bevacizumab and Long Acting Gas in Diabetic Vitrectomy
NCT00996437	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Vitreous Hemorrhage Due to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (N)
NCT01489189	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Prompt Panretinal Photocoagulation Versus Ranibizumab+Deferred Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT01589718	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	A Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of IVT Pre-op 0.3mg Pegaptanib Sodium Versus Sham, for Management of Tractional Retinal Detachment and Vitreous Hemorrhage With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT01627977	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Association of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Brilliant Blue in Chromovitrectomy
NCT01813773	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Treatment With Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection For Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, The A.C.T Study
NCT02157350	PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Individually Marked Panretinal lasEr phoTokoagUlation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Study - DETECT
NCT02328118	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	25-Gauge Vitrectomy With Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide on Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in China
NCT02447185	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	25-G Vitrectomy With Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide on PDR in China-Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02705274	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	PRP vs Bevacizumab for PDR Treatment
NCT02858076	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Anti-VEGF vs. Prompt Vitrectomy for VH From PDR
NCT04278417	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Efficacy and Safety of Brolucizumab Versus Panretinal Photocoagulation Laser in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT05393284	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Phase 2 Spectra Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of OPL-0401 in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT00606138	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Ranibizumab for Treatment of Persistent Diabetic Neovascularization Assessed by Wide-Field Imaging
NCT00668785	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Intravitreal Ranibizumab to Treat Macular Edema After Panretinal Photocoagulation (Phase II)
NCT00776763	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Ocular Growth Factors Profile in Proliferative Retinopathies Before and After Intravitreal Bevacizumab

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
BEVACIZUMAB	4	12
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE	4	3
FARICIMAB	4	2
PEGAPTANIB SODIUM	4	2
AFLIBERCEPT	4	1
ALCOHOL	4	1
BROLUCIZUMAB	4	1
CANAKINUMAB	4	1
RANIBIZUMAB	4	1
CONBERCEPT	3	3
MAXACALCITOL	3	1
EMIXUSTAT HYDROCHLORIDE	2	1
S-ROLIPRAM	0	4
E133	0	1