Rectal carcinoma

Summary

Rectal carcinoma (MONDO:0044937) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 6 Mondo subtypes) and 1,330 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include irinotecan, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin. A subtype of rectal cancer — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Umbrella term: 6 Mondo subtypes
• Clinical trials: 1,330

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	rectal carcinoma
Mondo ID	MONDO:0044937
NCIT	C9382
UMLS	C0007113
MedGen	40100
Anatomy (UBERON)	UBERON:0001052
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: cancer of rectum · cancer of the rectum · carcinoma of rectum · carcinoma of the rectum · rectal cancer · rectal carcinoma · rectum carcinoma

Disease family

This is a subtype of rectal cancer. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › intestinal disorder › large intestine disorder › rectal disorder › rectal neoplasm › rectal cancer › rectal carcinoma

Related subtypes (5): anus cancer, rectum lymphoma, rectum malignant melanoma, rectum sarcoma, rectosigmoid junction cancer

Subtypes (6): rectum adenocarcinoma, rectosigmoid carcinoma, anal carcinoma, rectal sarcomatoid carcinoma, rectum carcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma of rectum

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 1,330.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	459
PHASE2	334
PHASE3	102
PHASE1	101
PHASE1/PHASE2	65
PHASE2/PHASE3	20
EARLY_PHASE1	11
PHASE4	8

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04281667	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Versus Mechanical Bowel Preparation Only Prior Rectal Surgery
NCT05148767	PHASE4	RECRUITING	UGT1A1-Based Irinotecan Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT07209787	PHASE4	RECRUITING	SIS-Reinforced vs. Conventional Anastomosis for Mid-to-Low Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter RCT on Anastomotic Leak
NCT07483060	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Next Generation STAR-TREC (NG-ST) - Organ Preservation in Early Rectal Cancer
NCT01421940	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Efficacy of Penile Rehabilitation Using Udenafil After Total Mesorectal Excision of Rectal Cancer
NCT01579721	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prospective Randomized Study of SILS Versus CLS for Rectal Cancer
NCT04747951	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer Treatment
NCT05406765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Enhanced Recovery After Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
NCT01558921	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Rectal Cancer And Pre-operative Induction Therapy Followed by Dedicated Operation. The RAPIDO Trial
NCT02843191	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Consolidation Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Mid or Low Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
NCT03051464	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	No Surgery Trial / Two Dose-escalation Strategies
NCT03671252	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Prospectively Randomized Control Clinical Trial of FOLFOXIRI Preoperative Chemotherapy Alone on Rectal Cancer in Local Advance Comparing to Oral Capecitabine Combined With Long-term Radiation
NCT03875781	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Non Inferiority Study of Preoperative Chemotherapy Without Pelvic Irradiation for Rectal Cancer
NCT03879109	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Chemotherapy Followed by Pelvic Reirradiation Versus Chemotherapy Alone as Pre-operative Treatment for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
NCT03975049	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Triplet Combination or Doublet Regimen Versus Chemoradiation as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT04087421	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Comparison of Transanal Irrigation and Glycerol Suppositories in Treatment of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome
NCT04095299	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Standard Dose Versus High Dose of Radiotherapy in Rectal Preservation With Chemo-radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients
NCT04215731	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Neoadjuvant mFOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With High-Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT04246684	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Short RT Versus RCT,Followed by Chemo.and Organ Preservation for Interm and High-risk Rectal Cancer Patients
NCT04288999	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Surgery Plus Chemo Versus Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery Plus Chemo for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
NCT04389086	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Induction Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
NCT04495088	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Preoperative FOLFOX Versus Postoperative Risk-adapted Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT04749108	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Study Evaluating the Tailored Management of Locally-advanced Rectal Carcinoma
NCT04922853	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Comparison of the Pathological Effect Between 2 and 4 Cycles Neoadjuvant CAPOX for Low/Intermediate Risk II/III Rectal Cancer
NCT04928807	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Camrelizumab in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (UNION)
NCT05201430	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI Versus CapeOX Chemotherapy for Local Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT05646511	PHASE3	RECRUITING	TNT of SCRT+CAPOX vs SCRT+CAPOXIRI for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT05752136	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Preoperative Short-course Radiation Followed by Envafolimab Plus CAPEOX for MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma
NCT05939687	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Prophylactic Mesh Placement During Stoma Closure After Low Anterior Resection
NCT05984485	PHASE3	RECRUITING	The Efficacy of Primary Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) Surgery Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With TME Surgery in Low-risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT06097416	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in the Treatment of T3 Rectal Cancer
NCT06123156	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Interest of Early Erectile Rehabilitation With Sildenafil After Radiotherapy and Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer
NCT06205485	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Excision And Observation vs Chemoradiotherapy For Rectal Cancer
NCT06229041	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Total Neoadjuvant Treatment ±Immunotherapy for High Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (TNTi)
NCT06312982	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Series of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT06443671	PHASE2/PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Neoadjuvant Fruquintinib Plus Tislelizumab Combined With mCapeOX Versus CapeOX for Mid-high pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT06450574	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Versus Ttransanal Endoscopic Microsurgery in T1 N0, M0 Rectal Cancer (TAUTEM-T1 Study)
NCT06507371	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Node-sparing Short-Course Radiation Combined With CAPOX and Tislelizumab for MSS Rectal Cancer
NCT06758830	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Total Neoadjuvant Therapy and Organ Preservation Versus Surgery for Rectal Cancer.
NCT06832917	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Short-course Radiation (SCRT) Followed by 6 Cycles of Cadonilimab Plus MFOLFOX6 As Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC): a Multicenter, Two-arm Parallel, Open-label, Randomised Phase III Trial (NeoCaCRT-III)

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
IRINOTECAN	4	14
LEUCOVORIN	4	14
OXALIPLATIN	4	7
FRUQUINTINIB	4	6
PANITUMUMAB	4	6
BEVACIZUMAB	4	4
FLOXURIDINE	4	4
LOPERAMIDE	4	3
RALTITREXED	4	3
TAMSULOSIN	4	3
AMIFOSTINE	4	2
CAPECITABINE	4	2
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	4	2
FLUDEOXYGLUCOSE F 18	4	2
FLUOROURACIL	4	2
PALBOCICLIB	4	2
PEGFILGRASTIM	4	2
PHENYLBUTANOIC ACID	4	2
REGORAFENIB	4	2
TISLELIZUMAB	4	2
AFATINIB	4	1
AFATINIB DIMALEATE	4	1
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM	4	1
BINIMETINIB	4	1
BUPIVACAINE	4	1
CAPIVASERTIB	4	1
CELECOXIB	4	1
CETUXIMAB	4	1
COPANLISIB	4	1
COPANLISIB HYDROCHLORIDE	4	1