Refractory malignant neoplasm

Summary

Refractory malignant neoplasm (MONDO:0036501) is a cancer and 76 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cemiplimab, crizotinib, and tocilizumab. A subtype of cancer — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Clinical trials: 76

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	refractory malignant neoplasm
Mondo ID	MONDO:0036501
NCIT	C120186
UMLS	C0677936
MedGen	146772
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: refractory cancer · refractory malignant neoplasm · resistant cancer

Disease family

This is a subtype of cancer. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › cancer › refractory malignant neoplasm

Related subtypes (32): respiratory system cancer, immune system cancer, musculoskeletal system cancer, integumentary system cancer, peritoneum cancer, cardiovascular cancer, reproductive system cancer, malignant giant cell tumor, digestive system cancer, lipomatous cancer, thoracic cancer, malignant glomus tumor, malignant mesenchymoma, carcinoma, sarcoma, blastoma, head and neck cancer, malignant mixed neoplasm, nervous system cancer, retroperitoneal cancer, malignant germ cell tumor, malignant mesothelioma, malignant urinary system neoplasm, childhood malignant neoplasm, anaplastic cancer, malignant spindle cell neoplasm, high grade malignant neoplasm, malignant endocrine neoplasm, malignant soft tissue neoplasm, secondary malignant neoplasm, malignant adenoma, cancer of unknown primary site

Subtypes (1): testis refractory cancer

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 76.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE1	30
PHASE2	14
PHASE1/PHASE2	14
Not specified	14
EARLY_PHASE1	2
PHASE4	1
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06251076	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Plan Development for Giving Teclistamab in the Outpatient Setting
NCT02491632	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Physical Activity and Dexamethasone in Reducing Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients With Advanced Cancer
NCT02286687	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Talazoparib in Treating Patients With Recurrent, Refractory, Advanced, or Metastatic Cancers and Alterations in the BRCA Genes
NCT03678883	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	9-ING-41 in Patients With Advanced Cancers
NCT03686124	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	ACTengine® IMA203/IMA203CD8 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Nivolumab in Recurrent and/or Refractory Solid Tumors
NCT04337580	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibition in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT04421560	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Pembrolizumab, Ibrutinib and Rituximab in PCNSL
NCT04510636	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Study of Pembrolizumab With Bendamustine in Hodgkin Lymphoma
NCT05662397	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Study of HST-1011 Given as Monotherapy and in Combination With an Anti-PD1 Antibody
NCT05669430	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Study of GV20-0251 Monotherapy and GV20-0251 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies
NCT05681195	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Zanubrutinib With Pemetrexed to Treat Relapsed/Refractory Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphomas
NCT05852717	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Safety and Efficacy of Epcoritamab With Gemcitabine, Dexamethasone, and Cisplatin (GDP) Salvage Chemotherapy in Relapsed Refractory Large B-cell Lymphoma
NCT05864144	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Study of SNS-101 (Anti VISTA) Monotherapy and in Combination With Cemiplimab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
NCT05958121	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	IMA402 T Cell-Engaging Receptor Molecule (TCER®) in Recurrent and/or Refractory Solid Tumors
NCT06096038	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Autologous CAR-T Cells Targeting CSPG4 in Relapsed/Refractory HNSCC
NCT06184035	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of [177Lu]Lu-SN201 in Participants With Advanced Cancer
NCT06208657	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Optimal Precision TherapIes to CustoMISE Care in Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
NCT06229340	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Leflunomide or Combination of MEK Inhibitor and Hydroxychloroquine for Refractory Patients With RAS Mutations
NCT06634589	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Study to Investigate Safety and Effectiveness of BGB-16673 in Combination With Other Agents in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies
NCT01320280	PHASE2	TERMINATED	BIBW 2992 (Afatinib) for the Treatment of Patients With HER2-positive, Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT02747732	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Study of Ibrutinib in Combination With Bendamustine and Rituximab for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive BCL
NCT03108131	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Cobimetinib and Atezolizumab in Treating Participants With Advanced or Refractory Rare Tumors
NCT03199677	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	A Clinical Study of Apatinib in Patients With Local Progressive/Metastatic Refractory Thyroid Cancer
NCT03206073	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Phase I/II Study of Pexa-Vec Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Refractory Colorectal Cancer
NCT03439085	PHASE2	TERMINATED	DNA Plasmid-encoding Interleukin-12/HPV DNA Plasmids Therapeutic Vaccine INO-3112 and Durvalumab in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Human Papillomavirus Associated Cancers
NCT04092179	PHASE1/PHASE2	TERMINATED	Study of Enasidenib and Venetoclax in IDH2-Mutated Blood Cancers
NCT04292119	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Lorlatinib Combinations in Lung Cancer
NCT04640246	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Study of TBX-3400 in Subjects With Solid Malignant Tumors Resistant or Refractory to Standard Therapies
NCT04695223	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Arsenic Trioxide for Structural p53 Mutations
NCT04840004	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of PVT-1 Treatment in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
NCT03203525	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Combination Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab With the NovoTTF-100L(P) System in Treating Participants With Advanced, Recurrent, or Refractory Hepatic Metastatic Cancer
NCT05302037	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Allogeneic NKG2DL-targeting CAR γδ T Cells (CTM-N2D) in Advanced Cancers (ANGELICA)
NCT05359445	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	IMA401 TCER® in Recurrent and/or Refractory Solid Tumors, Alone or in Combination With a Checkpoint Inhibitor
NCT05856981	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety and PK of ADU-1805 in Advanced Solid Tumors
NCT05859074	PHASE1	RECRUITING	A Study of MQ710 With and Without Pembrolizumab in People With Solid Tumor Cancer
NCT06104488	PHASE1	RECRUITING	A Study of Avutometinib for People With Solid Tumor Cancers
NCT06158139	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Autologous CAR-T Cells Targeting B7-H3 in PDAC
NCT06347068	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Study of Autologous CAR-T Cells Targeting B7-H3 in TNBC iC9-CAR.B7-H3 T Cells
NCT07016997	PHASE1	RECRUITING	A Phase I, First in Human Study of CBA-1535, T Cell Engager(5T4/CD3/5T4) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors.
NCT00011414	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Phase I Trial of Tariquidar (XR9576) in Combination With Doxorubicin, Vinorelbine, or Docetaxel in Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumors

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CEMIPLIMAB	4	2
CRIZOTINIB	4	2
TOCILIZUMAB	4	2
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE	4	1
BENDAMUSTINE	4	1
BINIMETINIB	4	1
COBIMETINIB	4	1
ENASIDENIB	4	1
EPCORITAMAB	4	1
GLOFITAMAB	4	1
LEFLUNOMIDE	4	1
LOMUSTINE	4	1
LORLATINIB	4	1
MOSUNETUZUMAB	4	1
TALAZOPARIB	4	1
TECLISTAMAB	4	1
TREMELIMUMAB	4	1
VANDETANIB	4	1
VEMURAFENIB	4	1
ZANUBRUTINIB	4	1
FLUDARABINE	3	3
AVUTOMETINIB	3	1
CERALASERTIB	3	1
NAVITOCLAX	3	1
SONROTOCLAX	3	1
TARIQUIDAR	3	1
ELRAGLUSIB	2	2
BATOPROTAFIB	2	1
CFI-400945	2	1
ICOVAMENIB	2	1