Respiratory tract infectious disorder
diseaseOn this page
Also known as infection, respiratory tractinfections, respiratoryinfections, respiratory tractinfections, upper respiratoryinfections, upper respiratory tractrespiratory infection, upperrespiratory infectionsrespiratory tract infectionupper respiratory infectionsupper respiratory tract infections
Summary
Respiratory tract infectious disorder (MONDO:0024355) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 14 Mondo subtypes) with 48 GWAS associations across 43 studies and 416 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cephalexin anhydrous, dextromethorphan, and amodiaquine. A subtype of respiratory system disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 14 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 48
- Clinical trials: 416
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | respiratory tract infectious disorder |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0024355 |
| MeSH | D012141 |
| SNOMED CT | 275498002 |
| Anatomy (UBERON) | UBERON:0000065 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: infection, respiratory tract · infections, respiratory · infections, respiratory tract · infections, upper respiratory · infections, upper respiratory tract · respiratory infection, upper · respiratory infections · respiratory tract infection · upper respiratory infections · upper respiratory tract infections
Data availability: 48 GWAS associations (43 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of respiratory system disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › respiratory system disorder › respiratory tract infectious disorder
Related subtypes (58): lower respiratory tract disorder, respiratory system cancer, respiratory system benign neoplasm, allergic respiratory disease, paranasal sinus disorder, upper respiratory tract disorder, pertussis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sleep apnea syndrome, diaphragm disorder, pulmonary tuberculosis, altitude sickness, perinatal asphyxia, pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica, Williams-Campbell syndrome, cystic fibrosis, growth delay-hydrocephaly-lung hypoplasia syndrome, laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome, congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia, familial primary pulmonary hypoplasia, Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, Young syndrome, lung agenesis-heart defect-thumb anomalies syndrome, sudden infant death-dysgenesis of the testes syndrome, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma with tendon and pulmonary involvement, autoimmune interstitial lung disease-arthritis syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis-plus syndrome, congenital bronchobiliary fistula, bronchogenic cyst, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, transient hyperammonemia of the newborn, congenital pulmonary sequestration, Siegler-Brewer-Carey syndrome, tracheal agenesis, 16q24.1 microdeletion syndrome, staphylococcal necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis, plastic bronchitis, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, IgG4-related mediastinitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infantile apnea, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory or thoracic malformation, pulmonary agenesis, eosinophilic granuloma, disorder of pharynx, respiratory tract neoplasm, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with hypogammaglobulinemia, Middle East respiratory syndrome, reactive airway disease, acinar dysplasia, pulmonary hypoplasia, isolated left bronchial isomerism, bronchiectasis and nasal polyposis
Subtypes (14): lung abscess, pneumonic plague, pneumonia, fungal lung infectious disease, laryngeal tuberculosis, pleural tuberculosis, tracheitis, pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection, laryngeal diphtheria, nasopharyngeal diphtheria, streptococcal sore throat, silicotuberculosis, tuberculous fibrosis of lung, viral respiratory tract infection
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
48 GWAS associations across 43 studies. Top hits map to 10 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr6:32616916 | 3e-15 | G | 0.06 | |
| rs183417419 | 4e-15 | PTPN21 | A | 2.79 |
| rs536304276 | 8e-14 | ECM1P2 - U6 | T | 3.53 |
| rs190677496 | 2e-13 | Y_RNA - LSINCT5 | G | 2.88 |
| rs138404838 | 7e-13 | DLL1 | G | 3.73 |
| rs142601420 | 1e-12 | ABCA7 | C | 3.03 |
| rs568975846 | 3e-12 | VDAC2P3 - PNRC2P1 | G | 3.15 |
| rs75738385 | 3e-12 | CIT - RPL35AP30 | G | 3.4 |
| rs184152816 | 8e-12 | MCM8 | G | 1.65 |
| rs190406944 | 9e-12 | FER | C | 1.3 |
| rs182096803 | 1e-11 | STARD13 - RFC3 | T | 3.42 |
| rs545699183 | 2e-11 | CCDC88C | C | 1.94 |
| rs577685254 | 3e-11 | KCNB2 | G | 3.09 |
| chr3:50061560 | 3e-09 | C | 0.04 | |
| chr4:131318007 | 6e-09 | TTGTGTGTG | 2.08 | |
| chr3:76499739 | 9e-09 | G | 2.27 | |
| chr12:68884639 | 1e-08 | C | 1.89 | |
| chr13:28029870 | 1e-08 | C | 0.14 | |
| chr13:93439822 | 1e-08 | T | 1.92 | |
| chr7:98749614 | 1e-08 | T | 3.72 | |
| chr7:19463653 | 1e-08 | G | 1.71 | |
| chr8:21850062 | 1e-08 | C | 2.06 | |
| chr6:81357019 | 2e-08 | A | 1.62 | |
| chr19:42027989 | 2e-08 | A | 2.19 | |
| chr5:176455129 | 2e-08 | G | 2.35 | |
| chr21:31710036 | 2e-08 | G | 1.04 | |
| chr10:72072249 | 2e-08 | A | 2.37 | |
| chr9:21763065 | 2e-08 | T | 1.39 | |
| chr10:128784294 | 3e-08 | T | 3.65 | |
| chr9:29595352 | 3e-08 | G | 0.03 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90473633 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 85,824 | 372,616 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667847 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 85,824 | 372,616 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90478076 | Verma A | 2024 | 74,214 | 299,786 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90473669 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 63,167 | 395,273 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667830 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 63,167 | 395,273 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473674 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 60,739 | 397,701 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667876 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 60,739 | 397,701 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473649 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 46,969 | 411,471 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667930 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 46,969 | 411,471 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90478075 | Verma A | 2024 | 30,382 | 67,969 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 1 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 42 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 3 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 11 |
| unknown | 28 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 27 |
| intron_variant | 12 |
| intergenic_variant | 2 |
| synonymous_variant | 1 |
| missense_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr6:32616916 | 3e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs183417419 | 14 | 88546179 | A>C,T | 0.001 | intron_variant | PTPN21 | 4e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs536304276 | 4 | 12755577 | T>C | 0 | intergenic_variant | ECM1P2 - U6 | 8e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs190677496 | 5 | 2413769 | G>T | 0.001 | intergenic_variant | Y_RNA - LSINCT5 | 2e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs138404838 | 6 | 170288336 | G>A | 0.001 | synonymous_variant | DLL1 | 7e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs142601420 | 19 | 1054075 | C>T | 0.001 | missense_variant | ABCA7 | 1e-12 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs568975846 | 1 | 117770536 | G>A,T | 0 | intron_variant | VDAC2P3 - PNRC2P1 | 3e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs75738385 | 12 | 119948066 | G>A | 0 | intron_variant | CIT - RPL35AP30 | 3e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs184152816 | 20 | 5985172 | G>A,T | 0.005 | intron_variant | MCM8 | 8e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs190406944 | 5 | 108835192 | C>A,G,T | 0.013 | intron_variant | FER | 9e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs182096803 | 13 | 33523921 | T>C | 0.001 | intron_variant | STARD13 - RFC3 | 1e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs545699183 | 14 | 91343079 | C>T | 0.002 | intron_variant | CCDC88C | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs577685254 | 8 | 72920037 | G>A,T | 0.001 | intron_variant | KCNB2 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr3:50061560 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:131318007 | 6e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr3:76499739 | 9e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr12:68884639 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr13:28029870 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr13:93439822 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr7:98749614 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr7:19463653 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr8:21850062 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:81357019 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr19:42027989 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr5:176455129 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr21:31710036 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr10:72072249 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr9:21763065 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr10:128784294 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr9:29595352 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
4 approved, 5 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Amoxicillin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Clindamycin Phosphate | Approved (phase 4) |
| Tobramycin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Vancomycin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Acetaminophen | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Ascorbic Acid | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Guaifenesin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Phenylephrine | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Pseudoephedrine | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 416.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 252 |
| PHASE3 | 43 |
| PHASE2 | 36 |
| PHASE4 | 35 |
| PHASE1 | 32 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 9 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 5 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 4 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05045612 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Antibiotic Therapy in Viral Airway Infections |
| NCT05677763 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | OM-85 in Paediatric Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections With Wheezing Lower Respiratory Illness |
| NCT05758532 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Non-specific Effects of a Modified Measles Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Allergy and Unrelated Infection in Children |
| NCT06581367 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Tailoring Antibiotic Duration for Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care |
| NCT07532941 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Clinical Efficacy of Stopping Oral Antibiotics When Symptoms Stop, Compared to ‘Finishing the Course’ |
| NCT00132951 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | KEYS: Study Comparing Clinical Health Outcomes of Telithromycin Versus Azithromycin in Outpatients With Community-acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections |
| NCT00228254 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Vitamin A and Zinc: Prevention of Pneumonia (VAZPOP) Study |
| NCT00261105 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Telithromycin in Respiratory Tract Infections |
| NCT00377403 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Acute Sinusitis |
| NCT00599417 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PulmonarOM (Bacterial Lysates) in Respiratory Tract Infections |
| NCT00611195 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Remifentanil and Laryngeal Reflex Responses in Pediatric Patients With URI |
| NCT00849277 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study of the Effect of Probiotics on Respiratory Morbidity After Influenza Vaccination of Elderly in Nursing Homes |
| NCT00887172 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Trial of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) |
| NCT01052961 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study on Higher-dose Oseltamivir Treatment’s Impact on Viral Clearance and Clinical Recovery in Adults Hospitalized With Influenza |
| NCT01257126 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Efficacy of Diclofenac Potassium vs Nimesulide in the Treatment of Fever and Pain in Children With Upper Respiratory Tract Infection |
| NCT01257542 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Acute Cough Study In Children |
| NCT01265342 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Nebulised Beclometasone in Viral Wheezing Prophylaxis |
| NCT01464944 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Placebo and Active Controlled Study to Compare the Antipyretic Efficacy of Aspirin® in Patients With Acute Febrile Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Suspected to be of Viral Origin |
| NCT01728090 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of a Handwashing Programme in the Prevention of School Absenteeism Due to Respiratory Infections |
| NCT01760109 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Piperacillin Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for Injection(2:1) for Treatment of Respiratory and Urinary System Infection |
| NCT01782118 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | LGG for Prevention of Infectious Complications During PPI Treatment in Children |
| NCT01842997 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Safety of H1N1 Influenza Vaccination in Pregnant Women |
| NCT01897831 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Piperacillin Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for Injection (2:1) for Treatment of Respiratory and Urinary Tract Infection |
| NCT02225912 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Nasal Antiseptic, PrevinC, When Administered for the RiskReduction of Rhinitis in Subjects Who Work for Child Day Care Centers |
| NCT03243565 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Effect of OM-85 on Respiratory Tract Infections and Adenoid Tissue in Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy |
| NCT03262142 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Targeted AntiBiotics for Chronic Pulmonary Diseases |
| NCT04066621 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PHase IV Clinical Trial of Ceftriaxone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for Injection (CRO-SBT) |
| NCT04505098 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | A Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Icosapent Ethyl for High-Cardiovascular Risk Adults |
| NCT04537663 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Prevention Of Respiratory Tract Infection And Covid-19 Through BCG Vaccination In Vulnerable Older Adults |
| NCT04600752 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study to Evaluate the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Augmentin® Extra Strength-600 in Children With Acute Otitis Media in India |
| NCT04609423 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Cod Liver Oil for Covid-19 Prevention Study |
| NCT05002179 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Echinaforce Study to Investigate Explorative Pharmacology and Effectiveness to Prevent From Enveloped Virus Infections |
| NCT05639777 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Intranasal Dexmedetomidine in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy Suffering From Mild Upper Respiratory Tract Infection |
| NCT06272370 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Individualizing Treatment for Asthma in Primary Care |
| NCT06584461 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Interest of Lidocaine in Children with Upper Airway Infection Undergoing General Anesthesia |
| NCT06472219 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | PREDICATE Trial For Respiratory Tract Infections |
| NCT06560255 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Fish Oil in pREgnancY for Personalized Prevention of Early Childhood Asthma |
| NCT06570889 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | VItamin D in pregnanCy for prevenTion Of eaRlY Childhood Asthma |
| NCT00192205 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Trial to Compare the Safety,Tolerability and Efficacy of Influenza Virus Vaccine, (CAIV-T) With Influenza Virus Vaccine, Trivalent, Inactivated (TIV) in Children |
| NCT00240461 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Use of COLD-fX to Prevent Respiratory Infections in Community Dwelling Seniors |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
Related Atlas pages
- Drugs: Cephalexin, Dextromethorphan, Amodiaquine, Acetaminophen, Ascorbic Acid, Guaifenesin, Piperacillin, Retinol, Telithromycin, Amoxicillin, Anidulafungin, Azithromycin, Beclomethasone Dipropionate, Benzydamine, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Clavulanate, Dexibuprofen, Diclofenac, Esflurbiprofen, Flurbiprofen, Icosapent Ethyl, Levamisole, Montelukast, Nimesulide, Nitric Oxide, Olive Oil