Schizophrenia, susceptibility to
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Summary
Schizophrenia, susceptibility to (MONDO:0100182) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 6 Mondo subtypes) with 5 cohort genes.
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 6 Mondo subtypes
- Cohort genes: 5
- ClinVar variants: 6
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | schizophrenia, susceptibility to |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0100182 |
| UMLS | C2675945 |
| MedGen | 390920 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Data availability: 6 ClinVar variants.
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 6 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease susceptibility › inherited disease susceptibility › schizophrenia, susceptibility to
Related subtypes (283): microvascular complications of diabetes, susceptibility, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility, bacteremia, susceptibility, pregnancy loss, recurrent, susceptibility, autoimmune thyroid disease, susceptibility to, susceptibility to HIV infection, appendicitis, proneness to, atherosclerosis susceptibility, multiple sclerosis, susceptibility to, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 1, endometriosis, susceptibility to, 1, osteoarthritis susceptibility 2, essential hypertension, genetic, osteoarthritis susceptibility 1, otitis media, susceptibility to, pelvic organ prolapse, susceptibility to, pulmonary edema of mountaineers, susceptibility to, sarcoidosis, susceptibility to, 1, strabismus, susceptibility to, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 1, predisposition to invasive fungal disease due to CARD9 deficiency, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1, hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to, 1, hypervitaminosis a, susceptibility to, kuru, susceptibility to, leprosy, susceptibility to, 3, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, susceptibility to, diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, X-linked, susceptibility to, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 3, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 9, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 15, Leber optic atrophy, susceptibility to, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 2, Helicobacter pylori infection, susceptibility to, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 1, inherited susceptibility to asthma, renal dysplasia, cystic, susceptibility to, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 1, leishmaniasis, tegumentary, susceptibility to, xanthomatosis, susceptibility to, hyperlipidemia, combined, 1, urinary tract infections, recurrent, susceptibility to, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 1, hepatic fibrosis, severe, susceptibility to, due to Schistosoma mansoni infection, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 3, Ascaris lumbricoides infection, susceptibility to, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 2, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 7, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 2, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 3, nephrolithiasis, uric acid, susceptibility to, atrioventricular septal defect, susceptibility to, 2, vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 1, polysubstance abuse, susceptibility to, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 6, glaucoma, normal tension, susceptibility to, anorexia nervosa, susceptibility to, 1, stroke, susceptibility to, 1, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 5, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 2, familial meningioma, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 5, systemic lupus erythematosus with hemolytic anemia, susceptibility to, 1, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 3, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 1, bulimia nervosa, susceptibility to, 1, leprosy, susceptibility to, 2, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9, Parkinson disease 11, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3, susceptibility to, autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 1, osteoarthritis susceptibility 3, systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis, susceptibility to, 1, systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis, susceptibility to, 2, systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis, susceptibility to, 3, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 2, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 4, autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 2, autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 3, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 4, myocardial infarction, susceptibility to, major depressive disorder 1, legionnaire disease, susceptibility to, myocardial infarction, susceptibility to, 2, major depressive disorder 2, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 4, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 3, myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile, susceptibility to, 3, orofacial cleft 6, susceptibility to, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 5, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 1, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 2, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 3, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 4, Alzheimer disease 9, susceptibility to respiratory infections associated with CD8alpha chain mutation, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 8, autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 4, hepatitis C virus, susceptibility to, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 4, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 4, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 2, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 3, leprosy, susceptibility to, 1, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 5, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 6, opioid dependence, susceptibility to, 1, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 7, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 8, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 5, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 6, Parkinson disease 13, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to, West Nile virus, susceptibility to, hepatitis B virus, susceptibility to, Buruli ulcer, susceptibility to, osteoarthritis susceptibility 4, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 9, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 7, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 7, leprosy, susceptibility to, 4, hypertension, essential, susceptibility to, 8, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 13, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 8, myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile, susceptibility to, 4, susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis, 2, susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis, 3, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 6, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 5, epilepsy, childhood absence, susceptibility to, 6, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 7, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 8, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 9, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 10, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 11, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 12, celiac disease, susceptibility to, 13, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 9, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 10, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 11, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 12, epilepsy, childhood absence, susceptibility to, 5, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 5, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 6, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 13, sarcoidosis, susceptibility to, 2, sarcoidosis, susceptibility to, 3, osteoarthritis susceptibility 5, osteoarthritis susceptibility 6, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4, susceptibility to, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 8, herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 2, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 7, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 10, pelvic organ prolapse, susceptibility to, 2, systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to, 14, leprosy, susceptibility to, 5, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 2, hearing loss, cisplatin-induced, susceptibility to, susceptibility to mononeuropathy of the median nerve, mild, fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic, susceptibility to, 2, leprosy, susceptibility to, 6, autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 6, Parkinson disease 5, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to, aspergillosis, susceptibility to, sick sinus syndrome 3, susceptibility to, Parkinson disease 18, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to, epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 9, dengue virus, susceptibility to, coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 6, podoconiosis, susceptibility to, peripartum cardiomyopathy, susceptibility to, influenza, severe, susceptibility to, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 3, human herpesvirus 8, susceptibility to, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 12, herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 3, herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 4, pulmonary hypertension, neonatal, susceptibility to, craniosynostosis 5, susceptibility to, melioidosis, susceptibility to, chronic mountain sickness, susceptibility to, herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 7, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 14, hereditary neoplastic syndrome, autosomal recessive Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to partial IFNgammaR1 deficiency, autosomal recessive Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to partial IFNgammaR2 deficiency, susceptibility to localized juvenile periodontitis, inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases, neural tube defects, susceptibility to, multiple system atrophy 1, susceptibility to, nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1, myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile, susceptibility to, 1, epilepsy, childhood absence, susceptibility to, 1, autism, susceptiblity to, susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis, 1, malaria, susceptibility to, spondyloarthropathy, susceptibility to, herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 1, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 18, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 15, hepatitis, fulminant viral, susceptibility to, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 16, autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to partial jak1 deficiency, aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 11, susceptibility to, craniosynostosis 7, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 25, epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 10, susceptibility to angioedema induced by ACE inhibitors, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, susceptibility to, exfoliation syndrome, susceptibility to, basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, graft-versus-host disease, susceptibility to, narcolepsy, susceptibility to, pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, susceptibility to, restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, psoriasis, susceptibility to, age related macular degeneration, susceptibility to, allergic rhinitis, susceptibility to, dermatitis, atopic, susceptibility to, Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, diabetes mellitus, ketosis-prone, radioulnar synostosis, nonsyndromic, susceptibility to, lumbar disk herniation, susceptibility to, lumbar disk degeneration, susceptibility to, psoriatic arthritis, susceptibility to, migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, Alzheimer disease, susceptibility to, mitochondrial, Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, tobacco addiction, susceptibility to, lipodystrophy, partial, acquired, susceptibility to, Graves disease, susceptibility to, 1, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 17, breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, blepharospasm, benign essential, susceptibility to, hemorrhage, intracerebral, susceptibility to, IgA nephropathy, susceptibility to, hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to, 7, vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 6, delayed sleep phase syndrome, susceptibility to, encephalitis, acute, infection-induced, susceptibility to, malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, multicentric Castleman disease, susceptibility to, pelvic organ prolapse, susceptibility to, 1, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 13, Graves disease, susceptibility to, X-linked 2, autoimmune thyroid disease, susceptibility to, 5, atrioventricular septal defect, susceptibility to, 1, epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 6, autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 5, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 6, seasonal affective disorder, susceptibility to, ventricular fibrillation during myocardial infarction, susceptibility to, UV-induced skin damage, susceptibility to, antisocial behavior, susceptibility to, aplastic anemia, susceptibility to, cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 4, susceptibility to, cirrhosis, noncryptogenic, susceptibility to, coronary artery disease, severe, susceptibility to, dengue fever, susceptibility to, dengue hemorrhagic fever, susceptibility to, dengue shock syndrome, susceptibility to, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 4, dyslexia, susceptibility to, 7, efavirenz central nervous system toxicity, susceptibility to, obesity, susceptibility to, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 13, susceptibility to, Schistosoma mansoni infection, susceptibility/resistance to, Parkinson disease 24, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to, iron overload, susceptibility to, hydrocephalus, congenital, 5, susceptibility to, hearing loss, noise-induced, susceptibility to, hyperemesis gravidarum, susceptibility to, Parkinson disease 26, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 19, polycystic kidney disease 9, susceptibility to, rhabdomyolysis, susceptibility to, scoliosis, isolated, susceptibility to, dystonia 38, susceptibility to, gallbladder disease 4, epilepsy, juvenile absence, susceptibility to, GBA1-related Parkinson disease, susceptibility, SH2B3-related immune system disorder
Subtypes (6): schizophrenia 4, schizophrenia 6, schizophrenia 9, schizophrenia 14, schizophrenia 13, schizophrenia 18
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
ClinVar germline variants
6 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
2 risk factor, 1 benign/likely benign, 1 uncertain significance, 1 benign/likely benign; other, 1 benign
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4882 | NM_023004.6(RTN4R):c.355C>T (p.Arg119Trp) | RTN4R | risk factor | no assertion criteria provided |
| 4883 | NM_023004.6(RTN4R):c.587G>A (p.Arg196His) | RTN4R | risk factor | no assertion criteria provided |
| 17592 | NM_000754.4(COMT):c.214G>T (p.Ala72Ser) | COMT | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 16770 | NM_000796.6(DRD3):c.25G>A (p.Gly9Ser) | DRD3 | Benign/Likely benign | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 515935 | NM_000621.5(HTR2A):c.102= (p.Ser34=) | HTR2A | Benign | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 3521 | NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.1286A>C (p.Glu429Ala) | MTHFR | Benign/Likely benign; other | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 4 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| COMT | Orphanet:567 | 22q11.2 deletion syndrome |
| MTHFR | Orphanet:395 | Homocystinuria due to methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency |
| MTHFR | Orphanet:563609 | Isolated anencephaly |
| MTHFR | Orphanet:563612 | Isolated exencephaly |
Cohort genes → proteins
5 cohort genes, 5 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 5 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTN4R | HGNC:18601 | ENSG00000040608 | Q9BZR6 | Reticulon-4 receptor | clinvar |
| COMT | HGNC:2228 | ENSG00000093010 | P21964 | Catechol O-methyltransferase | clinvar |
| DRD3 | HGNC:3024 | ENSG00000151577 | P35462 | D(3) dopamine receptor | clinvar |
| HTR2A | HGNC:5293 | ENSG00000102468 | P28223 | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A | clinvar |
| MTHFR | HGNC:7436 | ENSG00000177000 | P42898 | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| RTN4R | Reticulon-4 receptor | Receptor for RTN4, OMG and MAG. |
| COMT | Catechol O-methyltransferase | Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. |
| DRD3 | D(3) dopamine receptor | Dopamine receptor that is primarily expressed in limbic areas of the brain and is involved in the modulation of cognitive, emotional, and endocrine functions. |
| HTR2A | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A | G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). |
| MTHFR | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) | Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a cosubstrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 4 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.8
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPCR | 2 | 9.6× | 0.048 |
| Enzyme (other) | 2 | 4.8× | 0.088 |
| Other/Unknown | 1 | 0.4× | 0.983 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTN4R | Other/Unknown | no | Cys-rich_flank_reg_C, Leu-rich_rpt, Leu-rich_rpt_typical-subtyp | |
| COMT | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.1.1.6 | SAM_O-MeTrfase, Catechol_O-MeTrfase_euk, SAM-dependent_MTases_sf |
| DRD3 | GPCR | yes | GPCR_Rhodpsn, Dopamine_rcpt, Dopamine_D3_rcpt | |
| HTR2A | GPCR | yes | GPCR_Rhodpsn, 5HT2A_rcpt, 5HT_rcpt | |
| MTHFR | Enzyme (other) | yes | 1.5.1.20 | Mehydrof_redctse-like, Fadh2_euk, FAD-linked_oxidoreductase-like |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
3 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 5 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| cerebellar cortex | 1 |
| cerebellar hemisphere | 1 |
| right hemisphere of cerebellum | 1 |
| right adrenal gland | 1 |
| right adrenal gland cortex | 1 |
| stromal cell of endometrium | 1 |
| endometrium epithelium | 1 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 1 |
| metanephric glomerulus | 1 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 1 |
| frontal pole | 1 |
| middle temporal gyrus | 1 |
| apex of heart | 1 |
| corpus epididymis | 1 |
| sural nerve | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTN4R | 175 | broad | yes | right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar cortex |
| COMT | 296 | ubiquitous | marker | right adrenal gland cortex, right adrenal gland, stromal cell of endometrium |
| DRD3 | 25 | marker | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, metanephric glomerulus, endometrium epithelium | |
| HTR2A | 192 | broad | yes | buccal mucosa cell, middle temporal gyrus, frontal pole |
| MTHFR | 254 | ubiquitous | marker | corpus epididymis, sural nerve, apex of heart |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 2.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| MTHFR | 3,492 |
| COMT | 3,362 |
| HTR2A | 1,955 |
| RTN4R | 1,796 |
| DRD3 | 1,539 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| COMT | DRD3 | string_interaction |
| COMT | HTR2A | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 5 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| HTR2A | P28223 | 39 |
| COMT | P21964 | 12 |
| DRD3 | P35462 | 7 |
| MTHFR | P42898 | 4 |
| RTN4R | Q9BZR6 | 2 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 22. Enrichment computed across 5 evidence-associated genes (5 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 5 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase | 1 | 1142.0× | 0.012 | COMT |
| Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT | 1 | 761.3× | 0.012 | COMT |
| p75NTR regulates axonogenesis | 1 | 456.8× | 0.012 | RTN4R |
| Dopamine receptors | 1 | 456.8× | 0.012 | DRD3 |
| Axonal growth inhibition (RHOA activation) | 1 | 253.8× | 0.017 | RTN4R |
| Serotonin receptors | 1 | 190.3× | 0.019 | HTR2A |
| Methylation | 1 | 163.1× | 0.019 | COMT |
| Metabolism of folate and pterines | 1 | 126.9× | 0.022 | MTHFR |
| Amine ligand-binding receptors | 1 | 69.2× | 0.035 | HTR2A |
| p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling | 1 | 37.4× | 0.055 | RTN4R |
| Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors | 1 | 36.2× | 0.055 | MTHFR |
| Death Receptor Signaling | 1 | 27.9× | 0.065 | RTN4R |
| Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors | 1 | 23.3× | 0.068 | MTHFR |
| Potential therapeutics for SARS | 1 | 22.8× | 0.068 | COMT |
| Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) | 1 | 14.8× | 0.096 | HTR2A |
| GPCR ligand binding | 1 | 12.8× | 0.102 | HTR2A |
| Signal Transduction | 2 | 4.1× | 0.102 | RTN4R, HTR2A |
| G alpha (q) signalling events | 1 | 11.5× | 0.103 | HTR2A |
| GPCR downstream signalling | 1 | 8.7× | 0.127 | HTR2A |
| Signaling by GPCR | 1 | 8.0× | 0.128 | HTR2A |
| G alpha (i) signalling events | 1 | 7.8× | 0.128 | DRD3 |
| Metabolism | 1 | 2.3× | 0.362 | MTHFR |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 5 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| response to xenobiotic stimulus | 4 | 55.2× | 3e-05 | COMT, DRD3, HTR2A, MTHFR |
| negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | 2 | 674.1× | 2e-04 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| regulation of dopamine secretion | 2 | 481.5× | 3e-04 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| dopamine metabolic process | 2 | 396.5× | 3e-04 | COMT, DRD3 |
| behavioral response to cocaine | 2 | 337.0× | 3e-04 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | 2 | 337.0× | 3e-04 | COMT, HTR2A |
| visual learning | 2 | 122.6× | 0.002 | COMT, DRD3 |
| norepinephrine secretion | 1 | 3370.4× | 0.004 | COMT |
| response to dopamine | 1 | 3370.4× | 0.004 | COMT |
| memory | 2 | 73.3× | 0.004 | COMT, HTR2A |
| response to vitamin B2 | 1 | 1685.2× | 0.005 | MTHFR |
| catecholamine catabolic process | 1 | 1685.2× | 0.005 | COMT |
| protein localization to cytoskeleton | 1 | 1685.2× | 0.005 | HTR2A |
| musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action | 1 | 1685.2× | 0.005 | DRD3 |
| positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.005 | HTR2A |
| dopamine secretion | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.005 | COMT |
| S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.005 | MTHFR |
| acid secretion | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.005 | DRD3 |
| sensitization | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.005 | HTR2A |
| renal filtration | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.005 | COMT |
| renin secretion into blood stream | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | COMT |
| cellular response to phosphate starvation | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | COMT |
| response to histamine | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | DRD3 |
| renal sodium excretion | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | COMT |
| habituation | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | COMT |
| positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | DRD3 |
| mastication | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | COMT |
| G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | HTR2A |
| intracellular calcium ion homeostasis | 2 | 58.1× | 0.005 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| response to hypoxia | 2 | 38.3× | 0.005 | COMT, MTHFR |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 3 · Undrugged: 2
Druggability breadth: 3 of 5 evidence-associated genes (60%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| COMT | OPICAPONE |
| DRD3 | CABERGOLINE |
| HTR2A | PIMOZIDE |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| DRD3 | 448 | 4 |
| HTR2A | 385 | 4 |
| COMT | 3 | 4 |
| RTN4R | 0 | 0 |
| MTHFR | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| OPICAPONE | 4 | COMT |
| TOLCAPONE | 4 | COMT |
| ENTACAPONE | 4 | COMT |
| CABERGOLINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| APOMORPHINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| HALOPERIDOL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| ROPINIROLE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| DOPAMINE | 4 | DRD3 |
| CETIRIZINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| AMIFOSTINE | 4 | DRD3 |
| BEPRIDIL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| CHOLECALCIFEROL | 4 | DRD3 |
| SIMVASTATIN | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| METHYSERGIDE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| OXAPROZIN | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| PROPIVERINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| ACETOPHENAZINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| MESORIDAZINE | 4 | DRD3 |
| VALPROIC ACID | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| INDACATEROL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| IMIPRAMINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| DROPERIDOL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| RIMONABANT | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| IDARUBICIN | 4 | DRD3 |
| DICYCLOMINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| SAQUINAVIR | 4 | DRD3 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| HTR2A | 1,639 | Binding:1250, Functional:345, ADMET:41, Toxicity:2, Unclassified:1 |
| DRD3 | 1,359 | Binding:1088, Functional:262, ADMET:6, Unclassified:3 |
| COMT | 55 | Binding:47, ADMET:8 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| COMT | 2.1.1.6 | catechol O-methyltransferase |
| MTHFR | 1.5.1.20, 1.5.1.53 | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H], methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| DRD3 | 1,359 |
| HTR2A | 1,639 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 5; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 2.
Cohort genes with a CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline
| Symbol | CPIC guidelines |
|---|---|
| COMT | 1 |
| HTR2A | 1 |
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| OPICAPONE | 4 | COMT |
| TOLCAPONE | 4 | COMT |
| ENTACAPONE | 4 | COMT |
| CABERGOLINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| APOMORPHINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| HALOPERIDOL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| ROPINIROLE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| DOPAMINE | 4 | DRD3 |
| CETIRIZINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| AMIFOSTINE | 4 | DRD3 |
| BEPRIDIL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| CHOLECALCIFEROL | 4 | DRD3 |
| SIMVASTATIN | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| METHYSERGIDE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| OXAPROZIN | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| PROPIVERINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| ACETOPHENAZINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| MESORIDAZINE | 4 | DRD3 |
| VALPROIC ACID | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| INDACATEROL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| IMIPRAMINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| DROPERIDOL | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| RIMONABANT | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| IDARUBICIN | 4 | DRD3 |
| DICYCLOMINE | 4 | DRD3, HTR2A |
| SAQUINAVIR | 4 | DRD3 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 3 | COMT, DRD3, HTR2A |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 1 | MTHFR |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 1 | RTN4R |
Undrugged target profiles
2 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| RTN4R | 0 | — |
| MTHFR | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 0.