Seasonal allergic rhinitis

Summary

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (MONDO:0005324) is a disease with 36 cohort genes (62 GWAS associations across 37 studies) and 225 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include azelastine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 36
• GWAS associations: 62
• Clinical trials: 225

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	seasonal allergic rhinitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005324
EFO	EFO:0003956
MeSH	D006255
NCIT	C92188
SNOMED CT	367498001
UMLS	C0018621
MedGen	42335
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: hay fever · seasonal allergic rhinitis

Data availability: 62 GWAS associations (37 studies).

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › respiratory system disorder › allergic respiratory disease › allergic rhinitis › seasonal allergic rhinitis

Related subtypes (2): vasomotor rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

62 GWAS associations across 37 studies. Top hits map to 23 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs3135359	2e-27	TSBP1-AS1 - HLA-DRA	C	0.11
rs9807989	4e-24	IL18R1	C	0.1
rs148350127	5e-24	SLC25A46 - BCLAF1P1	GT	0.16
rs5743618	1e-23	TLR1	A	0.1
rs11236797	4e-22	EMSY - LINC02757	A	0.08
rs34290285	8e-21	D2HGDH	A	0.09
rs6594499	9e-21	WDR36 - RPS3AP21	A	0.08
rs1494564	2e-18	SPEF2 - IL7R	T	0.08
rs7744020	1e-17	HLA-DQA1 - HLA-DQB1	A	0.08
rs3939286	7e-17	GTF3AP1 - IL33	C	0.08
rs9273373	4e-14	HLA-DQA1 - HLA-DQB1	G	1.24
rs17293632	5e-14	SMAD3	T	0.08
rs7688384	6e-14	BLTP1	T	0.07
rs1050538	3e-13	HLA-B	G	0.12
rs1140310	8e-13	HLA-DQB1	C	0.1
chr6:32631116	1e-12		T	0.12
rs891058	2e-12	LINC00299	A	0.07
rs4833095	5e-12	TLR1	T	1.2
rs62395310	1e-11	HCP5	C	0.19
rs1438673	3e-11	WDR36 - RPS3AP21	C	1.16
rs10197862	4e-11	IL1RL1, IL18R1	A	1.24
rs7212938	4e-10	GSDMA	G	1.16
rs1837253	1e-09	BCLAF1P1 - TSLP	C	1.17
rs7775228	2e-09	HLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P1	C	1.33
rs72699186	2e-09	RANBP6 - GTF3AP1	T	1.26
rs17294280	4e-09	SMAD3	G	1.18
rs7009110	4e-09	RPL13AP18 - RNU6-1213P	T	1.14
rs3213749	4e-09	CD207	T	0.11
rs13414647	4e-09	CLEC4F - CD207	A	0.1
rs2155219	1e-08	EMSY - LINC02757	T	1.22

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90079457	Backman JD	2021	101,576	39,385	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90083443	Backman JD	2021	101,576	39,385	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90078861	Backman JD	2021	24,550	83,699	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90082847	Backman JD	2021	24,550	83,699	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90681845	Namba S	2026	19,725	147,032	A cross-population compendium of gene-environment interactions.
GCST90681892	Namba S	2026	19,725	147,032	A cross-population compendium of gene-environment interactions.
GCST90681986	Namba S	2026	19,591	144,891	A cross-population compendium of gene-environment interactions.
GCST90682362	Namba S	2026	19,572	253,881	A cross-population compendium of gene-environment interactions.
GCST90682409	Namba S	2026	19,572	253,881	A cross-population compendium of gene-environment interactions.
GCST90682597	Namba S	2026	19,572	253,847	A cross-population compendium of gene-environment interactions.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	4
Tier 2: splice/UTR	1
Tier 3: regulatory	3
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	42

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	48
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	1
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	1

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	21
intergenic_variant	16
missense_variant	4
regulatory_region_variant	3
synonymous_variant	3
unknown	1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1
3_prime_UTR_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs3135359	6	32422801	T>A,C	0.271	intron_variant	TSBP1-AS1 - HLA-DRA	2e-27	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9807989	2	102354740	T>C,G	0.321	intergenic_variant	IL18R1	4e-24	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs148350127	5	110826103	G>GT	0.085	intergenic_variant	SLC25A46 - BCLAF1P1	5e-24	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs5743618	4	38797027	C>A,G	0.226	missense_variant	TLR1	1e-23	Tier 1: coding
rs11236797	11	76588605	C>A	0.451	regulatory_region_variant	EMSY - LINC02757	4e-22	Tier 3: regulatory
rs34290285	2	241759225	G>A	0.255	intron_variant	D2HGDH	8e-21	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6594499	5	111134439	C>A	0.484	regulatory_region_variant	WDR36 - RPS3AP21	9e-21	Tier 3: regulatory
rs1494564	5	35851729	C>A,G,T	0.293	intron_variant	SPEF2 - IL7R	2e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7744020	6	32658353	G>A	0.306	intergenic_variant	HLA-DQA1 - HLA-DQB1	1e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs3939286	9	6210099	T>A,C	0.253	intergenic_variant	GTF3AP1 - IL33	7e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9273373	6	32658824	A>G,T	0.46	intergenic_variant	HLA-DQA1 - HLA-DQB1	4e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17293632	15	67150258	C>A,T	0.237	intron_variant	SMAD3	5e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7688384	4	122307977	C>G,T	0.315	synonymous_variant	BLTP1	6e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1050538	6	31356822	T>A,C,G	0.156	missense_variant	HLA-B	3e-13	Tier 1: coding
rs1140310	6	32665006	A>C,T	0.302	synonymous_variant	HLA-DQB1	8e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:32631116							1e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs891058	2	8302417	G>A	0.295	regulatory_region_variant	LINC00299	2e-12	Tier 3: regulatory
rs4833095	4	38798089	T>A,C	0.26	missense_variant	TLR1	5e-12	Tier 1: coding
rs62395310	6	31468553	T>C	0.032	intron_variant	HCP5	1e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1438673	5	111131801	C>A,G,T	0.49	intergenic_variant	WDR36 - RPS3AP21	3e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10197862	2	102350089	A>G	0.15	intron_variant	IL1RL1, IL18R1	4e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7212938	17	39966427	G>A,C,T	0.46	missense_variant	GSDMA	4e-10	Tier 1: coding
rs1837253	5	111066174	T>C	0.29	intron_variant	BCLAF1P1 - TSLP	1e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7775228	6	32690302	T>A,C	0.13	non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	HLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P1	2e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs72699186	9	6175855	A>T	0.15	intergenic_variant	RANBP6 - GTF3AP1	2e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17294280	15	67175947	A>G	0.23	intron_variant	SMAD3	4e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7009110	8	80379644	T>C	0.36	intron_variant	RPL13AP18 - RNU6-1213P	4e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs3213749	2	70831775	G>T	0.124	synonymous_variant	CD207	4e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs13414647	2	70829610	G>A,C,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	CLEC4F - CD207	4e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2155219	11	76588150	G>T	0.47	intergenic_variant	EMSY - LINC02757	1e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 25 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
IKZF3	Orphanet:67038	B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
IKZF3	Orphanet:699590	Immune dysregulation with immunodeficiency due to AIOLOS haploinsufficiency
IKZF3	Orphanet:699593	Combined immunodeficiency-lymphopenia-cancer predisposing syndrome due to AIOLOS deficiency
SLC25A46	Orphanet:2254	Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1
SLC25A46	Orphanet:90120	Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 6
DNAH5	Orphanet:244	Primary ciliary dyskinesia
GLI3	Orphanet:36	Acrocallosal syndrome
GLI3	Orphanet:380	Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
GLI3	Orphanet:672	Pallister-Hall syndrome
GLI3	Orphanet:93322	Isolated tibial hemimelia
GLI3	Orphanet:93334	Postaxial polydactyly type A
GLI3	Orphanet:93335	Postaxial polydactyly type B
GLI3	Orphanet:93338	Polysyndactyly
HLA-DQB1	Orphanet:2073	Narcolepsy type 1
HLA-DQB1	Orphanet:477738	Pediatric multiple sclerosis
HLA-DQB1	Orphanet:703	Bullous pemphigoid
HLA-DQB1	Orphanet:83465	Narcolepsy type 2
HLA-DQB1	Orphanet:930	Idiopathic achalasia
IL2RA	Orphanet:169100	Immunodeficiency due to CD25 deficiency
IL2RA	Orphanet:85408	Rheumatoid factor-negative polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
IL2RA	Orphanet:85410	Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
SMAD3	Orphanet:284984	Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome
SMAD3	Orphanet:60030	Loeys-Dietz syndrome
SMAD3	Orphanet:91387	Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection
PTHLH	Orphanet:93387	Brachydactyly type E

Cohort genes → proteins

36 cohort genes, 36 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
gwas_only	36

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
SEMA6A	HGNC:10738	ENSG00000092421	Q9H2E6	Semaphorin-6A	gwas
SIM2	HGNC:10883	ENSG00000159263	Q14190	Single-minded homolog 2	gwas
TLR1	HGNC:11847	ENSG00000174125	Q15399	Toll-like receptor 1	gwas
TNS1	HGNC:11973	ENSG00000079308	Q9HBL0	Tensin-1	gwas
VAV3	HGNC:12659	ENSG00000134215	Q9UKW4	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3	gwas
IKZF3	HGNC:13178	ENSG00000161405	Q9UKT9	Zinc finger protein Aiolos	gwas
GSDMA	HGNC:13311	ENSG00000167914	Q96QA5	Gasdermin-A	gwas
IL33	HGNC:16028	ENSG00000137033	O95760	Interleukin-33	gwas
RBM17	HGNC:16944	ENSG00000134453	Q96I25	Splicing factor 45	gwas
EMSY	HGNC:18071	ENSG00000158636	Q7Z589	BRCA2-interacting transcriptional repressor EMSY	gwas
CROCC	HGNC:21299	ENSG00000058453	Q5TZA2	Rootletin	gwas
DHRS7	HGNC:21524	ENSG00000100612	Q9Y394	Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7	gwas
TAFA2	HGNC:21589	ENSG00000198673	Q8N3H0	Chemokine-like protein TAFA-2	gwas
SLC25A46	HGNC:25198	ENSG00000164209	Q96AG3	Mitochondrial outer membrane protein SLC25A46	gwas
XKR6	HGNC:27806	ENSG00000171044	Q5GH73	XK-related protein 6	gwas
TMEM108	HGNC:28451	ENSG00000144868	Q6UXF1	Transmembrane protein 108	gwas
CLEC16A	HGNC:29013	ENSG00000038532	Q2KHT3	Protein CLEC16A	gwas
DNAH5	HGNC:2950	ENSG00000039139	Q8TE73	Dynein axonemal heavy chain 5	gwas
WDR36	HGNC:30696	ENSG00000134987	Q8NI36	WD repeat-containing protein 36	gwas
TSLP	HGNC:30743	ENSG00000145777	Q969D9	Thymic stromal lymphopoietin	gwas
ZBTB10	HGNC:30953	ENSG00000205189	Q96DT7	Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 10	gwas
EDIL3	HGNC:3173	ENSG00000164176	O43854	EGF-like repeat and discoidin I-like domain-containing protein 3	gwas
ENTPD6	HGNC:3368	ENSG00000197586	O75354	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6	gwas
EPS15	HGNC:3419	ENSG00000085832	P42566	Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15	gwas
TMEM232	HGNC:37270	ENSG00000186952	C9JQI7	Transmembrane protein 232	gwas
LRRC32	HGNC:4161	ENSG00000137507	Q14392	Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32	gwas
GLI3	HGNC:4319	ENSG00000106571	P10071	Transcriptional activator GLI3	gwas
HLA-DQB1	HGNC:4944	ENSG00000179344	P01920	HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain	gwas
IL1RL1	HGNC:5998	ENSG00000115602	Q01638	Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1	gwas
IL2	HGNC:6001	ENSG00000109471	P60568	Interleukin-2	gwas
IL2RA	HGNC:6008	ENSG00000134460	P01589	Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha	gwas
SMAD3	HGNC:6769	ENSG00000166949	P84022	SMAD family member 3	gwas
ABL2	HGNC:77	ENSG00000143322	P42684	Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2	gwas
PPM1A	HGNC:9275	ENSG00000100614	P35813	Protein phosphatase 1A	gwas
PTHLH	HGNC:9607	ENSG00000087494	P12272	Parathyroid hormone-related protein	gwas
RANBP6	HGNC:9851	ENSG00000137040	O60518	Ran-binding protein 6	gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
SEMA6A	Semaphorin-6A	Cell surface receptor for PLXNA2 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling.
SIM2	Single-minded homolog 2	Transcription factor that may be a master gene of CNS development in cooperation with Arnt.
TLR1	Toll-like receptor 1	Participates in the innate immune response to microbial agents.
TNS1	Tensin-1	May act as a protein phosphatase and/or a lipid phosphatase.
VAV3	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3	Exchange factor for GTP-binding proteins RhoA, RhoG and, to a lesser extent, Rac1.
IKZF3	Zinc finger protein Aiolos	Transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of lymphocyte differentiation.
GSDMA	Gasdermin-A	This form constitutes the precursor of the pore-forming protein and acts as a sensor of infection: upon infection by S.pyogenes, specifically cleaved by S.pyogenes effector protein SpeB in epithelial cells, releasing the N-terminal moiety…
IL33	Interleukin-33	Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells.
RBM17	Splicing factor 45	Splice factor that binds to the single-stranded 3’AG at the exon/intron border and promotes its utilization in the second catalytic step.
EMSY	BRCA2-interacting transcriptional repressor EMSY	Regulator which is able to repress transcription, possibly via its interaction with a multiprotein chromatin remodeling complex that modifies the chromatin.
CROCC	Rootletin	Major structural component of the ciliary rootlet, a cytoskeletal-like structure in ciliated cells which originates from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium and extends proximally toward the cell nucleus.
DHRS7	Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7	NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase which catalyzes the reduction of a variety of compounds bearing carbonyl groups including steroids, retinoids and xenobiotics.
TAFA2	Chemokine-like protein TAFA-2	Has a role as neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal survival and neurobiological functions.
SLC25A46	Mitochondrial outer membrane protein SLC25A46	Transmembrane protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane that controls mitochondrial organization.
TMEM108	Transmembrane protein 108	Transmembrane protein required for proper cognitive functions.
CLEC16A	Protein CLEC16A	Regulator of mitophagy through the upstream regulation of the RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathway.
DNAH5	Dynein axonemal heavy chain 5	Force generating protein of respiratory cilia.
WDR36	WD repeat-containing protein 36	Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit.
TSLP	Thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Cytokine that induces the release of T-cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and, in particular, enhances the maturation of CD11c(+) dendritic cells.
ZBTB10	Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 10	May be involved in transcriptional regulation.
EDIL3	EGF-like repeat and discoidin I-like domain-containing protein 3	Promotes adhesion of endothelial cells through interaction with the alpha-v/beta-3 integrin receptor.
ENTPD6	Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6	Catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates in a calcium- or magnesium-dependent manner.
EPS15	Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15	Involved in cell growth regulation.
TMEM232	Transmembrane protein 232	Plays a critical role for male fertility and sperm motility by regulating sperm cytoplasm removal and maintaining axoneme integrity.
LRRC32	Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32	Key regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3) that controls TGF-beta activation by maintaining it in a latent state during storage in extracellular space.
GLI3	Transcriptional activator GLI3	Has a dual function as a transcriptional activator and a repressor of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, and plays a role in limb development.
HLA-DQB1	HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain	Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells.
IL1RL1	Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1	Receptor for interleukin-33 (IL-33) which plays crucial roles in innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to tissue homeostasis and responses to environmental stresses together with coreceptor IL1RAP.
IL2	Interleukin-2	Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance.
IL2RA	Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha	Receptor for interleukin-2.
SMAD3	SMAD family member 3	Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases.
ABL2	Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2	Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1-overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion and receptor endo…
PPM1A	Protein phosphatase 1A	Enzyme with a broad specificity.
PTHLH	Parathyroid hormone-related protein	Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport.
RANBP6	Ran-binding protein 6	May function in nuclear protein import as nuclear transport receptor.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 7 · Difficult: 7 · Unknown: 22 · Druggable fraction: 0.19

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Complement	1	7.4×	0.504
Phosphatase	2	4.7×	0.504
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	2	1.6×	0.561
Scaffold/PPI	3	1.4×	0.561
Other/Unknown	22	1.1×	0.561
Transcription factor	4	0.9×	0.839
Kinase	1	0.8×	0.839
Enzyme (other)	1	0.3×	0.957

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
SEMA6A	Scaffold/PPI	no		Semap_dom, Plexin_repeat, WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf
SIM2	Transcription factor	no		PAS, PAC, SIM_C
TLR1	Other/Unknown	no		TIR_dom, Cys-rich_flank_reg_C, Leu-rich_rpt
TNS1	Phosphatase	yes		SH2, PKC_DAG/PE, Tyr_Pase_cat
VAV3	Scaffold/PPI	no		DH_dom, SH2, GDS_CDC24_CS
IKZF3	Transcription factor	no		Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf, Ikaros_C2H2-ZF
GSDMA	Other/Unknown	no		Gasdermin, Gasdermin_pore, Gasdermin_PUB
IL33	Other/Unknown	no		IL-33, IL33_C
RBM17	Other/Unknown	no		G_patch_dom, RRM_dom, RRM_euk-type
EMSY	Other/Unknown	no		ENT_dom, EMSY, ENT_dom-like_sf
CROCC	Other/Unknown	no		Rootletin-like_CC
DHRS7	Other/Unknown	no		SDR_fam, Sc_DH/Rdtase_CS, NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf
TAFA2	Other/Unknown	no		Chemokine-like_TAFA, TAFA_chemokine-like
SLC25A46	Other/Unknown	no		MCP_transmembrane, MCP_dom_sf, SLC25A46
XKR6	Other/Unknown	no		XK-rel, XK-related_scramblase
TMEM108	Other/Unknown	no		TMEM108
CLEC16A	Other/Unknown	no		CLEC16A/TT9_N, CLEC16A/TT9, CLEC16A/TT9_C
DNAH5	Other/Unknown	no		AAA+_ATPase, Dhc_D6_P-loop, Dynein_heavy_tail
WDR36	Scaffold/PPI	no		WD40_rpt, WDR36/Utp21_C, WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf
TSLP	Other/Unknown	no		TSLP, TSLP_sf
ZBTB10	Transcription factor	no		BTB/POZ_dom, SKP1/BTB/POZ_sf, Znf_C2H2_type
EDIL3	Other/Unknown	no		EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, FA58C, EGF
ENTPD6	Enzyme (other)	yes	3.6.1.6	GDA1_CD39_NTPase
EPS15	Other/Unknown	no		EH_dom, EF_hand_dom, UIM_dom
TMEM232	Other/Unknown	no		TMEM232
LRRC32	Other/Unknown	no		LRRNT, Leu-rich_rpt, Leu-rich_rpt_typical-subtyp
GLI3	Transcription factor	no		Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf, GLI-like
HLA-DQB1	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		MHC_II_b_N, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
IL1RL1	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		TIR_dom, Ig_sub2, Ig_sub
IL2	Other/Unknown	no		IL-2, 4_helix_cytokine-like_core, IL-2_CS
IL2RA	Complement	yes		Sushi_SCR_CCP_dom, IL-2_rcpt_alpha, Sushi/SCR/CCP_sf
SMAD3	Other/Unknown	no		SMAD_dom, MAD_homology1_Dwarfin-type, SMAD_FHA_dom_sf
ABL2	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.2	Prot_kinase_dom, SH2, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom
PPM1A	Phosphatase	yes	3.1.3.16	PP2C_BS, PPM-type_phosphatase-like_dom, PP2C_C
PTHLH	Other/Unknown	no		PTH/PTH-rel, PTH-rel
RANBP6	Other/Unknown	no		HEAT, ARM-like, ARM-type_fold

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

33 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	36
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
buccal mucosa cell	4
calcaneal tendon	3
secondary oocyte	3
sperm	3
primordial germ cell in gonad	3
tendon of biceps brachii	3
inferior vagus X ganglion	2
lateral globus pallidus	2
esophagus squamous epithelium	2
renal medulla	2
lymph node	2
right coronary artery	2
cortical plate	2
ventricular zone	2
right hemisphere of cerebellum	2
right uterine tube	2
sural nerve	2
oocyte	2
Brodmann (1909) area 23	2
bronchial epithelial cell	2

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
SEMA6A	266	ubiquitous	marker	inferior vagus X ganglion, adrenal tissue, lateral globus pallidus
SIM2	135	broad	marker	renal medulla, lower esophagus mucosa, esophagus squamous epithelium
TLR1	218	broad	marker	monocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte
TNS1	289	ubiquitous	marker	blood vessel layer, saphenous vein, urethra
VAV3	258	ubiquitous	marker	tongue squamous epithelium, renal medulla, esophagus squamous epithelium
IKZF3	155	broad	marker	granulocyte, lymph node, epithelium of nasopharynx
GSDMA	108	tissue_specific	yes	skin of leg, zone of skin, skin of abdomen
IL33	239	broad	marker	calcaneal tendon, right coronary artery, olfactory segment of nasal mucosa
RBM17	256	ubiquitous	marker	metanephros cortex, left lobe of thyroid gland, body of uterus
EMSY	260	ubiquitous	marker	ventricular zone, calcaneal tendon, cortical plate
CROCC	222	broad	marker	right uterine tube, sural nerve, right hemisphere of cerebellum
DHRS7	297	ubiquitous	marker	parotid gland, gastrocnemius, muscle of leg
TAFA2	201	broad	marker	secondary oocyte, buccal mucosa cell, primary visual cortex
SLC25A46	290	ubiquitous	marker	sperm, secondary oocyte, oocyte
XKR6	167	ubiquitous	yes	buccal mucosa cell, primordial germ cell in gonad, middle temporal gyrus
TMEM108	206	broad	marker	cortical plate, Brodmann (1909) area 23, ganglionic eminence
CLEC16A	225	ubiquitous	marker	left testis, right testis, testis
DNAH5	184	broad	marker	bronchial epithelial cell, bronchus, oviduct epithelium
WDR36	249	ubiquitous	marker	calcaneal tendon, tibialis anterior, deltoid
TSLP	173	ubiquitous	marker	epithelial cell of pancreas, gall bladder, cartilage tissue
ZBTB10	264	ubiquitous	marker	secondary oocyte, cauda epididymis, mucosa of paranasal sinus
EDIL3	274	ubiquitous	marker	lateral globus pallidus, inferior vagus X ganglion, substantia nigra pars reticulata
ENTPD6	261	ubiquitous	marker	apex of heart, right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere
EPS15	295	ubiquitous	marker	endothelial cell, sperm, male germ cell
TMEM232	173	broad	marker	bronchial epithelial cell, right uterine tube, bronchus
LRRC32	220	ubiquitous	marker	right coronary artery, left coronary artery, right lung
GLI3	263	ubiquitous	marker	ventricular zone, olfactory bulb, tendon of biceps brachii
HLA-DQB1	268	broad	marker	right lung, spleen, upper lobe of left lung
IL1RL1	197	tissue_specific	marker	upper lobe of left lung, upper lobe of lung, decidua
IL2	92		yes	primordial germ cell in gonad, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, buccal mucosa cell

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 14.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
SMAD3	6,440
DHRS7	3,546
EPS15	3,461
WDR36	3,290
IKZF3	3,285
PPM1A	3,228
TLR1	3,071
GLI3	2,825
ABL2	2,697
IL33	2,660

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
CLEC16A	ZBTB10	string_interaction
EMSY	LRRC32	string_interaction
EMSY	SLC25A46	string_interaction
EMSY	TMEM232	string_interaction
EMSY	WDR36	string_interaction
IL1RL1	IL33	biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction
IL1RL1	TSLP	string_interaction
IL2	IL2RA	intact
IL2RA	RBM17	string_interaction
IL2RA	SLC25A46	biogrid_interaction
IL33	TSLP	string_interaction
LRRC32	WDR36	string_interaction
PPM1A	SMAD3	string_interaction
SLC25A46	TMEM232	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 24 · AlphaFold-only: 12 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
IL2	P60568	37
EPS15	P42566	13
SMAD3	P84022	12
PTHLH	P12272	11
HLA-DQB1	P01920	10
IL2RA	P01589	10
PPM1A	P35813	10
ABL2	P42684	9
TLR1	Q15399	6
LRRC32	Q14392	6
IL33	O95760	5
TSLP	Q969D9	5
RBM17	Q96I25	4
EMSY	Q7Z589	3
WDR36	Q8NI36	3
CROCC	Q5TZA2	2
ZBTB10	Q96DT7	2
SEMA6A	Q9H2E6	1
VAV3	Q9UKW4	1
SLC25A46	Q96AG3	1
DNAH5	Q8TE73	1
EDIL3	O43854	1
GLI3	P10071	1
IL1RL1	Q01638	1

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
DHRS7	Q9Y394	94.21
RANBP6	O60518	91.28
TAFA2	Q8N3H0	87.99
ENTPD6	O75354	83.21
GSDMA	Q96QA5	80.60
TMEM232	C9JQI7	73.29
CLEC16A	Q2KHT3	72.17
XKR6	Q5GH73	64.85
SIM2	Q14190	63.05
TNS1	Q9HBL0	53.42
IKZF3	Q9UKT9	48.06
TMEM108	Q6UXF1	45.75

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 126. Enrichment computed across 36 evidence-associated genes (20 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 20 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Interleukin-33 signaling	2	380.7×	0.001	IL33, IL1RL1
RUNX1 and FOXP3 control the development of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs)	2	114.2×	0.008	IL2, IL2RA
Interleukin-2 signaling	2	95.2×	0.008	IL2, IL2RA
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling	2	40.8×	0.033	IL2, IL2RA
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity	2	36.8×	0.033	SMAD3, PPM1A
Loss of Function of SMAD4 in Cancer	1	190.3×	0.083	SMAD3
SMAD4 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer	1	190.3×	0.083	SMAD3
SMAD2/3 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer	1	190.3×	0.083	SMAD3
Loss of Function of TGFBR1 in Cancer	1	114.2×	0.094	SMAD3
RUNX3 regulates BCL2L11 (BIM) transcription	1	114.2×	0.094	SMAD3
Loss of Function of SMAD2/3 in Cancer	1	95.2×	0.094	SMAD3
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex in Cancer	1	95.2×	0.094	SMAD3
SMAD2/3 Phosphorylation Motif Mutants in Cancer	1	95.2×	0.094	SMAD3
TGFBR1 KD Mutants in Cancer	1	95.2×	0.094	SMAD3
GLI proteins bind promoters of Hh responsive genes to promote transcription	1	81.6×	0.096	GLI3
RUNX3 regulates CDKN1A transcription	1	81.6×	0.096	SMAD3
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NTPDase proteins	1	71.4×	0.103	ENTPD6
Role of ABL in ROBO-SLIT signaling	1	63.4×	0.110	ABL2
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling	2	9.7×	0.118	IL33, IL1RL1
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in extracellular matrix, focal adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	1	43.9×	0.126	EDIL3
Formation of axial mesoderm	1	40.8×	0.126	SMAD3
Signaling by Activin	1	38.1×	0.126	SMAD3
InlB-mediated entry of Listeria monocytogenes into host cell	1	38.1×	0.126	EPS15
Negative regulation of FLT3	1	35.7×	0.126	ABL2
Formation of definitive endoderm	1	35.7×	0.126	SMAD3
FOXO-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes	1	33.6×	0.126	SMAD3
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways	1	33.6×	0.126	SMAD3
Germ layer formation at gastrulation	1	33.6×	0.126	SMAD3
Other semaphorin interactions	1	30.1×	0.126	SEMA6A
MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4)	1	30.1×	0.126	TLR1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 35 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
positive regulation of interleukin-5 production	3	120.4×	7e-04	IL33, TSLP, IL1RL1
regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	2	481.5×	9e-04	IL2, IL2RA
regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation	2	321.0×	0.002	IL2, IL2RA
negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response	2	192.6×	0.004	IL33, IL1RL1
interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway	2	120.4×	0.005	IL2, IL2RA
interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway	2	120.4×	0.005	IL33, IL1RL1
positive regulation of chemokine production	3	32.1×	0.005	IL33, TSLP, IL1RL1
positive regulation of inflammatory response	4	16.6×	0.005	IL33, TSLP, IL1RL1, IL2
immune response	6	8.1×	0.005	TLR1, HLA-DQB1, IL1RL1, IL2, IL2RA, SMAD3
activated T cell proliferation	2	107.0×	0.006	IL2, IL2RA
positive regulation of interleukin-13 production	2	64.2×	0.016	IL33, TSLP
osteoblast development	2	56.6×	0.019	SMAD3, PTHLH
positive regulation of macrophage activation	2	48.1×	0.025	IL33, IL1RL1
positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	2	45.9×	0.026	GLI3, SMAD3
regulation of T cell tolerance induction	1	481.5×	0.026	IL2RA
positive regulation of cellular defense response	1	481.5×	0.026	IL33
lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation	1	481.5×	0.026	GLI3
lambdoid suture morphogenesis	1	481.5×	0.026	GLI3
sagittal suture morphogenesis	1	481.5×	0.026	GLI3
mammary gland specification	1	481.5×	0.026	GLI3
anterior semicircular canal development	1	481.5×	0.026	GLI3
lateral semicircular canal development	1	481.5×	0.026	GLI3
negative regulation of lung blood pressure	1	481.5×	0.026	SMAD3
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production	1	481.5×	0.026	TSLP
negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis	1	481.5×	0.026	SEMA6A
negative regulation of macrophage proliferation	1	481.5×	0.026	IL33
regulation of miRNA transcription	1	481.5×	0.026	SMAD3
developmental growth	2	41.9×	0.026	GLI3, SMAD3
negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	2	38.5×	0.026	GLI3, PTHLH
positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	2	38.5×	0.026	IL2, IL2RA

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

15 approved, 17 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Beclomethasone Dipropionate	Approved (phase 4)
Budesonide	Approved (phase 4)
Camphor	Approved (phase 4)
Ciclesonide	Approved (phase 4)
Desloratadine	Approved (phase 4)
Dexamethasone	Approved (phase 4)
Epinephrine	Approved (phase 4)
Fluticasone Furoate	Approved (phase 4)
Fluticasone Propionate	Approved (phase 4)
Loratadine	Approved (phase 4)
Mometasone Furoate	Approved (phase 4)
Montelukast	Approved (phase 4)
Prednisone	Approved (phase 4)
Pseudoephedrine	Approved (phase 4)
Triamcinolone Acetonide	Approved (phase 4)
Albuterol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Azelastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bifidobacterium Spp.	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bilastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cetirizine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Epinastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Fexofenadine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lactobacillus Acidophilus	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Levocetirizine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mometasone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Olopatadine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Omalizumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Phenylephrine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Pranlukast	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Resveratrol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Setipiprant	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Stapokibart	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Asapiprant, Atropine, Bepotastine, Chlorpheniramine, Histamine, Levocabastine, Oxybutynin, Oxymetazoline.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 5 · Undrugged: 31

Druggability breadth: 16 of 36 evidence-associated genes (44%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
IKZF3	POMALIDOMIDE
SMAD3	FLUORESCEIN
ABL2	BOSUTINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
ABL2	63	4
IKZF3	5	4
IL2	2	2
SMAD3	2	4
RBM17	1	2
SEMA6A	0	0
SIM2	0	0
TLR1	0	0
TNS1	0	0
VAV3	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
POMALIDOMIDE	4	IKZF3
LENALIDOMIDE	4	IKZF3
THALIDOMIDE	4	IKZF3
FLUORESCEIN	4	SMAD3
BOSUTINIB	4	ABL2
IMATINIB	4	ABL2
PONATINIB	4	ABL2
FEDRATINIB	4	ABL2
TIVOZANIB	4	ABL2
AXITINIB	4	ABL2
SORAFENIB	4	ABL2
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	ABL2
IBRUTINIB	4	ABL2
DABRAFENIB	4	ABL2
CABOZANTINIB	4	ABL2
VANDETANIB	4	ABL2
NILOTINIB	4	ABL2
TOVORAFENIB	4	ABL2
PAZOPANIB	4	ABL2
NINTEDANIB	4	ABL2
SUNITINIB	4	ABL2
DASATINIB	4	ABL2
ERLOTINIB	4	ABL2
CRIZOTINIB	4	ABL2
GEFITINIB	4	ABL2
IBERDOMIDE	3	IKZF3
MASITINIB	3	ABL2
SARACATINIB	3	ABL2
CANERTINIB	3	ABL2
TESEVATINIB	3	ABL2

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 3.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
ABL2	358	Binding:356, Functional:1, ADMET:1
IKZF3	101	Binding:100, Functional:1
TLR1	59	Binding:59
IL2	35	Binding:34, ADMET:1
SMAD3	24	Binding:18, Functional:6
PPM1A	16	Binding:16
RBM17	12	Binding:12
TSLP	12	Binding:12
ZBTB10	3	Binding:3
EPS15	2	Binding:2
IL2RA	2	Binding:2
IL33	1	Binding:1
CROCC	1	Binding:1
WDR36	1	Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
ENTPD6	3.6.1.6	nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase
ABL2	2.7.10.2	non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase
PPM1A	3.1.3.16	protein-serine/threonine phosphatase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
IKZF3	101
ABL2	358

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 36; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
POMALIDOMIDE	4	IKZF3
LENALIDOMIDE	4	IKZF3
THALIDOMIDE	4	IKZF3
FLUORESCEIN	4	SMAD3
BOSUTINIB	4	ABL2
IMATINIB	4	ABL2
PONATINIB	4	ABL2
FEDRATINIB	4	ABL2
TIVOZANIB	4	ABL2
AXITINIB	4	ABL2
SORAFENIB	4	ABL2
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	ABL2
IBRUTINIB	4	ABL2
DABRAFENIB	4	ABL2
CABOZANTINIB	4	ABL2
VANDETANIB	4	ABL2
NILOTINIB	4	ABL2
TOVORAFENIB	4	ABL2
PAZOPANIB	4	ABL2
NINTEDANIB	4	ABL2
SUNITINIB	4	ABL2
DASATINIB	4	ABL2
ERLOTINIB	4	ABL2
CRIZOTINIB	4	ABL2
GEFITINIB	4	ABL2
IBERDOMIDE	3	IKZF3
MASITINIB	3	ABL2
SARACATINIB	3	ABL2
CANERTINIB	3	ABL2
TESEVATINIB	3	ABL2

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	3	IKZF3, SMAD3, ABL2
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	2	RBM17, IL2
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	4	HLA-DQB1, IL1RL1, IL2RA, PPM1A
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	2	TNS1, ENTPD6
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	25	SEMA6A, SIM2, TLR1, VAV3, GSDMA, IL33, EMSY, CROCC, DHRS7, TAFA2 (+15 more)

Undrugged target profiles

31 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
PPM1A	16	SMAD3
SEMA6A	0	—
SIM2	0	—
TLR1	59	—
TNS1	0	—
VAV3	0	—
GSDMA	0	—
IL33	1	—
EMSY	0	—
CROCC	1	—
DHRS7	0	—
TAFA2	0	—
SLC25A46	0	—
XKR6	0	—
TMEM108	0	—
CLEC16A	0	—
DNAH5	0	—
WDR36	1	—
TSLP	12	—
ZBTB10	3	—
EDIL3	0	—
ENTPD6	0	—
EPS15	2	—
TMEM232	0	—
LRRC32	0	—
GLI3	0	—
HLA-DQB1	0	—
IL1RL1	0	—
IL2RA	2	—
PTHLH	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 225.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	76
PHASE2	55
Not specified	40
PHASE4	36
PHASE1	9
PHASE1/PHASE2	7
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00160537	PHASE4	COMPLETED	POPULAR (Preference Of Patient Using Levocetirizine in Allergic Rhinitis)
NCT00223587	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis and Driving Ability
NCT00358527	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Mometasone Furoate on Sleep Disturbances in Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Study P04608) (COMPLETED)
NCT00361439	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00460538	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Lectranal® in Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
NCT00473915	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intranasal Steroids and the Nasal Ocular Response
NCT00488176	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of the Effect of Montelukast and Cetirizine on Allergic Inflammation in Children With Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00491504	PHASE4	COMPLETED	This Study Contains an Active Drug Treatment Group With Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray and a Placebo (Dummy) Treatment Group for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR). (Study P05073)(COMPLETED)
NCT00559546	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Montelukast as a Controller of Atopic Syndrome
NCT00561717	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Speed of a Nasal Spray in Allergen Induced Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00621959	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Impact on Health-related Quality of Life of Levocetirizine in Adults With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00637455	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Single Center, Randomized, Double-Blind,Crossover Study Comparing Effects Of Single-Dose Fexofenadine HCl 180 mg, Cetirizine 10 mg, and Placebo on Cognitive Performance in Naval Flight Personnel
NCT00637611	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized , Parallel Study Comparing Onset of Action, Efficacy & Safety of a Single-Dose of Fexofenadine HCl 180 mg vs Montelukast Na 10 mg & Placebo in Treating Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Subjects in an Allergen Exposure Unit
NCT00653224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Impact on Health-related Quality of Life of Levocetirizine in Adults With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00691665	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Olopatadine 0.6% and Fluticasone Proprionate 50mcg Nasal Sprays in a Two Week Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Trial
NCT00783133	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for Clarinex Tablets vs. Allegra Tablets in Patients With Seasonal Allergies (Study P03177)
NCT00783146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Desloratadine vs. Fexofenadine 180 mg. vs. Placebo for Treating Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR) (Study P04054)
NCT00783211	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Desloratadine vs. Fexofenadine 180 mg. vs. Placebo for Treating Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR)(Study P04053)(COMPLETED)
NCT00794248	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for Clarinex Tablets vs. Allegra Tablets in Patients With Seasonal Allergies (Study P03179)
NCT00794495	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for Clarinex Tablets vs. Zyrtec Tablets in Patients With Allergies (P03181)
NCT00794599	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for Clarinex Tablets vs. Zyrtec Tablets in Patients With Allergies (P03182)
NCT00794768	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for Clarinex Tablets vs Allegra Tablets in Patients With Seasonal Allergies (P03178)
NCT00794846	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Preference for Clarinex Tablets vs. Zyrtec Tablets in Patients With Allergies (P03180)
NCT00845195	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Treatment With 2 Antihistamines Used in Combination With Intranasal Corticosteroid
NCT00867191	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of the Effects of Desloratadine and Placebo in the Relief of Nasal Symptom Scores in Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis to Cypress Pollen (Study P02836)
NCT00997620	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Fluticasone Furoate Treatment of Daytime Somnolence and Cognitive Performance in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT01007253	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Veramyst and Olopatadine 0.2% Opthalmic Solution on Allergy Symptoms
NCT01103934	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Plus Fluticasone Propionate
NCT01475188	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Regulatory Lymphocytes in Patients Treated With Specific Immunotherapy
NCT01555736	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Perennial and Preseasonal Subcutaneous Immunotherapy
NCT01852513	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Allergic Rhinitis Changes the Sinus Microbiome
NCT02557269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	4S - Seasonal Symptoms Suppression Study
NCT02932774	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo Controlled, Multi-Center Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Cetirizine HCl Syrup vs. Loratadine Syrup vs. Placebo in Treatment of Children With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR)
NCT03004131	PHASE4	COMPLETED	MP-AzeFlu Allergen Chamber - Onset of Action Study
NCT04622917	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylprednisolone Injections Treating Birch Pollen Induced Allergic Rhinitis.
NCT04652245	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dymista Allergen Chamber - Onset of Action Study
NCT06846385	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Phase II/III Seamless Clinical Study of MG-K10 Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Injection in Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT07146126	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	A Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of PG-011 Nasal Spray in Adults With Moderate to Severe Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT07291284	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety of LP-003 Injection in Patients With Moderate to Severe Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00115622	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study In Adults And Adolescents With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
AZELASTINE	4	39
FEXOFENADINE	4	23
CETIRIZINE	4	16
MONTELUKAST	4	13
DESLORATADINE	4	10
LORATADINE	4	10
CICLESONIDE	4	9
BILASTINE	4	7
OLOPATADINE	4	7
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE	4	6
LEVOCETIRIZINE	4	5
MOMETASONE FUROATE	4	5
FLUTICASONE FUROATE	4	3
OXYBUTYNIN	4	3
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE	4	3
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE	4	2
BEPOTASTINE	4	2
OMALIZUMAB	4	2
PHENYLEPHRINE	4	2
CHOLECALCIFEROL	4	1
EPHEDRINE	4	1
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	4	1
PREDNISOLONE	4	1
MOMETASONE	3	4
MALTODEXTRIN	3	2
SETIPIPRANT	3	2
ASAPIPRANT	3	1
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	3	1
STAPOKIBART	3	1
GSK-256066	2	2