Sexually transmitted disease
diseaseOn this page
Also known as disease (VD), venerealdisease, sexually Transmitteddisease, venerealdiseases, sexually Transmitteddiseases, venerealinfection, sexually Transmittedinfections, sexually Transmittedsexually Transmitted disordersexually Transmitted infectionsexually Transmitted infectionsSTDSTDsSTISTIsTransmitted infection, sexuallyTransmitted infections, sexuallyVDVD, venereal diseasevenereal disease
Summary
Sexually transmitted disease (MONDO:0021681) is a disease with 2 GWAS associations across 10 studies and 372 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include doxycycline anhydrous, valacyclovir, and acyclovir. A subtype of reproductive system disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 2
- Clinical trials: 372
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | sexually transmitted disease |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0021681 |
| MeSH | D012749 |
| ICD-10-CM | A50-A64 |
| NCIT | C3365 |
| SNOMED CT | 8098009 |
| UMLS | C0036916 |
| MedGen | 11402 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: disease (VD), venereal · disease, sexually Transmitted · disease, venereal · diseases, sexually Transmitted · diseases, venereal · infection, sexually Transmitted · infections, sexually Transmitted · sexually transmitted disease · sexually Transmitted disorder · sexually Transmitted infection · sexually Transmitted infections · STD · STDs · STI · STIs · Transmitted infection, sexually · Transmitted infections, sexually · VD · VD, venereal disease · venereal disease (+2 more)
Data availability: 2 GWAS associations (10 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of reproductive system disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › reproductive system disorder › sexually transmitted disease
Related subtypes (29): pelvic organ prolapse, cortisone reductase deficiency, physiological sexual disorder, gonadal disorder, female reproductive system disorder, male reproductive system disorder, pituitary gland disorder, infertility disorder, hypospadias, reproductive system neoplasm, dysplasia of cervix, female genital tuberculosis, habitual spontaneous abortion, aromatase excess syndrome, hand-foot-genital syndrome, mullerian duct anomalies-limb anomalies syndrome, Currarino triad, double uterus-hemivagina-renal agenesis syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, spondylocostal dysostosis-anal and genitourinary malformations syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 8 with or without oligodontia and-or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, estrogen resistance syndrome, short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction, diethylstilbestrol syndrome, NR5A1-related sex development disorder
Subtypes (3): bacterial sexually transmitted disease, Trichomonas vaginitis urogenital infection, viral sexually transmitted disease
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
2 GWAS associations across 10 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs62441491 | 5e-09 | INHBA-AS1 - GLI3 | A | 3.44 |
| rs117193535 | 4e-08 | SKAP1 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90477074 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,986 | 112,922 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480955 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,986 | 112,922 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90477075 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,184 | 443,053 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90473033 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 2,558 | 455,882 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473036 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 1,734 | 456,706 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90477073 | Verma A | 2024 | 956 | 57,473 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90651632 | Liu TY | 2025 | 535 | 236,403 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90726636 | Kim HI | 2026 | 226 | 43,800 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity. |
| GCST90103963 | Tangden T | 2022 | 222 | 337,262 | A genome-wide association study in a large community-based cohort identifies multiple loci associated with susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. |
| GCST90435539 | Zhou W | 2018 | 73 | 408,888 | Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 2 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 0 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 1 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 2 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs62441491 | 7 | 41853261 | G>A | 0.018 | intron_variant | INHBA-AS1 - GLI3 | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs117193535 | 17 | 48178812 | G>A | intron_variant | SKAP1 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
No approved or late-stage (phase ≥3) drug is indicated for this disease; the following are in earlier-phase trials only.
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Nitazoxanide, Pentoxifylline.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 372.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 294 |
| PHASE3 | 27 |
| PHASE2 | 16 |
| PHASE4 | 14 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 7 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 6 |
| PHASE1 | 6 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06738407 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections |
| NCT07215325 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Got Doxy- ‘Flipping the Script’ on STI PEP |
| NCT00436306 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Stage Matched Intervention to Increase Dual Method Use |
| NCT00628771 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of Integrating Prenatal Care in Reducing HIV/STDs Among Young Pregnant Women |
| NCT01090102 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Mesalamine to Reduce T Cell Activation in HIV Infection |
| NCT02864550 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Oral Doxycycline for the Prevention of Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex with Men (DaDHS) |
| NCT04171388 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment for Maternal and Child Health in Ethiopia |
| NCT04240509 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Defining the PrEP Care Continuum Among Recently Incarcerated Men at High-Risk for HIV Infection |
| NCT04666792 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PrEParing Family Planning Clinics to Streamline Integration of HIV Prevention Services for Young Women in Kenya |
| NCT04860505 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Combo-PEP: Multipurpose Prevention of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Regimens |
| NCT05072093 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Parrying the Pitfalls of PrEP: Project PEACH |
| NCT05853120 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Doxy-Post-exposure Prophylaxis |
| NCT06545656 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Daily Doxycycline to Inform Sexually Transmitted Infection Prophylaxis Regimens |
| NCT06582966 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Weekly Doxycycline DOT for STI Prevention Among Cisgender Women Taking HIV PrEP in Kisumu, Kenya |
| NCT00131235 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Gestational Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and Azithromycin Treatment to Prevent Preterm Birth |
| NCT05766904 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Efficacy Trial on Meningococcal B Vaccine for Preventing Gonorrhea Infections |
| NCT05897034 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Combination Therapy Between Doxycycline, Pentoxifylline, and Nitazoxanide in Sexually Active Men |
| NCT06919614 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | STI Testing to Enhance PrEP Use in Pregnancy |
| NCT00122525 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Effect of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence (ANRS 1265) |
| NCT00124878 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Trial of Male Circumcision: HIV, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) and Behavioral Effects in Men, Women and the Community |
| NCT00164619 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Testing the Effectiveness of VOICES as Implemented by STD & HIV Prevention Agencies in the US and PR |
| NCT00170430 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Reducing Vaginal Infections in Women |
| NCT00183573 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | HIV Prevention Program for Patients Receiving Care at a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic |
| NCT00194519 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Suppression to Prevent HIV Transmission |
| NCT00213083 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy Study of the Vaginal Gel Carraguard to Prevent HIV Transmission |
| NCT00248469 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | MEMA Kwa Vijana Trial: Impact of an Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Intervention in Mwanza, Tanzania |
| NCT00271960 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Group Prenatal Care for Reducing the Risk of STDs in Pregnant Young Women |
| NCT00272974 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Madagascar Female Condom Study |
| NCT00279799 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | HIV Prevention for African American Teens |
| NCT00289939 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Reducing HIV & Domestic Violence Risk in Women Offenders |
| NCT00314028 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of HIV Risk Reduction Program Among African American Men |
| NCT00336180 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Adolescent Drug and HIV Prevention in South Africa |
| NCT00353405 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | HIV and STD Prevention for High-Risk, Inner-City, African American Youth |
| NCT00378976 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | HSV-2 Suppression to Reduce HIV-1 Levels in HIV-1, HSV-2 Co-infected Men. |
| NCT00465205 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | HSV-2 Suppression to Reduce HIV-1 Levels in HIV-1 Co-infected Persons |
| NCT00554567 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Utilization of HIV Clinical Services in Rural India |
| NCT00559403 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effect of HIV/STD Risk Reduction Program on South African Adolescents |
| NCT00643019 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Project Sexual Awareness for Everyone (SAFE) |
| NCT00710060 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of a Community-level HIV/STD Prevention Intervention in Promoting Safer Sexual Behaviors in High-risk Populations |
| NCT00947271 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Reducing Sexual Risk Behaviors and Improving Health for People at a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| DOXYCYCLINE ANHYDROUS | 4 | 16 |
| VALACYCLOVIR | 4 | 2 |
| ACYCLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| AZITHROMYCIN | 4 | 1 |
| CHLOROQUINE | 4 | 1 |
| EMTRICITABINE | 4 | 1 |
| FLUCONAZOLE | 4 | 1 |
| MESALAMINE | 4 | 1 |
| PENTOXIFYLLINE | 4 | 1 |
| TENOFOVIR ANHYDROUS | 3 | 3 |
| RANPIRNASE | 3 | 1 |
| DIMETHYL SULFONE | 1 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4299381 | 0 | 1 |