Sick sinus syndrome

Summary

Sick sinus syndrome (MONDO:0001823) is a disease with 4 cohort genes (6 GWAS associations across 3 studies) and 44 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cephalexin anhydrous, bacitracin, and sodium chloride.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 4
• GWAS associations: 6
• ClinVar variants: 6
• Clinical trials: 44

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	sick sinus syndrome
Mondo ID	MONDO:0001823
MeSH	D012804
DOID	DOID:13884
ICD-10-CM	I49.5
ICD-11	1682594333
NCIT	C62244
SNOMED CT	36083008
UMLS	C0037052
MedGen	20749
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: SSS

Data availability: 6 ClinVar variants · 6 GWAS associations (3 studies) · 2 cell lines.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 1 Mondo subtype.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › cardiovascular disorder › heart disorder › heart conduction disease › sinoatrial node disorder › sick sinus syndrome

Subtypes (1): familial sick sinus syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

6 GWAS associations across 3 studies. Top hits map to 5 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs7689774	2e-15	PITX2 - LINC01438	T	1.21
rs11554495	9e-14	KRT8	A	1.62
rs12932445	8e-10	ZFHX3	C	1.16
rs35813871	6e-09	TTN	A	1.13
rs6795970	3e-08	SCN10A	A	1.12
rs34883828	1e-07	CCDC141	A	1.15

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90225551	Thorolfsdottir RB	2021	6,189	931,046	Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome.
GCST90080017	Backman JD	2021	612	387,318	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90084003	Backman JD	2021	612	387,318	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	4
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	2

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	5
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	1
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	0

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
missense_variant	4
intergenic_variant	1
intron_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs7689774	4	110782354	G>T	0.205	intergenic_variant	PITX2 - LINC01438	2e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11554495	12	52904798	C>A,G,T	0.011	missense_variant	KRT8	9e-14	Tier 1: coding
rs12932445	16	73035989	T>C	0.171	intron_variant	ZFHX3	8e-10	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs35813871	2	178785681	G>A	0.235	missense_variant	TTN	6e-09	Tier 1: coding
rs6795970	3	38725184	A>G,T	0.392	missense_variant	SCN10A	3e-08	Tier 1: coding
rs34883828	2	178905448	C>A,T	0.138	missense_variant	CCDC141	1e-07	Tier 1: coding

ClinVar germline variants

6 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

3 likely pathogenic, 1 uncertain significance, 1 not provided, 1 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
2664687	NM_170707.4(LMNA):c.324del (p.Val109fs)	LMNA	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
813009	NM_001110792.2(MECP2):c.148_152del (p.Glu50fs)	MECP2	Likely pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
222805	NM_000335.5(SCN5A):c.1252G>T (p.Glu418Ter)	SCN5A	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
9394	NM_000335.5(SCN5A):c.3890C>T (p.Pro1297Leu)	SCN5A	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
190929	NM_003098.3(SNTA1):c.388T>C (p.Phe130Leu)	SNTA1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
440929	NM_000335.5(SCN5A):c.1076C>A (p.Ala359Asp)	SCN5A	not provided	no classification provided

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 37 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
SCN5A	Orphanet:101016	Romano-Ward syndrome
SCN5A	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
SCN5A	Orphanet:1344	Isolated atrial standstill
SCN5A	Orphanet:154	Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
SCN5A	Orphanet:166282	Hereditary sick sinus syndrome
SCN5A	Orphanet:228140	Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
SCN5A	Orphanet:334	Hereditary atrial fibrillation
SCN5A	Orphanet:871	Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect
SNTA1	Orphanet:101016	Romano-Ward syndrome
LMNA	Orphanet:154	Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
LMNA	Orphanet:157973	Congenital muscular dystrophy due to LMNA mutation
LMNA	Orphanet:1662	Restrictive dermopathy
LMNA	Orphanet:168796	Heart-hand syndrome, Slovenian type
LMNA	Orphanet:2229	Dilated cardiomyopathy-hypergonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome
LMNA	Orphanet:2348	Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type
LMNA	Orphanet:280365	Autosomal semi-dominant severe lipodystrophic laminopathy
LMNA	Orphanet:293888	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-left variant
LMNA	Orphanet:293899	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular variant
LMNA	Orphanet:293910	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-right variant
LMNA	Orphanet:300751	Familial dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defect due to LMNA mutation
LMNA	Orphanet:363618	LMNA-related cardiocutaneous progeria syndrome
LMNA	Orphanet:54260	Left ventricular noncompaction
LMNA	Orphanet:675396	Epithelioid hemangioma
LMNA	Orphanet:740	Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
LMNA	Orphanet:79084	Familial partial lipodystrophy, Köbberling type
LMNA	Orphanet:79474	Atypical Werner syndrome
LMNA	Orphanet:90153	Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy
LMNA	Orphanet:98853	Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
LMNA	Orphanet:98855	Autosomal recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
LMNA	Orphanet:98856	Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1
MECP2	Orphanet:1762	Proximal Xq28 duplication syndrome
MECP2	Orphanet:209370	MECP2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy
MECP2	Orphanet:3077	X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome
MECP2	Orphanet:3095	Atypical Rett syndrome
MECP2	Orphanet:536	Systemic lupus erythematosus
MECP2	Orphanet:777	X-linked non-syndromic intellectual disability
MECP2	Orphanet:778	Rett syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

4 cohort genes, 4 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	4

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
SCN5A	HGNC:10593	ENSG00000183873	Q14524	Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	clinvar
SNTA1	HGNC:11167	ENSG00000101400	Q13424	Alpha-1-syntrophin	clinvar
LMNA	HGNC:6636	ENSG00000160789	P02545	Prelamin-A/C	clinvar
MECP2	HGNC:6990	ENSG00000169057	P51608	Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
SCN5A	Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	Pore-forming subunit of Nav1.5, a voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel that directly mediates the depolarizing phase of action potentials in excitable membranes.
SNTA1	Alpha-1-syntrophin	Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins.
LMNA	Prelamin-A/C	Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that assemble into a filamentous meshwork, and which constitute the major components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane.
MECP2	Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2	Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 2 · Druggable fraction: 0.25

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Ion channel	1	27.9×	0.106
Scaffold/PPI	1	4.3×	0.318
Other/Unknown	2	0.9×	0.769

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
SCN5A	Ion channel	yes		Na_channel_asu, Ion_trans_dom, Na_channel_a5su
SNTA1	Scaffold/PPI	no		PDZ, PH_domain, PH-like_dom_sf
LMNA	Other/Unknown	no		Lamin_tail_dom, IF_conserved, Lamin_tail_dom_sf
MECP2	Other/Unknown	no		Methyl_CpG_DNA-bd, DNA-bd_dom_sf, Me_CpG-bd_MeCP2

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

3 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	4
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
apex of heart	2
cardiac ventricle	1
heart left ventricle	1
gastrocnemius	1
hindlimb stylopod muscle	1
mucosa of stomach	1
nipple	1
skin of abdomen	1
Brodmann (1909) area 10	1
paraflocculus	1
sural nerve	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
SCN5A	161	broad	yes	apex of heart, heart left ventricle, cardiac ventricle
SNTA1	266	ubiquitous	marker	apex of heart, hindlimb stylopod muscle, gastrocnemius
LMNA	295	ubiquitous	marker	nipple, mucosa of stomach, skin of abdomen
MECP2	277	ubiquitous	marker	paraflocculus, Brodmann (1909) area 10, sural nerve

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
LMNA	7,173
MECP2	5,688
SCN5A	2,090
SNTA1	1,499

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
SCN5A	SNTA1	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 3 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
LMNA	P02545	28
SCN5A	Q14524	16
MECP2	P51608	9

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
SNTA1	Q13424	80.00

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 37. Enrichment computed across 4 evidence-associated genes (4 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5hmC-DNA	1	2855.0×	0.010	MECP2
Breakdown of the nuclear lamina	1	951.7×	0.010	LMNA
MECP2 regulates transcription of genes involved in GABA signaling	1	951.7×	0.010	MECP2
Loss of phosphorylation of MECP2 at T308	1	713.8×	0.010	MECP2
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5mC-DNA	1	713.8×	0.010	MECP2
MECP2 regulates transcription factors	1	571.0×	0.011	MECP2
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to the NCoR/SMRT complex	1	407.9×	0.013	MECP2
MECP2 regulates transcription of neuronal ligands	1	356.9×	0.013	MECP2
Depolymerization of the Nuclear Lamina	1	190.3×	0.022	LMNA
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation	1	150.3×	0.022	LMNA
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels	1	150.3×	0.022	MECP2
IRE1alpha activates chaperones	1	129.8×	0.022	LMNA
Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer’s disease models	1	129.8×	0.022	LMNA
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown	1	114.2×	0.023	LMNA
Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins	1	92.1×	0.023	SCN5A
Regulation of MECP2 expression and activity	1	92.1×	0.023	MECP2
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)	1	89.2×	0.023	LMNA
Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation	1	86.5×	0.023	SCN5A
Nuclear events stimulated by ALK signaling in cancer	1	81.6×	0.023	MECP2
Transcriptional Regulation by MECP2	1	79.3×	0.023	MECP2
Formation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC)	1	77.2×	0.023	SNTA1
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	1	62.1×	0.027	LMNA
XBP1(S) activates chaperone genes	1	53.9×	0.030	LMNA
Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions	1	42.6×	0.036	LMNA
Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions	1	38.6×	0.038	SNTA1
Meiotic synapsis	1	35.2×	0.040	LMNA
L1CAM interactions	1	30.1×	0.045	SCN5A
Cardiac conduction	1	27.2×	0.048	SCN5A
Muscle contraction	1	19.3×	0.065	SCN5A
Extracellular matrix organization	1	15.8×	0.076	SNTA1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport	2	526.6×	3e-04	SCN5A, SNTA1
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	2	495.6×	3e-04	SCN5A, SNTA1
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	2	421.3×	3e-04	SCN5A, SNTA1
regulation of heart rate	2	234.1×	7e-04	SCN5A, SNTA1
cerebellum development	2	179.3×	1e-03	SCN5A, MECP2
heterochromatin formation	2	127.7×	0.002	LMNA, MECP2
catecholamine secretion	1	4213.0×	0.003	MECP2
trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF	1	4213.0×	0.003	MECP2
cardiolipin metabolic process	1	2106.5×	0.004	MECP2
bundle of His cell action potential	1	2106.5×	0.004	SCN5A
AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication	1	2106.5×	0.004	SCN5A
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	1	1404.3×	0.004	MECP2
biogenic amine metabolic process	1	1404.3×	0.004	MECP2
response to other organism	1	1404.3×	0.004	MECP2
membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potential	1	1404.3×	0.004	SCN5A
membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential	1	1404.3×	0.004	SCN5A
membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	1	1404.3×	0.004	SCN5A
DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope	1	1404.3×	0.004	LMNA
intracellular protein localization	2	52.3×	0.004	LMNA, MECP2
proprioception	1	1053.2×	0.005	MECP2
establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity	1	1053.2×	0.005	LMNA
AV node cell action potential	1	1053.2×	0.005	SCN5A
nuclear pore localization	1	842.6×	0.005	LMNA
membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential	1	842.6×	0.005	SCN5A
membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential	1	842.6×	0.005	SCN5A
glucocorticoid metabolic process	1	702.2×	0.005	MECP2
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization	1	702.2×	0.005	SCN5A
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	1	702.2×	0.005	LMNA
SA node cell action potential	1	702.2×	0.005	SCN5A
cardiac ventricle development	1	601.9×	0.005	SCN5A

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 2 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 2

Druggability breadth: 3 of 4 evidence-associated genes (75%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
SCN5A	BEPRIDIL
LMNA	BEPRIDIL

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
LMNA	823	4
SCN5A	108	4
SNTA1	0	0
MECP2	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
BEPRIDIL	4	LMNA, SCN5A
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	SCN5A
TELMISARTAN	4	SCN5A
CARBAMAZEPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
DIBUCAINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
IMIPRAMINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
DROPERIDOL	4	LMNA, SCN5A
PONATINIB	4	SCN5A
DULOXETINE	4	SCN5A
PALONOSETRON	4	SCN5A
VILANTEROL	4	SCN5A
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL	4	SCN5A
LURASIDONE	4	SCN5A
LETERMOVIR	4	SCN5A
SERTINDOLE	4	SCN5A
FEDRATINIB	4	SCN5A
QUINIDINE	4	SCN5A
DARUNAVIR	4	SCN5A
DARIFENACIN	4	SCN5A
BENZONATATE	4	SCN5A
TOLTERODINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
RANOLAZINE	4	SCN5A
PIMOZIDE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
NIMODIPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
FELODIPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
NICARDIPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
AMLODIPINE	4	SCN5A
PHENYTOIN	4	SCN5A
PALIPERIDONE	4	SCN5A

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
SCN5A	594	Binding:380, Functional:98, ADMET:72, Toxicity:43, Unclassified:1
LMNA	12	Binding:9, Functional:3
MECP2	1	Binding:1

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
SCN5A	594

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 4; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
BEPRIDIL	4	LMNA, SCN5A
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	SCN5A
TELMISARTAN	4	SCN5A
CARBAMAZEPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
DIBUCAINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
IMIPRAMINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
DROPERIDOL	4	LMNA, SCN5A
PONATINIB	4	SCN5A
DULOXETINE	4	SCN5A
PALONOSETRON	4	SCN5A
VILANTEROL	4	SCN5A
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL	4	SCN5A
LURASIDONE	4	SCN5A
LETERMOVIR	4	SCN5A
SERTINDOLE	4	SCN5A
FEDRATINIB	4	SCN5A
QUINIDINE	4	SCN5A
DARUNAVIR	4	SCN5A
DARIFENACIN	4	SCN5A
BENZONATATE	4	SCN5A
TOLTERODINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
RANOLAZINE	4	SCN5A
PIMOZIDE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
NIMODIPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
FELODIPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
NICARDIPINE	4	LMNA, SCN5A
AMLODIPINE	4	SCN5A
PHENYTOIN	4	SCN5A
PALIPERIDONE	4	SCN5A

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	2	SCN5A, LMNA
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	2	SNTA1, MECP2

Undrugged target profiles

2 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
SNTA1	0	SCN5A
MECP2	1	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 44.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	35
PHASE4	5
PHASE3	3
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00161538	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pacing of the Atria in Sick Sinus Syndrome Trial Preventive Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00161551	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Mode Evaluation in Sick Sinus Syndrome Trial (MODEST)
NCT00180557	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Austria Study - Analysis of Difference Between Active and Passive Fixation Leads
NCT00224341	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Arrhythmia Restart Prevention and RatE STabilization in Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00475124	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Virtual Clinic Pacemaker Follow-up
NCT00000561	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node Dysfunction (MOST)
NCT00236158	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	The Danish Multicenter Randomised Study on AAI Versus DDD Pacing in Sick Sinus Syndrome
NCT02317068	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Increasing Atrial Base Rate Pacing to Reduce Atrial Fibrillation
NCT02809131	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Perioperative Antibiotic Therapy to Prevent Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections.
NCT04926792	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Taiwan Registry for Leadless Pacemaker
NCT06288633	Not specified	RECRUITING	Cardioneuroablation for Bradyarrhythmia
NCT06652750	Not specified	RECRUITING	Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of 5G Cloud Follow-up for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices
NCT07279207	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	PACE-AF: Prospective Analysis of Cardiac Electrostimulation and Atrial Fibrillation
NCT07314008	Not specified	RECRUITING	Left Bundle Branch Versus Minimized Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Sick Sinus Syndrome and Prolonged AV Interval
NCT07360067	Not specified	RECRUITING	Prospective Cohort Study of Bachmann Bundle Versus Right Atrial Appendage Pacing: Impact on Atrial Cardiomyopathy Evaluated by Echocardiographic Parameters and Clinical Outcome
NCT00228241	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Left Ventricular Function and Remodelling During Permanent Pacing
NCT00284830	Not specified	COMPLETED	SAVEPACe - Search AV Extension and Managed Ventricular Pacing for Promoting Atrio-Ventricular Conduction
NCT00286858	Not specified	COMPLETED	Beluga - Clinical Observations of Automatic Algorithms for Cardiac Pacing
NCT00292539	Not specified	COMPLETED	Prospective Registry of Pacemaker Patients Concerning Percentage of Right Ventricular Pacing, LVEF and NYHA Class
NCT00478933	Not specified	COMPLETED	DISCOVERY: Diagnostic Data and Genetic Polymorphisms in ICD Patients.
NCT00627328	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Atrial High Rate Episodes in Pacemaker Patients
NCT00664807	Not specified	COMPLETED	Medtronic Genetic Arrhythmia Markers for Early Detection (GAME Study)
NCT00785564	Not specified	COMPLETED	Imaging Cardiac Electrical Remodeling With Electrocardiogram Imaging (ECGI)
NCT01074749	Not specified	TERMINATED	Optimal Sensing in Atrial Tachyarrhythmia’s Study
NCT01302717	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	Left Ventricular Pacing to Avoid Cardiac Enlargement Study
NCT01310920	Not specified	UNKNOWN	The Role of Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Non-familial Sick Sinus Syndrome
NCT01477138	Not specified	UNKNOWN	RV Septal Versus Minimized RV Pacing in Sick Sinus Syndrome
NCT01528657	Not specified	COMPLETED	Ventricular Pace Suppression Versus Intrinsic Rhythm Support Study
NCT01609738	Not specified	COMPLETED	Left Ventricular Septum Pacing in Patients by Transvenous Approach Through the Inter-ventricular Septum
NCT01647490	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Right Ventricular Lead Placement in a Pacemaker Population: Evaluation of Apical and Alternative Position
NCT01798043	Not specified	TERMINATED	Impact of Septal Vs Apical Pacing on Right and Left Ventricular Performance
NCT02154750	Not specified	COMPLETED	AV Delay Optimization vs. Intrinsic Conduction in Pacemaker Patients With Long PR Intervals
NCT02198781	Not specified	COMPLETED	Right Ventricle (RV) Markers of Future Pacing Induced Ventricular Dysfunction - Pilot
NCT02314897	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Left Ventricular Pacing to Prevent Iatrogenic TR Pilot Study
NCT02954666	Not specified	COMPLETED	Second Study on Cardio-neuromodulation in Humans
NCT03118427	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Zero-fluoroscopic Navigation Versus Conventional Fluoroscopic Navigation for Double-chamber Pacemaker Implantation
NCT03118440	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Zero-fluoroscopic Navigation Versus Conventional Fluoroscopic Navigation for Single-chamber Pacemaker Implantation
NCT03564860	Not specified	COMPLETED	HBP Device EGM Data Collection
NCT03843242	Not specified	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Ventricular Pacing Suppression Algorithms in Dual Chamber Pacemaker
NCT04149886	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Cardiac Ganglionated Plexus Ablation Before Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Patients With Sick Sinus Syndrome

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CEPHALEXIN ANHYDROUS	4	3
BACITRACIN	4	1
SODIUM CHLORIDE	4	1
CHEMBL3764363	0	1
CHEMBL4096945	0	1
CHEMBL4209556	0	1
CHEMBL4303306	0	1