Sinusitis
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Summary
Sinusitis (MONDO:0005961) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 5 Mondo subtypes) with 18 GWAS associations across 40 studies and 145 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and levofloxacin anhydrous. A subtype of paranasal sinus disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 5 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 18
- Clinical trials: 145
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | sinusitis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0005961 |
| EFO | EFO:0007486 |
| MeSH | D012852 |
| DOID | DOID:0050127 |
| NCIT | C35024 |
| SNOMED CT | 36971009 |
| UMLS | C0037199 |
| MedGen | 20772 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Data availability: 18 GWAS associations (40 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of paranasal sinus disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › otorhinolaryngologic disease › nasal disorder › paranasal sinus disorder › sinusitis
Related subtypes (6): paranasal sinus neoplasm, maxillary sinus cholesteatoma, polyp of sphenoidal sinus, polyp of frontal sinus, polyp of maxillary sinus, polyp of ethmoidal sinus
Subtypes (5): frontal sinusitis, ethmoid sinusitis, maxillary sinusitis, sphenoid sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
18 GWAS associations across 40 studies. Top hits map to 5 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr6:32624266 | 1e-14 | G | 0.1 | |
| rs575665498 | 7e-13 | RNU4-77P - KCNK1 | G | 3.62 |
| chr9:6177302 | 4e-12 | C | 0.07 | |
| rs544628405 | 7e-12 | ACAA2 | G | 2.91 |
| rs9272460 | 2e-11 | HLA-DQA1 | A | 0.05 |
| rs533422376 | 3e-11 | LRRC49 | A | 3.73 |
| rs190313434 | 4e-11 | MOB3C - ATPAF1 | T | 3.81 |
| chr9:6159147 | 3e-09 | TA | 0.09 | |
| chr6:9454771 | 3e-09 | A | 0.22 | |
| chr16:89015742 | 5e-09 | T | 2.75 | |
| rs544099242 | 1e-08 | LINC00534, LINC01030 | ? | |
| rs12524692 | 2e-08 | HCG27 - HLA-C | ? | |
| chr22:48702661 | 2e-08 | T | 1.3 | |
| chr4:144220404 | 2e-08 | C | 0.73 | |
| chr8:95059668 | 3e-08 | A | 2.03 | |
| chr8:127087387 | 4e-08 | A | 2.77 | |
| chr11:105843812 | 4e-08 | C | 2.69 | |
| chr1:230217195 | 4e-08 | GA | 1.41 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90476020 | Verma A | 2024 | 37,381 | 375,242 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90478072 | Verma A | 2024 | 25,846 | 382,363 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90473637 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 22,952 | 435,488 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667865 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 22,952 | 435,488 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473687 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 12,924 | 445,516 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667823 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 12,924 | 445,516 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90478103 | Verma A | 2024 | 10,965 | 99,182 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480239 | Verma A | 2024 | 10,965 | 99,182 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90478071 | Verma A | 2024 | 8,248 | 100,192 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90481087 | Verma A | 2024 | 8,248 | 100,192 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 18 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 3 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 4 |
| unknown | 11 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 11 |
| intron_variant | 4 |
| intergenic_variant | 3 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr6:32624266 | 1e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs575665498 | 1 | 233556498 | G>A | 0 | intergenic_variant | RNU4-77P - KCNK1 | 7e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr9:6177302 | 0.161 | 4e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |||||
| rs544628405 | 18 | 49800302 | G>A,T | 0 | intron_variant | ACAA2 | 7e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs9272460 | 6 | 32637806 | A>G | 0.305 | intron_variant | HLA-DQA1 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs533422376 | 15 | 70903562 | A>T | 0.001 | intron_variant | LRRC49 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs190313434 | 1 | 46626403 | T>C,G | 0 | intergenic_variant | MOB3C - ATPAF1 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr9:6159147 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:9454771 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr16:89015742 | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs544099242 | 8 | 90410854 | CTGT>C | intron_variant | LINC00534, LINC01030 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| rs12524692 | 6 | 31266368 | T>A | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | HCG27 - HLA-C | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr22:48702661 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:144220404 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr8:95059668 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr8:127087387 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr11:105843812 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr1:230217195 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
9 approved, 15 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Amoxicillin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Azithromycin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Cefuroxime Axetil | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ciprofloxacin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Clarithromycin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Dupilumab | Approved (phase 4) |
| Epinephrine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Guaifenesin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Telithromycin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Acetylcysteine | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Beclomethasone Dipropionate | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Budesonide | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Clavulanic Acid | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Dornase Alfa | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Fluticasone Propionate | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Lidocaine | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Mometasone Furoate | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Moxifloxacin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Omalizumab | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Pranlukast | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Prednisone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Reslizumab | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Rimegepant | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Sodium Chloride | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Acetaminophen, Benralizumab, Betamethasone Dipropionate, Esmolol, Ibuprofen, Itraconazole, Labetalol, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Methylprednisolone, Nitric Oxide, Oxycodone, Prednisolone, Simvastatin, Xylitol.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 145.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 91 |
| PHASE4 | 22 |
| PHASE3 | 17 |
| PHASE2 | 8 |
| PHASE1 | 3 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06076304 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Nasal Steroids, Irrigation, Oral Antibiotics, and Subgroup Targeting for Effective Management of Acute Sinusitis |
| NCT06750471 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Dupixent Study for Alternate Administration |
| NCT07015736 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Effects of Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 on Antibiotic-Associated Perturbation in Children Treated for Acute Respiratory Infections (RESTORE Study) |
| NCT00117611 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Xolair in Patients With Chronic Sinusitis |
| NCT00174694 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | CHOOSE : Telithromycin, Acute Bacterial Sinusitis |
| NCT00208065 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Histamine, CGRP and VIP as Markers for Activation of Trigeminal and Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers |
| NCT00242437 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Hemostatic Matrix in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery |
| NCT00367120 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Zmax Compared to Augmentin in Sinusitis |
| NCT00493038 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Moxifloxacin Versus Amoxicillin/Clavulanate in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis |
| NCT00545961 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Middle Meatal Bacteriology During Acute Respiratory Infection in Children |
| NCT00705237 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Study of the Use of LUMA Lightwire |
| NCT00747747 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Sinuclean’s Treatment Of Sinusitis’ Symptoms |
| NCT01118312 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids |
| NCT01420471 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Medicated Punctured-Glove-Finger Spacer Study |
| NCT01825408 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Duration of Antibiotic Therapy as Part of Maximal Medical Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| NCT01919411 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Prophylactic Antibiotics After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: a Randomized, Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial |
| NCT02079792 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Optimal Head Position for Distributing Topical Nasal Medication Using the Mucosal Atomization Device |
| NCT02110654 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Daily Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray Alone Versus a Combination With Montelukast for Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Asthma After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery |
| NCT02340000 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Clinical Trial of the Treatment of Acute Sinusitis With Standard-dose Versus High-dose Amoxicillin/Clavulanate |
| NCT03011632 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Response of the Airway in Sinusitis and Asthma |
| NCT03783702 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Pain Control Following Sinus Surgery |
| NCT04664803 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Safety and Efficacy of Cefecin Tab. in Patients With Acute Sinusitis |
| NCT06639295 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | A Study to Evaluate 611 in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps |
| NCT00236522 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Two Different Regimens of Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis(Sinus Infection) in Adults. |
| NCT00249210 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Levofloxacin Compared With Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium in the Treatment of Adults With Rapid Onset of Severe Inflammation/Infection of the Sinuses |
| NCT00368823 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Trial of Point of Care Information in Ambulatory Pediatrics |
| NCT00423176 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | The Study of Nasonex® Compared With Placebo for the Relief of Symptoms Associated With Acute Bacterial Sinusitis When Used With Antibiotics (Study P04824AM3) |
| NCT00492024 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | BAY12-8039: 5 Days for Sinusitis vs Placebo |
| NCT00934830 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Antibiotics Versus Therapeutic Ultrasound for Sinusitis |
| NCT01155752 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Pulmozyme in Cystic Fibrosis With Sinusitis |
| NCT01248325 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | A Study of Luffa Operculate Nasal Solution 5mg/mL Compared With Saline (NaCl 09%) for the Relief of Nasal Obstruction |
| NCT01906697 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | The Effect of RF Turbinoplasty in Polypoid Change of Middle Turbinates |
| NCT01907204 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Inhaled Treatment in Sinusitis |
| NCT02367118 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Prednisone in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps |
| NCT02554383 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Antibiotics in Children With Acute Sinusitis: Which Subgroups Benefit? |
| NCT02627794 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Rates of Middle Meatus Synechiae Formation Post Endoscopic Sinus Surgery |
| NCT02799446 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Effect of Reslizumab in Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| NCT03229551 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Xylitol for Chronic Sinusitis |
| NCT03729258 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy and Safety of Modified Release Cefpodoxime Formulation in the Treatment of Acute Sinusitis. |
| NCT04678856 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Dupilumab in CRSsNP |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
Related Atlas pages
- Drugs: Clavulanic Acid, Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin, Doxycycline, Ephedrine, Montelukast, Pseudoephedrine, Cetirizine, Dupilumab, Ofloxacin, Verapamil, Azithromycin, Bacitracin, Beclomethasone Dipropionate, Cefdinir, Cefuroxime Axetil, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Guaifenesin, Itraconazole, Mometasone Furoate, Omalizumab, Quinine, Reslizumab, Sodium Chloride, Sulfamethoxazole, Telithromycin, Thrombin, Triamcinolone, Honey