Skin infection
diseaseOn this page
Summary
Skin infection (MONDO:0021201) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 14 Mondo subtypes) with 18 GWAS associations across 25 studies and 24 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include clindamycin, daptomycin, and alcohol. A subtype of dermatitis — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 14 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 18
- Clinical trials: 24
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | skin infection |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0021201 |
| NCIT | C35025 |
| SNOMED CT | 19824006 |
| UMLS | C0037278 |
| MedGen | 52365 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: skin infection
Data availability: 18 GWAS associations (25 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of dermatitis. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › integumentary system disorder › skin disorder › dermatitis › skin infection
Related subtypes (32): spongiotic dermatitis, atopic eczema, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, acneiform dermatitis, acrodermatitis, folliculitis, granuloma annulare, granulomatous dermatitis, lichen planus, neurodermatitis, neurotic excoriation, parapsoriasis, pityriasis rosea, seborrheic dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans, dermatosis papulosa nigra, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, vitiligo, acne, porphyria cutanea tarda, dermatomyositis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, hydroa vacciniforme, autoimmune bullous skin disease, cutaneous vasculitis, intertrigo, lipodermatosclerosis, exfoliative dermatitis, radiodermatitis, food dermatitis
Subtypes (14): cercarial dermatitis, erysipelas, cutaneous diphtheria, Pthirus pubis infestation, scabies, impetigo, herpes simplex dermatitis, gonococcal keratitis, tinea infection, herpes zoster dermatitis, infection by Trypanosoma gambiense, Demodex folliculitis, furunculosis, sycosis barbae
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
18 GWAS associations across 25 studies. Top hits map to 3 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs180982503 | 4e-14 | SLC9A9 | C | 2.5 |
| chr5:128151911 | 5e-12 | G | 0.05 | |
| rs182621517 | 2e-11 | TAAR9 - TAAR8 | G | 3.21 |
| chr9:5073770 | 2e-11 | T | 0.83 | |
| chr6:70380262 | 7e-11 | A | 2.48 | |
| chr2:234133729 | 1e-09 | T | 1.54 | |
| chr8:115635862 | 1e-09 | A | 0.04 | |
| chrX:130547831 | 3e-09 | T | 0.04 | |
| rs6595799 | 2e-08 | SLC12A2-DT | C | 1.09 |
| chr17:54517941 | 2e-08 | G | 1.39 | |
| chr12:98772937 | 3e-08 | A | 1.93 | |
| chr20:30377969 | 3e-08 | G | 2.66 | |
| chr1:162693654 | 3e-08 | G | 1.79 | |
| chr16:26793276 | 4e-08 | A | 2.95 | |
| chr12:45999809 | 5e-08 | T | 1.92 | |
| chr4:164689299 | 5e-08 | C | 0.11 | |
| chr17:68530600 | 5e-08 | G | 0.39 | |
| rs74407662 | 7e-08 | PDCD2L | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90473897 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 52,929 | 405,511 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667841 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 52,929 | 405,511 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473909 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 14,809 | 443,631 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667832 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 14,809 | 443,631 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90103965 | Tangden T | 2022 | 11,243 | 326,241 | A genome-wide association study in a large community-based cohort identifies multiple loci associated with susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. |
| GCST90103964 | Tangden T | 2022 | 10,427 | 327,057 | A genome-wide association study in a large community-based cohort identifies multiple loci associated with susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. |
| GCST90080336 | Backman JD | 2021 | 6,404 | 363,062 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90084322 | Backman JD | 2021 | 6,404 | 363,062 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90651781 | Liu TY | 2025 | 6,353 | 204,800 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90478762 | Verma A | 2024 | 5,032 | 429,016 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 18 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 1 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 2 |
| unknown | 15 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 14 |
| intron_variant | 3 |
| intergenic_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs180982503 | 3 | 143331076 | C>T | 0 | intron_variant | SLC9A9 | 4e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr5:128151911 | 5e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs182621517 | 6 | 132547679 | G>A,C | 0 | intergenic_variant | TAAR9 - TAAR8 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr9:5073770 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:70380262 | 7e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:234133729 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr8:115635862 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chrX:130547831 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs6595799 | 5 | 128072991 | C>A,G,T | 0.27 | intron_variant | SLC12A2-DT | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr17:54517941 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr12:98772937 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr20:30377969 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr1:162693654 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr16:26793276 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr12:45999809 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:164689299 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr17:68530600 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs74407662 | 19 | 34419466 | A>C | intron_variant | PDCD2L | 7e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 24.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 11 |
| PHASE4 | 5 |
| PHASE2 | 5 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05899140 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Adjunctive Clindamycin for the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| NCT01549613 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Daptomycin for the Emergency Department Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections |
| NCT03372941 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Hospital Avoidance Strategies for ABSSSI |
| NCT03929224 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Use of Medical Grade Honey in the Prevention of Bone Anchored Hearing Aid Associated Skin Breakdown |
| NCT06149117 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Bioequivalence Study of Azithromycin Capsule and Reference Formulation Sumamed * in Healthy Adult Subjects in China |
| NCT00619710 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections |
| NCT02512614 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Novel Antimicrobial Hand Towels |
| NCT03131843 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Effectiveness of Alcohol Swabs for Preventing Infections During Vaccination |
| NCT00671580 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Potential Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of PZ-601 in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infection |
| NCT01593761 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Phase 2a Study of CG400549 for the Treatment of cABSSSI Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus |
| NCT02052388 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Study of Brilacidin to Treat Serious Skin Infections |
| NCT03637400 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Short and Long Term Outcomes of Doxycycline Versus Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Treatment |
| NCT05339802 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | A Phase Ⅱ Clinical Study of 9MW1411 Injection in Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections |
| NCT04278404 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS) |
| NCT04615065 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Acutelines: a Large Data-/Biobank of Acute and Emergency Medicine |
| NCT05826873 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Discharge Stewardship in Children’s Hospitals |
| NCT06170983 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Skin Inflammation and PK of Azithromycin |
| NCT06579170 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Burden of Recreational Water Illness Due to Exposure to Cyanobacteria and Their Toxins in Freshwater Beaches in Canada |
| NCT03985475 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Identification of the Cutaneous Microbiota in Patients With Cutaneous Infection (MICROBIOTA) |
| NCT04239521 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Epidemiology, Management, and the Associated Burden of Related Conditions in Alopecia Areata |
| NCT05226260 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Decreasing Antibiotic Duration for Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Using Behavioral Economics in Primary Care |
| NCT05880069 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Infection by Resistant Microorganism |
| NCT06087809 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Improving Short Course Treatment for Common Pediatric Infections |
| NCT06247761 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | STASSH - TRAUMA - Absorbable vs Non-Absorbable Sutures in Trauma Hand Surgery |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| CLINDAMYCIN | 4 | 3 |
| DAPTOMYCIN | 4 | 2 |
| ALCOHOL | 4 | 1 |
| BACITRACIN | 4 | 1 |
| DALBAVANCIN | 4 | 1 |
| DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE | 4 | 1 |
| MEROPENEM | 4 | 1 |
| VANCOMYCIN | 4 | 1 |
| BLOOD, WHOLE | 3 | 1 |
| HONEY | 3 | 1 |
| BRILACIDIN | 2 | 1 |
| CG-400549 | 2 | 1 |
| RAZUPENEM | 2 | 1 |
| CHEMBL1649722 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL4286784 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL4744444 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL4299436 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4778239 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4785392 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL6174705 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL3764363 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4096945 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4209556 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4303306 | 0 | 1 |