Stereotypic movement disorder

disease
On this page

Also known as stereotyped repetitive movements NOS (finding)

Summary

Stereotypic movement disorder (MONDO:0002265) is a disease with 11 cohort genes.

At a glance

  • Cohort genes: 11
  • ClinVar variants: 14

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namestereotypic movement disorder
Mondo IDMONDO:0002265
MeSHD019956
DOIDDOID:2303
SNOMED CT5507002
UMLSC0038273
MedGen21320
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: stereotyped repetitive movements NOS (finding)

Data availability: 14 ClinVar variants.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by developmental or physiological process › psychiatric disordermental disorderdevelopmental disorder of mental healthspecific developmental disorderstereotypic movement disorder

Related subtypes (9): fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, fetal nicotine spectrum disorder, communication disorder, tic disorder, learning disability, developmental coordination disorder, conduct disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

14 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

6 pathogenic, 3 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 2 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 2 uncertain significance, 1 likely pathogenic

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
26793746;XY;t(5;15)(q11.2;q24)Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
26803946;XY;t(3;18)(q13.31;q22.1)dnPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
279598NM_001282531.3(ADNP):c.2188C>T (p.Arg730Ter)ADNPPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
158186NM_001323289.2(CDKL5):c.622C>T (p.Gln208Ter)CDKL5Pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
224142NM_004408.4(DNM1):c.139G>A (p.Val47Met)CIZ1Pathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
453289NM_005249.5(FOXG1):c.624C>A (p.Tyr208Ter)FOXG1Pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
225760NM_019597.5(HNRNPH2):c.616C>T (p.Arg206Trp)HNRNPH2Pathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
156053NM_001110792.2(MECP2):c.413+1G>TMECP2Pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
374054NM_001083962.2(TCF4):c.500-1G>ATCF4Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1803984NM_004973.4(JARID2):c.348G>T (p.Lys116Asn)JARID2Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1285534NM_130811.4(SNAP25):c.601A>T (p.Lys201Ter)SNAP25Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
373940NM_006772.3(SYNGAP1):c.2115G>A (p.Lys705=)SYNGAP1Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
26792746;XY;t(4;14)(p14;q11.2)dnUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
523239GRCh37/hg19 18p11.32-11.31(chr18:1345040-3479168)SMCHD1Uncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 28 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
SNAP25Orphanet:98914Presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndromes
CDKL5Orphanet:1934Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
CDKL5Orphanet:3095Atypical Rett syndrome
CDKL5Orphanet:505652CDKL5-deficiency disorder
CDKL5Orphanet:697160Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome
SYNGAP1Orphanet:1942Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures
SYNGAP1Orphanet:442835Non-specific early-onset epileptic encephalopathy
SYNGAP1Orphanet:544254SYNGAP1-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
TCF4Orphanet:171Primary sclerosing cholangitis
TCF4Orphanet:178469Autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability
TCF4Orphanet:2896Pitt-Hopkins syndrome
TCF4Orphanet:98974Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
ADNPOrphanet:404448Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome
CIZ1Orphanet:420492Adult-onset cervical dystonia, DYT23 type
SMCHD1Orphanet:2250Hyposmia-nasal and ocular hypoplasia-hypogonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome
SMCHD1Orphanet:269Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
FOXG1Orphanet:261144FOXG1 syndrome due to 14q12 microdeletion
FOXG1Orphanet:442835Non-specific early-onset epileptic encephalopathy
FOXG1Orphanet:598164FOXG1 syndrome due to intragenic alteration
HNRNPH2Orphanet:662198Neurodevelopmental delay-intellectual disability-skeletal defects syndrome
JARID2Orphanet:528084Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
MECP2Orphanet:1762Proximal Xq28 duplication syndrome
MECP2Orphanet:209370MECP2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy
MECP2Orphanet:3077X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome
MECP2Orphanet:3095Atypical Rett syndrome
MECP2Orphanet:536Systemic lupus erythematosus
MECP2Orphanet:777X-linked non-syndromic intellectual disability
MECP2Orphanet:778Rett syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

11 cohort genes, 11 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence11

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
SNAP25HGNC:11132ENSG00000132639P60880Synaptosomal-associated protein 25clinvar
CDKL5HGNC:11411ENSG00000008086O76039Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5clinvar
SYNGAP1HGNC:11497ENSG00000197283Q96PV0Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAPclinvar
TCF4HGNC:11634ENSG00000196628P15884Transcription factor 4clinvar
ADNPHGNC:15766ENSG00000101126Q9H2P0Activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox proteinclinvar
CIZ1HGNC:16744ENSG00000148337Q9ULV3Cip1-interacting zinc finger proteinclinvar
SMCHD1HGNC:29090ENSG00000101596A6NHR9Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing protein 1clinvar
FOXG1HGNC:3811ENSG00000176165P55316Forkhead box protein G1clinvar
HNRNPH2HGNC:5042ENSG00000126945P55795Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2clinvar
JARID2HGNC:6196ENSG00000008083Q92833Protein Jumonjiclinvar
MECP2HGNC:6990ENSG00000169057P51608Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
SNAP25Synaptosomal-associated protein 25t-SNARE involved in the molecular regulation of neurotransmitter release.
CDKL5Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5Mediates phosphorylation of MECP2.
SYNGAP1Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAPMajor constituent of the PSD essential for postsynaptic signaling.
TCF4Transcription factor 4Transcription factor that binds to the immunoglobulin enhancer Mu-E5/KE5-motif.
ADNPActivity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox proteinMay be involved in transcriptional regulation.
CIZ1Cip1-interacting zinc finger proteinMay regulate the subcellular localization of CIP/WAF1.
SMCHD1Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing protein 1Non-canonical member of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family that plays a key role in epigenetic silencing by regulating chromatin architecture.
FOXG1Forkhead box protein G1Transcription repression factor which plays an important role in the establishment of the regional subdivision of the developing brain and in the development of the telencephalon.
HNRNPH2Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2This protein is a component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes which provide the substrate for the processing events that pre-mRNAs undergo before becoming functional, translatable mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
JARID2Protein JumonjiRegulator of histone methyltransferase complexes that plays an essential role in embryonic development, including heart and liver development, neural tube fusion process and hematopoiesis.
MECP2Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 7 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.09

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Transcription factor64.5×0.003
Kinase12.5×0.641
Scaffold/PPI11.6×0.641
Other/Unknown30.5×0.987

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
SNAP25Other/UnknownnoT_SNARE_dom, SNAP-25_dom, SNAP-25_N_SNARE_chord
CDKL5Kinaseyes2.7.11.22Prot_kinase_dom, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS, Kinase-like_dom_sf
SYNGAP1Scaffold/PPInoC2_dom, PH_domain, RasGAP_dom
TCF4Transcription factorno7.6.2.3bHLH_dom, HLH_DNA-bd_sf, NeuroDiff_E-box_TFs
ADNPTranscription factornoHD, Homeodomain-like_sf, Znf_C2H2_type
CIZ1Transcription factornoMatrin/U1-C_Znf_C2H2, Matrin/U1-like-C_Znf_C2H2, Znf_C2H2_type
SMCHD1Other/UnknownnoSMC_hinge, SMC_hinge_sf, HATPase_C_sf
FOXG1Transcription factornoFork_head_dom, TF_fork_head_CS_1, TF_fork_head_CS_2
HNRNPH2Transcription factornoRRM_dom, Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sf, Znf_CHHC
JARID2Transcription factornoARID_dom, JmjC_dom, JmjN
MECP2Other/UnknownnoMethyl_CpG_DNA-bd, DNA-bd_dom_sf, Me_CpG-bd_MeCP2

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

11 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)11
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
cortical plate3
Brodmann (1909) area 232
endothelial cell2
cerebellar cortex1
cerebellum1
pons1
frontal pole1
adenohypophysis1
pituitary gland1
right uterine tube1
pericardium1
skin of hip1
ganglionic eminence1
ventricular zone1
cerebellar hemisphere1
right hemisphere of cerebellum1
right ovary1
blood1
calcaneal tendon1
colonic epithelium1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
SNAP25220broadmarkerpons, cerebellar cortex, cerebellum
CDKL5257ubiquitousmarkerfrontal pole, Brodmann (1909) area 23, cortical plate
SYNGAP1137ubiquitousmarkerpituitary gland, right uterine tube, adenohypophysis
TCF4292ubiquitousmarkerendothelial cell, skin of hip, pericardium
ADNP295ubiquitousmarkerganglionic eminence, cortical plate, ventricular zone
CIZ1281ubiquitousmarkerright hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere, right ovary
SMCHD1290ubiquitousmarkercalcaneal tendon, colonic epithelium, blood
FOXG1100broadmarkercortical plate, endothelial cell, Brodmann (1909) area 23
HNRNPH2295ubiquitousmarkerchoroid plexus epithelium, islet of Langerhans, seminal vesicle
JARID2293ubiquitousmarkersecondary oocyte, oocyte, buccal mucosa cell
MECP2277ubiquitousmarkerparaflocculus, Brodmann (1909) area 10, sural nerve

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 2.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
MECP25,688
JARID23,794
TCF43,342
ADNP2,228
SYNGAP12,175
CIZ12,160
HNRNPH22,073
SMCHD11,888
CDKL51,357
SNAP25163

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
ADNPFOXG1biogrid_interaction
CDKL5MECP2string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 9 · AlphaFold-only: 2 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
JARID2Q9283316
SNAP25P6088014
MECP2P516089
TCF4P158845
HNRNPH2P557954
CDKL5O760393
CIZ1Q9ULV31
SMCHD1A6NHR91
FOXG1P553161

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
SYNGAP1Q96PV060.43
ADNPQ9H2P057.07

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 61. Enrichment computed across 11 evidence-associated genes (8 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Regulation of MECP2 expression and activity292.1×0.012FOXG1, MECP2
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5hmC-DNA11427.5×0.021MECP2
Toxicity of botulinum toxin type C (botC)1475.8×0.021SNAP25
Toxicity of botulinum toxin type E (botE)1475.8×0.021SNAP25
MECP2 regulates transcription of genes involved in GABA signaling1475.8×0.021MECP2
Toxicity of botulinum toxin type A (botA)1356.9×0.021SNAP25
Loss of phosphorylation of MECP2 at T3081356.9×0.021MECP2
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5mC-DNA1356.9×0.021MECP2
MECP2 regulates transcription factors1285.5×0.024MECP2
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to the NCoR/SMRT complex1203.9×0.028MECP2
Neurotoxicity of clostridium toxins1178.4×0.028SNAP25
MECP2 regulates transcription of neuronal ligands1178.4×0.028MECP2
Uptake and actions of bacterial toxins1102.0×0.042SNAP25
Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle184.0×0.042SNAP25
FOXO-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes184.0×0.042FOXG1
Serotonin Neurotransmitter Release Cycle179.3×0.042SNAP25
Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle179.3×0.042SNAP25
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation179.3×0.042SNAP25
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels175.1×0.042MECP2
Dopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle162.1×0.046SNAP25
Other interleukin signaling159.5×0.046SNAP25
Glutamate Neurotransmitter Release Cycle157.1×0.046SNAP25
TGFBR3 expression157.1×0.046TCF4
Neurotransmitter release cycle154.9×0.046SNAP25
Myogenesis147.6×0.050TCF4
Signaling by TGFBR3146.0×0.050TCF4
Bacterial Infection Pathways142.0×0.052SNAP25
Nuclear events stimulated by ALK signaling in cancer140.8×0.052MECP2
Transcriptional Regulation by MECP2139.6×0.052MECP2
Sensory processing of sound138.6×0.052SNAP25

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 11 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
random inactivation of X chromosome3255.3×2e-05CIZ1, SMCHD1, JARID2
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process330.2×0.007SYNGAP1, ADNP, MECP2
positive regulation of axon extension292.8×0.009CDKL5, ADNP
catecholamine secretion11532.0×0.010MECP2
trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF11532.0×0.010MECP2
protein localization to pericentric heterochromatin11532.0×0.010JARID2
dendrite development271.3×0.010SYNGAP1, MECP2
visual learning255.7×0.010SYNGAP1, MECP2
long-term synaptic potentiation251.1×0.010SNAP25, MECP2
cardiolipin metabolic process1766.0×0.013MECP2
positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation1766.0×0.013CIZ1
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure1510.7×0.013MECP2
biogenic amine metabolic process1510.7×0.013MECP2
pyramidal neuron migration to cerebral cortex1510.7×0.013FOXG1
intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis1510.7×0.013ADNP
response to other organism1510.7×0.013MECP2
protein-DNA complex assembly1510.7×0.013TCF4
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure1510.7×0.013SYNGAP1
positive regulation of neuron differentiation236.0×0.013TCF4, FOXG1
neuron apoptotic process233.7×0.013SYNGAP1, ADNP
proprioception1383.0×0.015MECP2
presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis1383.0×0.015SNAP25
axon midline choice point recognition1306.4×0.018FOXG1
glucocorticoid metabolic process1255.3×0.020MECP2
regulation of synapse structure or activity1255.3×0.020SYNGAP1
inositol metabolic process1218.9×0.021MECP2
nose development1218.9×0.021SMCHD1
autosome genomic imprinting1218.9×0.021SMCHD1
neuron fate determination1191.5×0.022FOXG1
positive regulation of microtubule nucleation1191.5×0.022MECP2

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 3 · Undrugged: 8

Druggability breadth: 6 of 11 evidence-associated genes (55%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
CDKL5FEDRATINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
CDKL5144
TCF412
SMCHD112
SNAP2500
SYNGAP100
ADNP00
CIZ100
FOXG100
HNRNPH200
JARID200

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
FEDRATINIB4CDKL5
CAPMATINIB4CDKL5
DEFACTINIB3CDKL5
ALVOCIDIB3CDKL5
LESTAURTINIB3CDKL5
RUBOXISTAURIN3CDKL5
FORETINIB2CDKL5
RG-5472CDKL5
AT-75192CDKL5
TOZASERTIB2CDKL5
SALINOMYCIN2TCF4
MOLIBRESIB2SMCHD1
BMS-3870321CDKL5
PF-037583091CDKL5
5-(6-BENZOTHIAZOLYLMETHYLENE)-3,5-DIHYDRO-2-(((1S)-1-(METHOXYMETHYL)-3-METHYLBUTYL)AMINO)-4H-IMIDAZOL-4-ONE, (5Z)-1CDKL5
AST-4871CDKL5

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
CDKL574Binding:74
TCF431Binding:31
SMCHD17Binding:7
HNRNPH22Binding:2
MECP21Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
CDKL52.7.11.22cyclin-dependent kinase
TCF47.6.2.3ABC-type glutathione-S-conjugate transporter

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 11; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

16 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
FEDRATINIB4CDKL5
CAPMATINIB4CDKL5
DEFACTINIB3CDKL5
ALVOCIDIB3CDKL5
LESTAURTINIB3CDKL5
RUBOXISTAURIN3CDKL5
FORETINIB2CDKL5
RG-5472CDKL5
AT-75192CDKL5
TOZASERTIB2CDKL5
SALINOMYCIN2TCF4
MOLIBRESIB2SMCHD1
BMS-3870321CDKL5
PF-037583091CDKL5
5-(6-BENZOTHIAZOLYLMETHYLENE)-3,5-DIHYDRO-2-(((1S)-1-(METHOXYMETHYL)-3-METHYLBUTYL)AMINO)-4H-IMIDAZOL-4-ONE, (5Z)-1CDKL5
AST-4871CDKL5

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)1CDKL5
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved2TCF4, SMCHD1
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug8SNAP25, SYNGAP1, ADNP, CIZ1, FOXG1, HNRNPH2, JARID2, MECP2

Undrugged target profiles

8 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
SNAP250
SYNGAP10
ADNP0
CIZ10
FOXG10
HNRNPH22
JARID20
MECP21

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.