Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Summary

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (MONDO:0016693) is a disease with 1 cohort gene and 3 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include everolimus.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 1
• Clinical trials: 3

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Mondo ID	MONDO:0016693
Orphanet	251618
DOID	DOID:5077
NCIT	C3696
SNOMED CT	449799008
UMLS	C0205768
MedGen	61446
GARD	0010632
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: SEGA · subependymal giant cell astrocytic neoplasm · subependymal giant cell astrocytic tumor · subependymal giant cell astrocytic tumour · subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (morphologic abnormality)

Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant.

Disease family

Classification path: cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › nervous system neoplasm › neuroepithelial neoplasm › glioma › ependymal tumor › ependymoma › low grade ependymoma › subependymoma › subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

1 uncertain significance

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
374437	NM_001127222.2(CACNA1A):c.2582_2599del (p.Gln861_Asp866del)	CACNA1A	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 7 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
CACNA1A	Orphanet:2131	Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
CACNA1A	Orphanet:2382	Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
CACNA1A	Orphanet:442835	Non-specific early-onset epileptic encephalopathy
CACNA1A	Orphanet:569	Familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine
CACNA1A	Orphanet:71518	Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy
CACNA1A	Orphanet:97	Familial paroxysmal ataxia
CACNA1A	Orphanet:98758	Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
CACNA1A	HGNC:1388	ENSG00000141837	O00555	Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
CACNA1A	Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A	Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene exp…

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 1.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Ion channel	1	111.5×	0.009

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
CACNA1A	Ion channel	yes		VDCCAlpha1, CACNA1A, Ion_trans_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
cerebellar cortex	1
cerebellar hemisphere	1
right hemisphere of cerebellum	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
CACNA1A	237	broad	marker	cerebellar hemisphere, right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar cortex

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
CACNA1A	346

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
CACNA1A	O00555	4

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 6. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Presynaptic depolarization and calcium channel opening	1	951.7×	0.006	CACNA1A
Regulation of insulin secretion	1	219.6×	0.011	CACNA1A
Integration of energy metabolism	1	175.7×	0.011	CACNA1A
Transmission across Chemical Synapses	1	76.1×	0.020	CACNA1A
Neuronal System	1	44.3×	0.027	CACNA1A
Metabolism	1	11.6×	0.086	CACNA1A

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
response to amyloid-beta	1	991.3×	0.006	CACNA1A
calcium ion import across plasma membrane	1	543.6×	0.006	CACNA1A
cellular response to amyloid-beta	1	391.9×	0.006	CACNA1A
calcium ion transmembrane transport	1	210.7×	0.008	CACNA1A
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	1	183.2×	0.008	CACNA1A
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	1	117.0×	0.010	CACNA1A
chemical synaptic transmission	1	77.3×	0.013	CACNA1A

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 0

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
CACNA1A	NIMODIPINE

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
CACNA1A	2	4

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
NIMODIPINE	4	CACNA1A
TACRINE	4	CACNA1A

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
CACNA1A	19	Binding:18, Functional:1

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

2 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
NIMODIPINE	4	CACNA1A
TACRINE	4	CACNA1A

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	CACNA1A
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	0

Undrugged target profiles

0 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 3.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	1
PHASE1/PHASE2	1
Not specified	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00789828	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus (RAD001) in Patients of All Ages With Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma Associated With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)(EXIST-1)
NCT00411619	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Everolimus (RAD001) Therapy of Giant Cell Astrocytoma in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
NCT02654340	Not specified	TERMINATED	Biomarkers for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (BioTuScCom)

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
EVEROLIMUS	4	2
CHEMBL4079877	0	1
CHEMBL4525833	0	1