Testicular yolk sac tumor

Summary

Testicular yolk sac tumor (MONDO:0003402) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 10 Mondo subtypes) and 15 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include ifosfamide and etoposide phosphate. A subtype of testicular pure germ cell tumor — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Umbrella term: 10 Mondo subtypes
• Clinical trials: 15

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	testicular yolk sac tumor
Mondo ID	MONDO:0003402
EFO	EFO:1000574
DOID	DOID:5344
NCIT	C8000
UMLS	C0279708
MedGen	79028
GARD	0023502
Anatomy (UBERON)	UBERON:0000473
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: endodermal sinus tumour of testis · endodermal sinus tumour of the testis · endodermal-sinus tumor · endodermal-sinus tumour · Orchidoblastoma · testicular endodermal sinus tumour · testicular yolk Sac neoplasm · testicular yolk sac tumor · testis yolk sac tumor · testis yolk sac tumour · yolk sac tumor · yolk sac tumour · yolk Sac tumour of testis · yolk Sac tumour of the testis

Data availability: 10 cell lines.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 10 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › germ cell tumor › gonadal germ cell tumor › testicular germ cell tumor › testicular pure germ cell tumor › testicular yolk sac tumor

Related subtypes (3): testicular trophoblastic tumor, testicular seminoma, testicular embryonal carcinoma

Subtypes (10): testicular yolk sac tumor, macrocystic pattern, testicular yolk sac tumor, endodermal sinus pattern, testicular yolk sac tumor, solid pattern, polyvesicular vitelline pattern testicular yolk sac tumor, testicular yolk sac tumor, glandular-alveolar pattern, testicular yolk sac tumor, myxomatous pattern, testicular yolk sac tumor, papillary pattern, testicular yolk sac tumor, hepatoid pattern, enteric pattern testicular yolk sac tumor, reticular pattern testicular yolk sac tumor

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 2 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Cisplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Etoposide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 15.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE1	7
PHASE2	3
Not specified	3
PHASE3	1
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02375204	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Standard-Dose Combination Chemotherapy or High-Dose Combination Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Germ Cell Tumors
NCT06341998	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Study of Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Recurrent/Refractory Yolk Sac Tumor in Children
NCT06638931	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Agnostic Therapy in Rare Solid Tumors
NCT00467051	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumors
NCT06470464	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Thalidomide Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Yolk Sac Tumor
NCT04377932	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Interleukin-15 Armored Glypican 3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in T Cells for Pediatric Solid Tumors
NCT04715191	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Interleukin-15 and -21 Armored Glypican-3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in T Cells for Pediatric Solid Tumors
NCT05103631	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Interleukin-15 Armored Glypican 3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in Autologous T Cells for Solid Tumors
NCT06198296	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Immunotherapy For Adults With GPC3-Positive Solid Tumors Using IL-15 and IL-21 Armored GPC3-CAR T Cells
NCT07148050	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Immunotherapy for Solid Tumor Malignancies in Pediatrics Using Interleukin-15 and -21 Armored Glypican-3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
NCT07224568	PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Cytokine Armored GPC3 Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressing T-cells in Adults With Solid Tumors
NCT00060372	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Ipilimumab After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Persistent or Progressive Cancer
NCT05564026	Not specified	RECRUITING	Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors
NCT01434355	Not specified	COMPLETED	DNA Analysis in Samples From Younger Patients With Germ Cell Tumors and Their Parents or Siblings
NCT03426865	Not specified	COMPLETED	Role of Axumin PET Scan in Germ Cell Tumor

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
IFOSFAMIDE	4	2
ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE	4	1