Therapy related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

Summary

Therapy related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MONDO:0019457) is a cancer and 155 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, and idarubicin. A subtype of acute myeloid leukemia — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000 (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
• Clinical trials: 155

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

1 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Annual incidence	<1 / 1 000 000		Europe	Validated

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	therapy related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Mondo ID	MONDO:0019457
Orphanet	86846
ICD-11	1581599493
NCIT	C25765
SNOMED CT	721306009
UMLS	C1292776
MedGen	220954
GARD	0012762
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: Secondary Acute granulocytic Leukaemia · Secondary Acute granulocytic Leukemia · Secondary Acute myeloblastic Leukaemia · Secondary Acute myeloblastic Leukemia · Secondary Acute myelocytic Leukaemia · Secondary Acute myelocytic Leukemia · Secondary Acute myelogenous Leukaemia · Secondary Acute myelogenous Leukemia · secondary acute myeloid leukaemia · Secondary Acute myeloid Leukaemia (AML) · secondary acute myeloid leukemia · Secondary Acute myeloid Leukemia (AML) · Secondary AGL · secondary AML · therapy-related AML and myelodysplastic syndrome

Data availability: 6 cell lines.

Disease family

This is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm › hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm › leukemia › myeloid leukemia › acute myeloid leukemia › therapy related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

Related subtypes (77): childhood acute myeloid leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation, acute myeloid leukemia by FAB classification, inherited acute myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia with CEBPA somatic mutations, acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11;p13) translocation, acute myeloid leukemia with t(6;9)(p23;q34), acute myeloid leukemia with t(9;11)(p22;q23), acute myeloid leukemia with inv3(p21;q26.2) or t(3;3)(p21;q26.2), megakaryoblastic acute myeloid leukemia with t(1;22)(p13;q13), acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 somatic mutations, acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia, acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, acute myeloid leukemia with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22), acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 abnormalities, acute myeloid leukemia with BCR-ABL1, acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1, acute myeloid leukemia, inv(16)(p13.1;q22), acute myeloid leukemia, t(16;16)(p13.1;q22), acute myeloid leukemia, t(15;17)(q24;q21), acute myeloid leukemia, t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3), acute myeloid leukemia, t(10;11)(p12;q23), acute myeloid leukemia, t(10;11)(p11.2;q23), acute myeloid leukemia, t(1;11)(q21;q23), acute myeloid leukemia, t(4;11)(q21;q23), acute myeloid leukemia, t(6;11)(q27;q23), acute myeloid leukemia, t(6;9)(p23;q34.1), acute myeloid leukemia, t(11;19)(q23;p13), acute myeloid leukemia, t(11;19)(q23;p13.1), acute myeloid leukemia, t(11;19)(q23.3;p13.3), acute myeloid leukemia, t(v;11q23.3), acute myeloid leukemia, Monosomy 7, acute myeloid leukemia, Monosomy 5, acute myeloid leukemia, Trisomy 8, acute myeloid leukemia, der12p, acute myeloid leukemia, t(2;12), acute myeloid leukemia, t(11;17), acute myeloid leukemia, t(8;16), acute myeloid leukemia, t(1;22), acute myeloid leukemia, t(5;11)(q35;p15), acute myeloid leukemia, t(7;12)(q36;p13), acute myeloid leukemia, t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), acute myeloid leukemia, inv(3)(q21.3;q26.2), acute myeloid leukemia, t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2), acute myeloid leukemia, t(3;12)(q23;p12.3), acute myeloid leukemia, del(5q31-q32), acute myeloid leukemia, del(13q14-q21), acute myeloid leukemia, loss of chromosome 17p, acute myeloid leukemia, MLL gene rearrangement, acute myeloid leukemia, Non-KMT2A MLLT10 rearrangement positive, acute myeloid leukemia, inv(16)(p13.3;q24.3), acute myeloid leukemia, t(11;15)(p15;q35), acute myeloid leukemia, t(16;21)(q24;q22), acute myeloid leukemia, t(3;5)(q25;q34), acute myeloid leukemia, t(16;21)(p11;q22), acute myeloid leukemia, monoallelic CEBPA gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, biallelic CEBPA gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, CEBPA gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, FLT3 internal tandem duplication, acute myeloid leukemia, FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain point mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, WT1 gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, KIT exon 17 mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, KIT exon 8 mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, KIT gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, GATA1 gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, RUNX1 gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, PTPN11 gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, NRAS gene mutation, acute myeloid leukemia, KRAS gene mutation, core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, t(8;21)(q22; q22.1), acute myeloid leukemia, t(1;22)(p13;q13), acute myeloid leukemia with CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion, acute myeloid leukemia with FUS-ERG fusion, acute myeloid leukemia with MNX1-ETV6 fusion, acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1-MLF1 fusion

Subtypes (3): acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent, acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to topoisomerase type 2 inhibitor, acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to radiation

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 155.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE2	59
PHASE1	57
PHASE1/PHASE2	14
Not specified	13
PHASE3	10
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00085124	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Daunorubicin Hydrochloride, Cytarabine and Oblimersen Sodium in Treating Patients With Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00209833	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Treatment of Adults Aged Up to 60 Years With De Novo Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia,Secondary AML, or RAEB-T
NCT00322101	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Low-Dose or High-Dose Conditioning Followed by Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
NCT00369317	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Down Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes
NCT00715637	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Phase III Randomized Study of Amonafide (AS1413) and Cytarabine Versus Daunorubicin and Cytarabine in Patients With Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)- the ACCEDE Study
NCT00799461	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Internet-Based Program With or Without Telephone-Based Problem-Solving Training in Helping Long-Term Survivors of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Cope With Late Complications
NCT01203228	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Dose-reduced Versus Standard Conditioning in MDS/sAML
NCT01305200	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Rinse in Preventing Oral Mucositis in Young Patients Undergoing Autologous or Donor Stem Cell Transplant
NCT01307579	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Caspofungin Versus Fluconazole in Preventing Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT01371656	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Levofloxacin in Preventing Infection in Young Patients With Acute Leukemia Receiving Chemotherapy or Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT02085408	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clofarabine or Daunorubicin Hydrochloride and Cytarabine Followed By Decitabine or Observation in Treating Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00658814	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Azacitidine and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Treating Older Patients With Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT01627041	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Decitabine, Cytarabine, and Daunorubicin Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT02115295	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Cladribine, Idarubicin, Cytarabine, and Venetoclax in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome, or Blastic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
NCT02727803	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Personalized NK Cell Therapy in CBT
NCT03747757	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Helping Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Lymphoma With Cancer-Related Fatigue
NCT04214249	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	BLAST MRD AML-1: BLockade of PD-1 Added to Standard Therapy to Target Measurable Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 1- A Randomized Phase 2 Study of Anti-PD-1 Pembrolizumab in Combination With Intensive Chemotherapy as Frontline Therapy in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT04269213	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	CPX-351 for the Treatment of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Patients Younger Than 60 Years Old
NCT04284787	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	BLAST MRD AML-2: BLockade of PD-1 Added to Standard Therapy to Target Measurable Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 2- A Randomized Phase 2 Study of Anti-PD-1 Pembrolizumab in Combination With Azacitidine and Venetoclax as Frontline Therapy in Unfit Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT05554419	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Testing the Use of Combination Therapy in Patients With Persistent Low Level Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Initial Treatment, The ERASE Study (A MyeloMATCH Treatment Trial)
NCT05584761	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Combined With Azacitidine Based Treatment for Advanced MDS,CMML-2 and sAML
NCT05807932	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Venetoclax in Addition to Sequential Conditioning With Fludarabine / Amsacrine / Ara-C (FLAMSA) + Treosulfan for Allogeneic Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With MDS, CMML or sAML
NCT06928662	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Chemotherapy (Decitabine in Combination With FLAG-Ida) and Total-Body Irradiation Followed by Donor Stem Cell Transplant for the Treatment of Adults With Myeloid Malignancies at High Risk of Relapse
NCT07582172	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Total Marrow and Lymphoid Irradiation in Combination With Fludarabine and Melphalan as Conditioning for Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Hematopoietic Cell Transplant in Older Patients With Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
NCT00016016	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Flavopiridol, Cytarabine, and Mitoxantrone in Treating Patients With Acute Leukemia
NCT00045435	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Reduced Intensity Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With De Novo or Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission
NCT00052520	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Acute or Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Who Are Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT00052598	PHASE1/PHASE2	TERMINATED	Therapeutic Allogeneic Lymphocytes and Aldesleukin in Treating Patients With High-Risk or Recurrent Myeloid Leukemia After Undergoing Donor Stem Cell Transplant
NCT00096122	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Idarubicin, Cytarabine, and Tipifarnib in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00096148	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Idarubicin and Cytarabine With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00119366	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Iodine I 131 Monoclonal Antibody BC8, Fludarabine Phosphate, Total Body Irradiation, and Donor Stem Cell Transplant Followed by Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Treating Patients With Advanced Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome
NCT00145613	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant for Treatment Refractory Hematological Malignancies
NCT00305773	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Vorinostat in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00309907	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Etanercept in Treating Young Patients With Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome After Undergoing a Donor Stem Cell Transplant
NCT00313586	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Azacitidine With or Without Entinostat in Treating Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia, or Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00352365	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Lenalidomide in Treating Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00357565	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Infant Leukemia
NCT00387426	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Sunitinib in Treating Patients With Idiopathic Myelofibrosis
NCT00407966	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Alvocidib, Cytarabine, and Mitoxantrone in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NCT00462605	PHASE2	COMPLETED	MS-275 and GM-CSF in Treating Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome and/or Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
DAUNORUBICIN	4	16
MITOXANTRONE	4	7
IDARUBICIN	4	4
MIDOSTAURIN	4	4
CLADRIBINE	4	3
CLOFARABINE	4	3
ELTROMBOPAG	4	3
PALIFERMIN	4	3
BELINOSTAT	4	2
DECITABINE	4	2
DEFERASIROX	4	2
FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE	4	2
GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN	4	2
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE	4	2
VENETOCLAX	4	2
AMSACRINE	4	1
ASPARAGINASE	4	1
AZACITIDINE	4	1
BASILIXIMAB	4	1
BUSULFAN	4	1
CASPOFUNGIN ACETATE	4	1
EDETATE CALCIUM DISODIUM MONOHYDRATE	4	1
FLUCONAZOLE	4	1
FOSCARNET	4	1
FOSCARNET SODIUM	4	1
GANCICLOVIR	4	1
GILTERITINIB	4	1
GLASDEGIB	4	1
LEVOFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS	4	1
LITHIUM CARBONATE	4	1