Thyroid gland disorder

disease
On this page

Also known as disease of thyroid glanddisease or disorder of thyroid glanddisorder of thyroid glandthyroid diseasethyroid gland diseasethyroid gland disease or disorderthyroid gland diseasesthyroid gland disorders

Summary

Thyroid gland disorder (MONDO:0003240) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 12 Mondo subtypes) with 1 cohort gene (302 GWAS associations across 34 studies) and 132 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include levothyroxine, cefazolin, and doxycycline anhydrous.

At a glance

  • Umbrella term: 12 Mondo subtypes
  • Cohort genes: 1
  • GWAS associations: 302
  • ClinVar variants: 1
  • Clinical trials: 132

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namethyroid gland disorder
Mondo IDMONDO:0003240
EFOEFO:1000627
MeSHD013959
DOIDDOID:50
ICD-10-CME00-E07
NCITC26893
SNOMED CT14304000
UMLSC4317107
MedGen1378579
Anatomy (UBERON)UBERON:0002046
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: disease of thyroid gland · disease or disorder of thyroid gland · disorder of thyroid gland · thyroid disease · thyroid gland disease · thyroid gland disease or disorder · thyroid gland diseases · thyroid gland disorder · thyroid gland disorders

Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant · 302 GWAS associations (34 studies).

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 12 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › endocrine system disorderthyroid gland disorder

Related subtypes (47): autoimmune disorder of endocrine system, parathyroid gland disorder, endocrine gland neoplasm, gonadal disorder, pancreas disorder, pituitary gland disorder, thymus gland disorder, liver disorder, adrenal gland disorder, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, non-neoplastic bile duct disorder, endocrine tuberculosis, campomelic dysplasia, polycystic ovary syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy-hypergonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-hypothyroidism-ciliary dyskinesia syndrome, genito-palato-cardiac syndrome, hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia and body hemihypertrophy, Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome, blepharophimosis - intellectual disability syndrome, SBBYS type, Wolfram-like syndrome, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 8 with or without oligodontia and-or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, estrogen resistance syndrome, short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy, pituitary deficiency, hereditary endocrine growth disease, diencephalic syndrome, muscular pseudohypertrophy-hypothyroidism syndrome, neonatal iodine exposure, disorders of vitamin D metabolism, rapid-onset childhood obesity-hypothalamic dysfunction-hypoventilation-autonomic dysregulation syndrome, duplication of the pituitary gland, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, hypothalamic adipsic hypernatraemia syndrome, Leydig cell hypoplasia, inherited obesity, beta thalassemia, thyroid hormone metabolism, abnormal, neuroendocrine disorder, NKX2-1 related choreoathetosis and congenital hypothyroidism with or without pulmonary dysfunction, parneoplastic endocrine syndrome, 17,20-lyase deficiency, isolated, 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, combined complete, 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, combined partial, disorder of GNAS inactivation, acquired hypothalamic obesity

Subtypes (12): thyrocalcitonin secretion disease, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, thyroid malformation, hyperthyroxinemia, goiter, hypothyroidism, C-cell hyperplasia, atrophy of thyroid, euthyroid sick syndrome, thyroid tumor, inherited thyroid metabolism disease

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

302 GWAS associations across 34 studies. Top hits map to 12 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsIDp-valueGeneRisk alleleOdds ratio
chr6:326363753e-202G0.21
chr1:1138349466e-184G0.32
chr9:977766415e-163G0.21
rs9655139e-148PTCSC2A0.23
rs70302413e-132PTCSC2T0.23
chr12:1114468042e-124C0.17
rs78502582e-119PTCSC2A0.24
chr2:2038741967e-97A0.15
rs66796775e-65PHTF1 - RSBN1C0.22
rs92722937e-65HLA-DQA1A0.22
rs30872432e-64CTLA4 - ICOSG0.15
rs73106157e-63SH2B3C0.14
rs31845044e-59ATXN2, SH2B3T0.14
rs24766013e-58AP4B1-AS1, PTPN22A0.24
rs31349961e-57HLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P1A0.15
chr1:1083570037e-55T0.24
chr1:1083577975e-54C0.21
rs116753428e-54TPOC0.13
rs170201271e-51VAV3A0.23
rs784956973e-49VAV3C0.2
chr3:1884032313e-49T0.1
chr2:1910904631e-48T0.12
chr1:1078210142e-48C0.18
rs112116452e-44TPOA0.12
chr6:902794064e-42C0.1
chr11:955782581e-40C0.12
chr4:1487123162e-37T0.11
chr6:1669728582e-34C0.09
chr10:60568617e-34C0.09
chr22:371906324e-33C0.09

Top studies (by case count)

StudyLead authorYearCasesControlsTitle
GCST90473152UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium202545,375413,065Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667783UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium202545,375413,065Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90475276Verma A202433,335282,333Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90038635Donertas HM202128,254456,344Common genetic associations between age-related diseases.
GCST90475277Verma A202426,295289,373Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90475654Verma A20244,240438,790Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90727281Kim HI20264,05439,972Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity.
GCST90477306Verma A20243,866441,120Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90476719Verma A20243,59751,908Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90479597Verma A20243,59751,908Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

TierVariants
Tier 1: coding2
Tier 2: splice/UTR0
Tier 3: regulatory1
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic47

MAF distribution

BucketVariants
common (>=0.05)29
low_freq (0.01-0.05)0
rare (<0.01)0
unknown21

Functional consequences

ConsequenceCount
unknown27
intron_variant13
intergenic_variant4
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant3
missense_variant2
regulatory_region_variant1

Top variants

rsIDChrPosAllelesMAFConsequenceGenep-valueTier
chr6:326363753e-202Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:1138349466e-184Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr9:977766415e-163Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs965513997793827A>C,G,T0.333intron_variantPTCSC29e-148Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7030241997788093T>A,C,G0.321non_coding_transcript_exon_variantPTCSC23e-132Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr12:1114468042e-124Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7850258997786731A>G,T0.322non_coding_transcript_exon_variantPTCSC22e-119Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:2038741967e-97Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs66796771113761186C>A,T0.096intergenic_variantPHTF1 - RSBN15e-65Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9272293632635965A>G,T0.458intergenic_variantHLA-DQA17e-65Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs30872432203874196G>A,T0.446intergenic_variantCTLA4 - ICOS2e-64Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs731061512111427245C>A,G,T0.49intron_variantSH2B37e-63Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs318450412111446804T>A,C,G0.491missense_variantATXN2, SH2B34e-59Tier 1: coding
rs24766011113834946A>G,T0.081missense_variantAP4B1-AS1, PTPN223e-58Tier 1: coding
rs3134996632669089A>C,T0.361non_coding_transcript_exon_variantHLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P11e-57Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:1083570030.0857e-55Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:1083577970.0855e-54Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1167534221403856C>T0.421intron_variantTPO8e-54Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs170201271107815461A>G0.085intron_variantVAV31e-51Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs784956971107813097C>A,T0.086intron_variantVAV33e-49Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr3:1884032313e-49Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:1910904631e-48Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:1078210142e-48Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1121164521408809A>G,T0.385intron_variantTPO2e-44Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:902794064e-42Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:955782581e-40Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr4:1487123162e-37Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:1669728582e-34Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr10:60568617e-34Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr22:371906324e-33Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

ClinVar germline variants

1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

1 uncertain significance

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
373954NM_000094.4(COL7A1):c.1442G>A (p.Arg481His)COL7A1Uncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 9 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
COL7A1Orphanet:158673Localized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, acral form
COL7A1Orphanet:158676Localized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, nails only
COL7A1Orphanet:231568Autosomal dominant generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
COL7A1Orphanet:79408Autosomal recessive generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, severe form
COL7A1Orphanet:79409Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa inversa
COL7A1Orphanet:79410Localized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, pretibial form
COL7A1Orphanet:79411Self-improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
COL7A1Orphanet:89842Autosomal recessive generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, intermediate form
COL7A1Orphanet:89843Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence1

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
COL7A1HGNC:2214ENSG00000114270Q02388Collagen alpha-1(VII) chainclinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
COL7A1Collagen alpha-1(VII) chainStratified squamous epithelial basement membrane protein that forms anchoring fibrils which may contribute to epithelial basement membrane organization and adherence by interacting with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as type IV c…

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 1.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Antibody/Immunoglobulin129.2×0.034

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
COL7A1Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesVWF_A, Kunitz_BPTI, FN3_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)1
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
skin of abdomen1
skin of leg1
stromal cell of endometrium1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
COL7A1267ubiquitousmarkerstromal cell of endometrium, skin of abdomen, skin of leg

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
COL7A11,767

Structural data

PDB: 0 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
COL7A1Q02388

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 10. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Anchoring fibril formation1761.3×0.007COL7A1
Fibronectin matrix formation1571.0×0.007COL7A1
Laminin interactions1380.7×0.007COL7A1
Cargo concentration in the ER1335.9×0.007COL7A1
Collagen chain trimerization1259.6×0.007COL7A1
Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures1200.3×0.007COL7A1
Collagen degradation1175.7×0.007COL7A1
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes1170.4×0.007COL7A1
COPII-mediated vesicle transport1163.1×0.007COL7A1
Integrin cell surface interactions1134.3×0.007COL7A1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
endodermal cell differentiation1495.6×0.006COL7A1
epidermis development1210.7×0.007COL7A1
cell adhesion137.5×0.027COL7A1

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease

4 approved drugs — disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

DrugStatus
CarbimazoleApproved (phase 4)
MethimazoleApproved (phase 4)
Potassium PerchlorateApproved (phase 4)
PropylthiouracilApproved (phase 4)

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 1

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
COL7A100

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)0
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug1COL7A1
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug0

Undrugged target profiles

1 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
COL7A10

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 132.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified103
PHASE47
PHASE37
PHASE26
PHASE1/PHASE23
PHASE13
PHASE2/PHASE32
EARLY_PHASE11

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT06785987PHASE4ENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONContinuous Lidocaine Infusion in Thyroid Surgery Using Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
NCT07462195PHASE4RECRUITINGDexmedetomidine for Improving Emergence Quality in Thyroid Surgery
NCT01831869PHASE4UNKNOWNEffect of L-Thyroxine on Lipid Profiles and Atherosclerosis in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
NCT01848171PHASE4UNKNOWNEffects of L-thyroxine Replacement on Serum Lipid and Atherosclerosis in Hypothyroidism
NCT03469310PHASE4COMPLETEDMinimizing Narcotic Analgesics After Endocrine Surgery
NCT04542278PHASE4COMPLETEDPreoperative Steroids in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
NCT05294393PHASE4COMPLETEDRopivacaine Plus Magnesium Sulphate Infiltration
NCT04785443PHASE3RECRUITINGContribution of ICG Angiography in the Detection of Parathyroids and the Prevention of Hypoparathyroidism Post Total Thyroidectomy
NCT05276063PHASE2/PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Phase 2b, Study of Linsitinib in Subjects With Active, Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)
NCT06112340PHASE2/PHASE3RECRUITINGExtension Study of Two Doses of Linsitinib in Subjects With Active, Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)
NCT06752239PHASE3RECRUITINGProphylactic Radiotherapy Optimization for Enhanced Thyroid Function Protection in NPC
NCT01189292PHASE3COMPLETEDPreoperative Single-dose Steroid Application for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting After Thyroid Surgery
NCT01696305PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy for Hyalobarrier to Evaluate Anti-adhesive Effect and Safety Compared to Guardix-SG After Thyroidectomy
NCT02980679PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study to Compare the Safety and Imaging Pattern of Cyclotron-produced Technetium (CTC) vs. Generator-produced Technetium (G-PERT) in People With Thyroid Disorders Who Need Surgery
NCT05117853PHASE3UNKNOWNAutofluorescence and Indocyanine Green to Avoid Hypocalcemia After Thyroidectomy
NCT06036576PHASE3COMPLETEDThyroxine Therapy for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Hypothyroid Women
NCT00054756PHASE2COMPLETEDStudy of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Normal Volunteers and in Patients With Thyroid or Pituitary Abnormalities
NCT00106119PHASE2COMPLETEDThyroid and Glucose and Energy Metabolism
NCT01727973PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDEfficacy of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline for Moderate to Severe and Active Graves’ Orbitopathy
NCT01873014PHASE1/PHASE2UNKNOWNthe Effect of Chinese Herbs to Treat Thyroid Diseases With Different Iodine Intake
NCT02203682PHASE2UNKNOWNDoxycycline Treatment in Mild Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
NCT03037385PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDPhase 1/2 Study of the Highly-selective RET Inhibitor, Pralsetinib (BLU-667), in Participants With Thyroid Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Other Advanced Solid Tumors
NCT04124705PHASE2COMPLETEDA Study of Armour® Thyroid Compared to Synthetic T4 (Levothyroxine) in Previously Hypothyroid Participants
NCT04427904PHASE2UNKNOWNBupivacaine Versus Lidocaine Infiltration for Postoperative Pain in Thyroid Surgery
NCT06054178PHASE2COMPLETEDIdentification of Nerves Using Fluorescein Sodium
NCT03640247PHASE1COMPLETEDPain Medications Following Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy
NCT04842942PHASE1UNKNOWNThe Safety and Feasibility of Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach
NCT06939946PHASE1TERMINATEDIntraoperative Parathyroid Gland (PTG) Identification Using a Hand-Held Imager (HHI)
NCT04094493EARLY_PHASE1UNKNOWNVit D Role in Post Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia
NCT05635266Not specifiedRECRUITINGTissue Repository Providing Annotated Biospecimens for Approved Investigator-directed Biomedical Research Initiatives
NCT05678374Not specifiedRECRUITINGExploring Immunological Markers Associated With Mental Fatigue in Graves’ Disease
NCT06296420Not specifiedRECRUITINGDysphagia After Thyroidectomy
NCT06730321Not specifiedRECRUITINGSurgical Competency for Robot-Assisted Thyroidectomy: Construction and Validation of a Robotic Thyroidectomy Assessment Score (RTAS)
NCT06738888Not specifiedRECRUITINGRenovated Prediction Model for Difficult Transoral and Submental Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
NCT06803732Not specifiedRECRUITINGPostoperative Pain of Robotic, Endoscopic and Open Lateral Neck Dissection
NCT06864351Not specifiedRECRUITINGProspective Evaluation of OptiThyDose
NCT06868459Not specifiedENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONPressure-enabled Retrograde Occlusive Therapy With Embolization for Control of Thyroid Disease (PROTECT Registry): A Multicenter Registry
NCT06960005Not specifiedENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONThyMoves: Screening and Exercise to Improve Muscle, Enhance Quality of Life, and Reduce Fall Risk in Thyroid Disease
NCT07027579Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGEffect of Nutrition Education on the Quality of Life, Chronic Disease Adaptation in Patients With Thyroid Dysfunction
NCT07043166Not specifiedRECRUITINGCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Shanghai Zicitizens

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
LEVOTHYROXINE47
CEFAZOLIN43
DOXYCYCLINE ANHYDROUS42
INDOCYANINE GREEN ACID FORM42
CALCIUM CARBONATE41
FLUORESCEIN SODIUM41
LIOTHYRONINE41
PRALSETINIB41
PROPYLTHIOURACIL41
TRAMADOL41
TRIAMCINOLONE41
THYROID37
LINSITINIB32
CIPEPOFOL31
CHEMBL405972201
CHEMBL429759701
CHEMBL120043301
(R,R)-TRAMADOL01
CELLULOSE, OXIDIZED-11