Toxic shock syndrome

Summary

Toxic shock syndrome (MONDO:0001881) is a disease and 5 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include albumin human. A subtype of commensal bacterial infectious disease — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 (Worldwide)
• Phenotypes (HPO): 60
• Clinical trials: 5

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

1 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Point prevalence	1-9 / 100 000	3	Worldwide	Not yet validated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

60 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 50 by frequency):

HPO ID	Term	Frequency
HP:0002615	Hypotension	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0031273	Shock	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0032169	Severe infection	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001289	Confusion	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001581	Recurrent skin infections	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001649	Tachycardia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001942	Metabolic acidosis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001945	Fever	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002027	Abdominal pain	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002098	Respiratory distress	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002151	Increased circulating lactate concentration	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0003326	Myalgia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0011799	Abnormality of facial soft tissue	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0012531	Pain	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0100537	Fasciitis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000083	Renal insufficiency	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000099	Glomerulonephritis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000246	Sinusitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000988	Skin rash	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001287	Meningitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001369	Arthritis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001873	Thrombocytopenia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002013	Vomiting	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002014	Diarrhea	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002018	Nausea	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002090	Pneumonia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002383	Infectious encephalitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002586	Peritonitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002754	Osteomyelitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002789	Tachypnea	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002814	Abnormality of the lower limb	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002817	Abnormality of the upper limb	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002901	Hypocalcemia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003073	Hypoalbuminemia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003095	Septic arthritis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003236	Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003259	Elevated circulating creatinine concentration	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0005521	Disseminated intravascular coagulation	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0008066	Abnormal blistering of the skin	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0011355	Localized skin lesion	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0011947	Respiratory tract infection	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0012115	Hepatitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0012819	Myocarditis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0025143	Chills	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0025439	Pharyngitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0025615	Abscess	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0030005	Capillary leak	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0031364	Ecchymosis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0031691	Severe viral infection	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0031864	Bacteremia	Occasional (5-29%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	toxic shock syndrome
Mondo ID	MONDO:0001881
MeSH	D012772
Orphanet	36234
DOID	DOID:14115
ICD-10-CM	A48.3
ICD-11	114886962
NCIT	C35498
SNOMED CT	18504008
UMLS	C0600327
MedGen	109414
GARD	0009560
NORD	1782
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: bacterial toxic-shock syndrome · bacterial TSS · shock syndrome (TSS), toxic · staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome · syndrome (TSS), toxic shock · toxic shock syndrome · toxic shock syndrome, (TSS) · TSS · TSS, toxic shock syndrome

Disease family

This is a subtype of commensal bacterial infectious disease. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious disease › bacterial infectious disease › commensal bacterial infectious disease › toxic shock syndrome

Related subtypes (5): actinomycosis, chlamydia trachomatis infectious disease, gas gangrene, Lemierre syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Subtypes (2): streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome, staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

1 approved, 32 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Epinephrine	Approved (phase 4)
Albumin Human	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Angiotensin Ii	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ascorbic Acid	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cefepime	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Clarithromycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dexmedetomidine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dextrose	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dopamine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated)	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Esketamine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Esmolol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Fludrocortisone Acetate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Hydrocortisone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ibuprofen	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Iloprost	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Insulin Human	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ivabradine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ketamine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Landiolol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lidocaine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mannitol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Meropenem	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Midazolam	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Midodrine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Norepinephrine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Piperacillin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Propofol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Remifentanil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sodium Chloride	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tazobactam	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Thiopental	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Vasopressin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Dalteparin Sodium, Dobutamine, Eptifibatide, Heparin, Hydroxocobalamin, Levocarnitine, Levosimendan, Liothyronine, Milrinone, Phenylephrine, Sevoflurane, Simvastatin, Terlipressin, Tranexamic Acid, Vilobelimab.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 5.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE2	2
PHASE1	2
Not specified	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02219165	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy of IntraVenous ImmunoGlobulins in Toxic Shock Syndromes: a Paediatric Pilot Study
NCT02814708	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial of the BioMed rTSST-1 Variant Vaccine in Healthy Adults
NCT02340338	PHASE1	COMPLETED	rTSST-1 Variant Vaccine Phase 1 First-in-man Trail
NCT02971670	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Amendment of rTSST-1 Variant Vaccine Phase 1 Clinical Trial
NCT07199998	Not specified	RECRUITING	Impact of Internal Menstrual Protections on Immunity and Vaginal Microbiota

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
ALBUMIN HUMAN	4	1