Ventricular fibrillation

disease

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Also known as fibrillation, ventricularventricular fibrillation (disease)VFVFib

Summary

Ventricular fibrillation (MONDO:0000190) is a disease with 22 cohort genes (6 GWAS associations across 8 studies) and 139 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Muscle contraction (10 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include amiodarone, imipramine, and propranolol.

At a glance

Cohort genes: 22
GWAS associations: 6
ClinVar variants: 33
Clinical trials: 139

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	ventricular fibrillation
Mondo ID	MONDO:0000190
EFO	EFO:0004287
MeSH	D014693
ICD-10-CM	I49.01
ICD-11	1662472992
NCIT	C50799
SNOMED CT	71908006
UMLS	C0042510
MedGen	21844
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: fibrillation, ventricular · ventricular fibrillation · ventricular fibrillation (disease) · VF · VFib

Data availability: 33 ClinVar variants · 6 GWAS associations (8 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 1 Mondo subtype.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › cardiovascular disorder › heart disorder › cardiac rhythm disease › ventricular fibrillation

Related subtypes (16): cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, torsade-de-pointes syndrome with short coupling interval, sinoatrial node dysfunction and deafness, sino-auricular heart block, multifocal atrial tachycardia, His bundle tachycardia, incessant infant ventricular tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias due to cardiac ryanodine receptor calcium release deficiency syndrome, sudden arrhythmia death syndrome, cardiac conduction defect, sudden cardiac arrest, cardiac conduction disease with or without cardiomyoopathy, cardiogenetic rhythm disorder

Subtypes (1): paroxysmal familial ventricular fibrillation

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

6 GWAS associations across 8 studies. Top hits map to 5 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs192704764	3e-12	PRICKLE2	G	2.84
rs574135150	3e-12	ATP11A	C	2.89
rs551567250	2e-11	SLC27A6	G	2.8
rs139101475	4e-11	DNMT3L	G	2.66
rs76834605	3e-08	CYCSP19 - RN7SKP277	?
rs11180661	8e-08	PDZRN4	?

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90477940	Verma A	2024	1,168	448,408	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90436118	Zhou W	2018	1,137	380,919	Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies.
GCST000725	Bezzina CR	2010	515	0	Genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus at 21q21 for ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction.
GCST90651802	Liu TY	2025	457	208,597	Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST90436119	Zhou W	2018	333	380,919	Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies.
GCST90480172	Verma A	2024	309	121,203	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90482004	Verma A	2024	309	121,203	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90651580	Liu TY	2025	171	208,597	Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	6

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	1
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	4
unknown	1

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	5
intergenic_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs192704764	3	64137291	G>A	0	intron_variant	PRICKLE2	3e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs574135150	13	112765860	C>A,G,T	0	intron_variant	ATP11A	3e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs551567250	5	128769005	G>A,T	0	intergenic_variant	SLC27A6	2e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs139101475	21	44253971	G>C,T	0	intron_variant	DNMT3L	4e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs76834605	7	121625010	A>G		intron_variant	CYCSP19 - RN7SKP277	3e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11180661	12	41290997	A>G	0.05	intron_variant	PDZRN4	8e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

ClinVar germline variants

33 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

13 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 6 uncertain significance, 5 benign/likely benign, 4 likely benign, 2 pathogenic, 2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 1 not provided

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
374137	NM_004415.4(DSP):c.2528C>A (p.Ser843Ter)	DSP	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
523473	NM_004387.4(NKX2-5):c.711C>A (p.Tyr237Ter)	NKX2-5	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
201214	NM_001035.3(RYR2):c.1258C>T (p.Arg420Trp)	RYR2	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
9383	NM_000335.5(SCN5A):c.5126C>T (p.Ser1709Leu)	SCN5A	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
180262	NM_005751.5(AKAP9):c.3580G>A (p.Ala1194Thr)	AKAP9	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
190484	NM_005751.5(AKAP9):c.4825_4826delinsCA (p.Arg1609Gln)	AKAP9	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
518526	NM_000722.4(CACNA2D1):c.1648G>T (p.Asp550Tyr)	CACNA2D1	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
222521	NM_201596.3(CACNB2):c.334-8C>T	CACNB2	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
222577	NM_004415.4(DSP):c.3134G>A (p.Arg1045Gln)	DSP	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
5541	NM_005472.5(KCNE3):c.248G>A (p.Arg83His)	KCNE3	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
190821	NM_000891.3(KCNJ2):c.973C>T (p.Arg325Cys)	KCNJ2	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
201978	NM_001005242.3(PKP2):c.964G>T (p.Gly322Cys)	PKP2	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
180509	NM_001037.5(SCN1B):c.448+112G>A	SCN1B	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
47137	NM_001267550.2(TTN):c.58636G>C (p.Glu19546Gln)	TTN	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
691681	NM_001267550.2(TTN):c.85646C>T (p.Thr28549Ile)	TTN	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
191858	NM_001267550.2(TTN):c.89708C>G (p.Thr29903Ser)	TTN-AS1	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
47561	NM_001267550.2(TTN):c.95653G>A (p.Ala31885Thr)	TTN-AS1	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
180257	NM_001103.4(ACTN2):c.82C>T (p.Arg28Cys)	ACTN2	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
222488	NM_005751.5(AKAP9):c.5272G>C (p.Asp1758His)	AKAP9	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
180289	NM_201596.3(CACNB2):c.1056G>A (p.Ala352=)	CACNB2	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
222568	NM_001943.5(DSG2):c.3265G>A (p.Gly1089Ser)	DSG2-AS1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
222715	NM_002471.4(MYH6):c.2612G>A (p.Arg871His)	MYH6	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
180530	NM_003098.3(SNTA1):c.1210G>A (p.Ala404Thr)	SNTA1	Uncertain significance	no assertion criteria provided
191555	NM_005751.5(AKAP9):c.9092A>G (p.Gln3031Arg)	AKAP9	Benign/Likely benign	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
18060	NM_001148.6(ANK2):c.11791G>A (p.Glu3931Lys)	ANK2	Benign/Likely benign	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
188476	NM_000152.5(GAA):c.676C>G (p.Leu226Val)	GAA	Likely benign	reviewed by expert panel
42487	NM_000218.3(KCNQ1):c.160_168dup (p.Ile54_Pro56dup)	KCNQ1	Likely benign	reviewed by expert panel
36641	NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.3981C>A (p.Asn1327Lys)	MYH7	Likely benign	reviewed by expert panel
43044	NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.4909G>A (p.Ala1637Thr)	MYH7	Likely benign	reviewed by expert panel
180563	NM_017636.4(TRPM4):c.1682A>C (p.Asp561Ala)	TRPM4	Benign/Likely benign	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 93 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
RYR2	Orphanet:293888	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-left variant
RYR2	Orphanet:293899	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular variant
RYR2	Orphanet:293910	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-right variant
RYR2	Orphanet:3286	Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
SCN1B	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
SCN1B	Orphanet:1934	Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
SCN1B	Orphanet:33069	Dravet syndrome
SCN1B	Orphanet:334	Hereditary atrial fibrillation
SCN1B	Orphanet:36387	Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizure plus
SCN1B	Orphanet:871	Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect
SCN5A	Orphanet:101016	Romano-Ward syndrome
SCN5A	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
SCN5A	Orphanet:1344	Isolated atrial standstill
SCN5A	Orphanet:154	Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
SCN5A	Orphanet:166282	Hereditary sick sinus syndrome
SCN5A	Orphanet:228140	Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
SCN5A	Orphanet:334	Hereditary atrial fibrillation
SCN5A	Orphanet:871	Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect
SNTA1	Orphanet:101016	Romano-Ward syndrome
TTN	Orphanet:140922	Titin-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R10
TTN	Orphanet:154	Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
TTN	Orphanet:169186	Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy
TTN	Orphanet:178464	Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure
TTN	Orphanet:289377	Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy
TTN	Orphanet:293888	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-left variant
TTN	Orphanet:293899	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular variant
TTN	Orphanet:293910	Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-right variant
TTN	Orphanet:324604	Classic multiminicore myopathy
TTN	Orphanet:334	Hereditary atrial fibrillation
TTN	Orphanet:466921	Childhood-onset progressive contractures-limb-girdle weakness-muscle dystrophy syndrome
TTN	Orphanet:609	Tibial muscular dystrophy
TTN	Orphanet:707983	Early-onset autosomal recessive TTN-related distal myopathy
CACNA2D1	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
CACNA2D1	Orphanet:442835	Non-specific early-onset epileptic encephalopathy
CACNA2D1	Orphanet:51083	Congenital short QT syndrome
CACNB2	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
ACTN2	Orphanet:154	Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
ACTN2	Orphanet:708129	Autosomal recessive ACTN2-related distal myopathy
ACTN2	Orphanet:708133	Autosomal dominant ACTN2-related distal myopathy
TRPM4	Orphanet:130	Brugada syndrome
TRPM4	Orphanet:316	Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia
TRPM4	Orphanet:871	Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect
NKX2-5	Orphanet:101351	Familial isolated congenital asplenia
NKX2-5	Orphanet:1479	Atrial septal defect-atrioventricular conduction defects syndrome
NKX2-5	Orphanet:1627	Deletion 5q35 syndrome
NKX2-5	Orphanet:2248	Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
NKX2-5	Orphanet:3303	Tetralogy of Fallot
NKX2-5	Orphanet:334	Hereditary atrial fibrillation
NKX2-5	Orphanet:402075	Familial bicuspid aortic valve
NKX2-5	Orphanet:871	Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect

Cohort genes → proteins

22 cohort genes, 20 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	22

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
RYR2	HGNC:10484	ENSG00000198626	Q92736	Ryanodine receptor 2	clinvar
SCN1B	HGNC:10586	ENSG00000105711	Q07699	Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-1	clinvar
SCN5A	HGNC:10593	ENSG00000183873	Q14524	Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	clinvar
SNTA1	HGNC:11167	ENSG00000101400	Q13424	Alpha-1-syntrophin	clinvar
TTN	HGNC:12403	ENSG00000155657	Q8WZ42	Titin	clinvar
CACNA2D1	HGNC:1399	ENSG00000153956	P54289	Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1	clinvar
CACNB2	HGNC:1402	ENSG00000165995	Q08289	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2	clinvar
ACTN2	HGNC:164	ENSG00000077522	P35609	Alpha-actinin-2	clinvar
TRPM4	HGNC:17993	ENSG00000130529	Q8TD43	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4	clinvar
NKX2-5	HGNC:2488	ENSG00000183072	P52952	Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5	clinvar
DSP	HGNC:3052	ENSG00000096696	P15924	Desmoplakin	clinvar
AKAP9	HGNC:379	ENSG00000127914	Q99996	A-kinase anchor protein 9	clinvar
GAA	HGNC:4065	ENSG00000171298	P10253	Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	clinvar
TTN-AS1	HGNC:44124	ENSG00000237298		TTN antisense RNA 1	clinvar
ANK2	HGNC:493	ENSG00000145362	Q01484	Ankyrin-2	clinvar
DSG2-AS1	HGNC:51311	ENSG00000264859		DSG2 antisense RNA 1	clinvar
KCNE3	HGNC:6243	ENSG00000175538	Q9Y6H6	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3	clinvar
KCNJ2	HGNC:6263	ENSG00000123700	P63252	Inward rectifier potassium channel 2	clinvar
KCNQ1	HGNC:6294	ENSG00000053918	P51787	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	clinvar
MYH6	HGNC:7576	ENSG00000197616	P13533	Myosin-6	clinvar
MYH7	HGNC:7577	ENSG00000092054	P12883	Myosin-7	clinvar
PKP2	HGNC:9024	ENSG00000057294	Q99959	Plakophilin-2	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
RYR2	Ryanodine receptor 2	Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction.
SCN1B	Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-1	Regulatory subunit of multiple voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels directly mediating the depolarization of excitable membranes.
SCN5A	Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	Pore-forming subunit of Nav1.5, a voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel that directly mediates the depolarizing phase of action potentials in excitable membranes.
SNTA1	Alpha-1-syntrophin	Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins.
TTN	Titin	Key component in the assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles.
CACNA2D1	Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1	The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel.
CACNB2	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2	Beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels which contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current.
ACTN2	Alpha-actinin-2	F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures.
TRPM4	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4	Calcium-activated selective cation channel that mediates membrane depolarization.
NKX2-5	Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5	Transcription factor required for the development of the heart and the spleen.
DSP	Desmoplakin	A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion.
AKAP9	A-kinase anchor protein 9	Scaffolding protein that assembles several protein kinases and phosphatases on the centrosome and Golgi apparatus.
GAA	Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	Essential for the degradation of glycogen in lysosomes.
ANK2	Ankyrin-2	Plays an essential role in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, as well as in striated muscle cells.
KCNE3	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3	Ancillary protein that functions as a regulatory subunit of the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel complex composed of pore-forming and potassium-conducting alpha subunits and of regulatory beta subunits.
KCNJ2	Inward rectifier potassium channel 2	Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it.
KCNQ1	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	Pore-forming subunit of the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte excitability and important in normal development and functions of myocardium, inner ear, stomach and colon.
MYH6	Myosin-6	Muscle contraction.
MYH7	Myosin-7	Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity essential for muscle contraction.
PKP2	Plakophilin-2	A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 9 · Difficult: 7 · Unknown: 6 · Druggable fraction: 0.41

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Ion channel	6	30.4×	2e-07
Scaffold/PPI	6	4.7×	0.004
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	1	1.3×	0.970
Kinase	1	1.3×	0.970
Enzyme (other)	1	0.6×	0.998
Other/Unknown	6	0.5×	0.998
Transcription factor	1	0.4×	0.998

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
RYR2	Ion channel	yes		RIH_dom, B30.2/SPRY, EF_hand_dom
SCN1B	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		Ig_V-set, Ig-like_fold, Na_channel_b1/b3
SCN5A	Ion channel	yes		Na_channel_asu, Ion_trans_dom, Na_channel_a5su
SNTA1	Scaffold/PPI	no		PDZ, PH_domain, PH-like_dom_sf
TTN	Kinase	yes	2.7.11.1	Prot_kinase_dom, Ig_sub2, Ig_sub
CACNA2D1	Other/Unknown	no		VWF_A, VWA_N, VDCC_a2/dsu
CACNB2	Scaffold/PPI	no		VDCC_L_bsu, SH3_domain, VDCC_L_b2su
ACTN2	Other/Unknown	no		Actinin_actin-bd_CS, CH_dom, Spectrin_repeat
TRPM4	Ion channel	yes		Ion_trans_dom, TRPM_SLOG, TRPM
NKX2-5	Transcription factor	no		HD, Homeodomain-like_sf, Homeobox_CS
DSP	Scaffold/PPI	no		Plectin_repeat, SH3_domain, Spectrin/alpha-actinin
AKAP9	Other/Unknown	no		ELK_dom, PACT_domain, AKAP9/Pericentrin
GAA	Enzyme (other)	yes	3.2.1.20	Glyco_hydro_31_TIM, P_trefoil_dom, Gal_mutarotase_sf_dom
TTN-AS1	Other/Unknown	no
ANK2	Scaffold/PPI	no		Death_dom, ZU5_dom, Ankyrin_rpt
DSG2-AS1	Other/Unknown	no
KCNE3	Ion channel	yes		K_chnl_KCNE, K_chnl_volt-dep_bsu_KCNE3
KCNJ2	Ion channel	yes		K_chnl_inward-rec_Kir2.1, K_chnl_inward-rec_Kir_cyto, K_chnl_inward-rec_Kir_N
KCNQ1	Ion channel	yes		K_chnl_volt-dep_KCNQ, Ion_trans_dom, K_chnl_volt-dep_KCQN1
MYH6	Scaffold/PPI	no		Myosin_head_motor_dom-like, Myosin_tail, SH3_Myosin
MYH7	Scaffold/PPI	no		IQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, Myosin_head_motor_dom-like, Myosin_tail
PKP2	Other/Unknown	no		Armadillo, ARM-like, ARM-type_fold

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

19 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	22
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
apex of heart	6
hindlimb stylopod muscle	4
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	4
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	3
heart right ventricle	2
left ventricle myocardium	2
gastrocnemius	2
biceps brachii	2
buccal mucosa cell	2
cardiac atrium	2
right atrium auricular region	2
myocardium	1
cerebellum	1
primary visual cortex	1
right hemisphere of cerebellum	1
cardiac ventricle	1
heart left ventricle	1
gluteal muscle	1
adrenal tissue	1
mucosa of stomach	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
RYR2	210	broad	marker	heart right ventricle, left ventricle myocardium, myocardium
SCN1B	133	ubiquitous	marker	primary visual cortex, right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellum
SCN5A	161	broad	yes	apex of heart, heart left ventricle, cardiac ventricle
SNTA1	266	ubiquitous	marker	apex of heart, hindlimb stylopod muscle, gastrocnemius
TTN	223	broad	marker	biceps brachii, gluteal muscle, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
CACNA2D1	261	ubiquitous	marker	biceps brachii, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii, skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis
CACNB2	237	broad	marker	adrenal tissue, mucosa of stomach, buccal mucosa cell
ACTN2	226	broad	marker	skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii, hindlimb stylopod muscle
TRPM4	201	ubiquitous	marker	mucosa of transverse colon, rectum, apex of heart
NKX2-5	98	broad	yes	apex of heart, right atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium
DSP	253	ubiquitous	marker	skin of hip, upper leg skin, hair follicle
AKAP9	292	ubiquitous	marker	jejunal mucosa, bronchial epithelial cell, cortical plate
GAA	261	ubiquitous	marker	granulocyte, left testis, right testis
TTN-AS1	174	ubiquitous	marker	hindlimb stylopod muscle, gastrocnemius, right atrium auricular region
ANK2	281	ubiquitous	marker	substantia nigra pars compacta, lateral nuclear group of thalamus, substantia nigra pars reticulata
DSG2-AS1	124		marker	oocyte, buccal mucosa cell, sperm
KCNE3	227	broad	marker	nasal cavity epithelium, monocyte, leukocyte
KCNJ2	256	ubiquitous	marker	inferior vagus X ganglion, skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
KCNQ1	132	broad	marker	left adrenal gland cortex, left adrenal gland, right adrenal gland cortex
MYH6	154	tissue_specific	yes	cardiac muscle of right atrium, cardiac atrium, vena cava
MYH7	167	tissue_specific	marker	apex of heart, hindlimb stylopod muscle, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
PKP2	237	ubiquitous	marker	heart right ventricle, apex of heart, left ventricle myocardium

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 28.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
ANK2	6,423
TTN	4,237
AKAP9	3,537
KCNQ1	3,235
MYH6	3,119
DSP	2,897
ACTN2	2,781
MYH7	2,744
RYR2	2,653
NKX2-5	2,355

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
ACTN2	MYH6	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
ACTN2	MYH7	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
ACTN2	TTN	string_interaction
AKAP9	KCNE3	string_interaction
AKAP9	KCNQ1	biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction
AKAP9	SNTA1	string_interaction
ANK2	CACNA2D1	intact
ANK2	TTN	string_interaction
CACNA2D1	CACNB2	string_interaction
CACNA2D1	SCN5A	string_interaction
CACNB2	KCNE3	string_interaction
CACNB2	SCN1B	string_interaction
CACNB2	SCN5A	string_interaction
DSP	PKP2	string_interaction
KCNE3	KCNQ1	string_interaction
KCNE3	PKP2	biogrid_interaction
KCNE3	SCN1B	string_interaction
KCNE3	SCN5A	string_interaction
KCNQ1	SCN5A	string_interaction
MYH6	NKX2-5	string_interaction
MYH6	TTN	string_interaction
MYH7	TTN	string_interaction
PKP2	RYR2	string_interaction
PKP2	SCN5A	string_interaction
RYR2	SNTA1	intact
SCN1B	SCN5A	string_interaction
SCN5A	SNTA1	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
SCN5A	TRPM4	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 17 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 2

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
TTN	Q8WZ42	64
MYH7	P12883	43
SCN1B	Q07699	39
CACNA2D1	P54289	30
TRPM4	Q8TD43	29
KCNQ1	P51787	28
RYR2	Q92736	26
GAA	P10253	19
SCN5A	Q14524	16
ACTN2	P35609	16
ANK2	Q01484	11
NKX2-5	P52952	4
DSP	P15924	4
KCNE3	Q9Y6H6	4
CACNB2	Q08289	3
KCNJ2	P63252	3
PKP2	Q99959	1

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
SNTA1	Q13424	80.00
MYH6	P13533	74.91
AKAP9	Q99996

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 113. Enrichment computed across 22 evidence-associated genes (19 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 19 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Muscle contraction	10	40.6×	9e-13	RYR2, SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNB2, ACTN2, AKAP9, KCNE3, KCNJ2 (+2 more)
Cardiac conduction	8	45.8×	2e-10	RYR2, SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNB2, AKAP9, KCNE3, KCNJ2, KCNQ1
Phase 2 - plateau phase	4	160.3×	3e-07	CACNB2, AKAP9, KCNE3, KCNQ1
Phase 3 - rapid repolarisation	3	180.3×	1e-05	AKAP9, KCNE3, KCNQ1
Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins	3	58.2×	4e-04	SCN1B, SCN5A, ANK2
Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation	3	54.6×	4e-04	SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNB2
Striated Muscle Contraction	3	48.7×	5e-04	TTN, ACTN2, MYH6
Mechanical load activates signaling by PIEZO1 and integrins in osteocytes	2	70.7×	0.005	CACNA2D1, CACNB2
L1CAM interactions	3	19.0×	0.006	SCN1B, SCN5A, ANK2
Axon guidance	4	9.5×	0.008	SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNB2, ANK2
Neuronal System	4	9.3×	0.008	CACNB2, ACTN2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1
Nervous system development	4	9.0×	0.008	SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNB2, ANK2
Sensory Perception	3	15.0×	0.008	SCN1B, CACNB2, KCNJ2
Sensory perception of taste	2	35.4×	0.012	SCN1B, KCNJ2
Transmission across Chemical Synapses	3	12.0×	0.014	CACNB2, ACTN2, KCNJ2
Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste	2	29.3×	0.015	SCN1B, TRPM4
Cellular responses to mechanical stimuli	2	27.3×	0.016	CACNA2D1, CACNB2
Glycogen storage diseases	1	300.5×	0.019	GAA
Glycogen storage disease type II (GAA)	1	300.5×	0.019	GAA
Sensory perception of sour taste	1	300.5×	0.019	KCNJ2
Classical Kir channels	1	150.3×	0.036	KCNJ2
Potassium Channels	2	14.1×	0.044	KCNJ2, KCNQ1
Glycogen metabolism	1	100.2×	0.049	GAA
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission	2	10.5×	0.071	ACTN2, KCNJ2
G protein gated Potassium channels	1	60.1×	0.075	KCNJ2
Apoptotic cleavage of cell adhesion proteins	1	54.6×	0.077	DSP
Presynaptic depolarization and calcium channel opening	1	50.1×	0.077	CACNB2
Platelet degranulation	2	9.2×	0.077	TTN, ACTN2
Formation of the cornified envelope	2	9.2×	0.077	DSP, PKP2
CREB1 phosphorylation through NMDA receptor-mediated activation of RAS signaling	1	46.2×	0.081	ACTN2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 20 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	12	224.7×	1e-24	SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNA2D1, CACNB2, TRPM4, DSP, AKAP9, ANK2 (+4 more)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	8	337.0×	2e-17	SCN1B, SCN5A, SNTA1, CACNA2D1, AKAP9, ANK2, KCNE3, KCNQ1
cardiac muscle contraction	9	180.6×	3e-17	RYR2, SCN1B, SCN5A, TTN, NKX2-5, GAA, KCNQ1, MYH6 (+1 more)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	7	346.9×	2e-15	RYR2, SCN5A, SNTA1, ANK2, KCNE3, KCNQ1, PKP2
regulation of heart rate	6	140.4×	2e-10	RYR2, SCN5A, SNTA1, ANK2, MYH6, MYH7
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction	5	175.5×	3e-09	SCN1B, SCN5A, CACNA2D1, KCNJ2, PKP2
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	4	280.9×	3e-08	RYR2, TRPM4, DSP, PKP2
membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potential	3	842.6×	5e-08	SCN1B, SCN5A, TRPM4
membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential	3	842.6×	5e-08	SCN5A, CACNA2D1, TRPM4
striated muscle contraction	4	168.5×	2e-07	RYR2, TTN, MYH6, MYH7
positive regulation of sodium ion transport	4	168.5×	2e-07	SCN1B, SCN5A, NKX2-5, PKP2
membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential	3	505.6×	4e-07	SCN5A, CACNB2, TRPM4
cardiac muscle cell development	4	124.8×	6e-07	TTN, ACTN2, NKX2-5, MYH6
membrane repolarization during action potential	3	252.8×	4e-06	KCNE3, KCNJ2, KCNQ1
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	3	252.8×	4e-06	SCN5A, ANK2, KCNQ1
membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential	3	210.7×	6e-06	SCN1B, SCN5A, KCNJ2
regulation of membrane repolarization	3	194.4×	8e-06	AKAP9, KCNJ2, KCNQ1
adult heart development	3	180.6×	9e-06	NKX2-5, MYH6, MYH7
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction	3	168.5×	1e-05	SCN5A, ANK2, KCNJ2
muscle filament sliding	3	158.0×	1e-05	TTN, MYH6, MYH7
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport	3	158.0×	1e-05	SCN1B, SCN5A, SNTA1
regulation of the force of heart contraction	3	148.7×	1e-05	GAA, MYH6, MYH7
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	3	133.0×	2e-05	RYR2, NKX2-5, ANK2
muscle contraction	4	41.6×	3e-05	SNTA1, TTN, MYH6, MYH7
positive regulation of heart rate	3	105.3×	4e-05	RYR2, TRPM4, KCNQ1
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis	3	105.3×	4e-05	MYH6, MYH7, PKP2
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	2	561.7×	5e-05	RYR2, ANK2
membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	2	561.7×	5e-05	SCN5A, CACNB2
sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport	2	337.0×	1e-04	RYR2, ANK2
membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential	2	337.0×	1e-04	SCN5A, ANK2

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 8 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Amiodarone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Imipramine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mexiletine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Procainamide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Propafenone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Propranolol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Quinidine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sotalol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Celivarone, Epinephrine, Metoprolol.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 5 · Phase ≥3: 5 · Phased (≥1): 7 · Undrugged: 15

Druggability breadth: 13 of 22 evidence-associated genes (59%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
SCN5A	BEPRIDIL
CACNA2D1	PREGABALIN
CACNB2	NIMODIPINE
GAA	DIENESTROL
KCNQ1	AMBRISENTAN

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
GAA	112	4
SCN5A	108	4
KCNQ1	15	4
CACNA2D1	5	4
SCN1B	2	2
CACNB2	2	4
RYR2	1	2
SNTA1	0	0
TTN	0	0
ACTN2	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
BEPRIDIL	4	SCN5A
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	SCN5A
TELMISARTAN	4	SCN5A
CARBAMAZEPINE	4	SCN5A
DIBUCAINE	4	GAA, SCN5A
IMIPRAMINE	4	SCN5A
DROPERIDOL	4	SCN5A
PONATINIB	4	SCN5A
DULOXETINE	4	GAA, KCNQ1, SCN5A
PALONOSETRON	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
VILANTEROL	4	SCN5A
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	SCN5A
UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL	4	SCN5A
LURASIDONE	4	SCN5A
LETERMOVIR	4	SCN5A
SERTINDOLE	4	SCN5A
FEDRATINIB	4	SCN5A
QUINIDINE	4	SCN5A
DARUNAVIR	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
DARIFENACIN	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
BENZONATATE	4	SCN5A
TOLTERODINE	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
RANOLAZINE	4	SCN5A
PIMOZIDE	4	SCN5A
NIMODIPINE	4	CACNA2D1, CACNB2, SCN5A
FELODIPINE	4	SCN5A
NICARDIPINE	4	SCN5A
AMLODIPINE	4	SCN5A
PHENYTOIN	4	SCN5A
PALIPERIDONE	4	SCN5A

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
SCN5A	594	Binding:380, Functional:98, ADMET:72, Toxicity:43, Unclassified:1
GAA	280	Binding:267, Functional:13
KCNQ1	179	Binding:96, Functional:64, ADMET:14, Toxicity:5
CACNA2D1	47	Binding:45, ADMET:1, Toxicity:1
KCNJ2	31	Binding:23, ADMET:8
CACNB2	22	Binding:20, ADMET:1, Toxicity:1
RYR2	15	Binding:15
SCN1B	15	Binding:7, ADMET:6, Toxicity:2
TRPM4	14	Binding:13, Functional:1
DSP	2	Binding:2
TTN	1	Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
TTN	2.7.11.1	non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
GAA	3.2.1.20	alpha-glucosidase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
SCN5A	594
GAA	280
KCNQ1	179

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 20; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

28 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
BEPRIDIL	4	SCN5A
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	SCN5A
TELMISARTAN	4	SCN5A
CARBAMAZEPINE	4	SCN5A
DIBUCAINE	4	GAA, SCN5A
DROPERIDOL	4	SCN5A
PONATINIB	4	SCN5A
DULOXETINE	4	GAA, KCNQ1, SCN5A
PALONOSETRON	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
VILANTEROL	4	SCN5A
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	SCN5A
UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL	4	SCN5A
LURASIDONE	4	SCN5A
LETERMOVIR	4	SCN5A
SERTINDOLE	4	SCN5A
FEDRATINIB	4	SCN5A
DARUNAVIR	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
DARIFENACIN	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
BENZONATATE	4	SCN5A
TOLTERODINE	4	KCNQ1, SCN5A
RANOLAZINE	4	SCN5A
PIMOZIDE	4	SCN5A
NIMODIPINE	4	CACNA2D1, CACNB2, SCN5A
FELODIPINE	4	SCN5A
NICARDIPINE	4	SCN5A
AMLODIPINE	4	SCN5A
PHENYTOIN	4	SCN5A
PALIPERIDONE	4	SCN5A

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	5	SCN5A, CACNA2D1, CACNB2, GAA, KCNQ1
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	2	RYR2, SCN1B
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	4	TTN, TRPM4, KCNE3, KCNJ2
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	11	SNTA1, ACTN2, NKX2-5, DSP, AKAP9, TTN-AS1, ANK2, DSG2-AS1, MYH6, MYH7 (+1 more)

Undrugged target profiles

15 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
SNTA1	0	SCN5A
AKAP9	0	KCNQ1
KCNE3	0	KCNQ1
PKP2	0	SCN5A
TTN	1	—
ACTN2	0	—
TRPM4	14	—
NKX2-5	0	—
DSP	2	—
TTN-AS1	0	—
ANK2	0	—
DSG2-AS1	0	—
KCNJ2	31	—
MYH6	0	—
MYH7	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 139.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	111
PHASE3	13
PHASE4	8
PHASE2/PHASE3	3
PHASE2	3
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03826524	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Epinephrine Dose: Optimal Versus Standard Evaluation Trial
NCT00147277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ADVANCE-D: Antitachycardia Pacing (ATP) Delivery for Painless Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Therapy
NCT00147290	PHASE4	COMPLETED	ADVANCE CRT - D: Antitachycardia Pacing (ATP) Delivery for Painless Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Therapy
NCT00180427	PHASE4	COMPLETED	VERRARI - Are Ventricular Arrhythmic Episodes Reduced by Rate Response in ICDs?
NCT00401466	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Remote Follow-up of Patients Receiving Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Prophylactic Therapy
NCT00538356	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Influence of Home Monitoring on the Clinical Status of Heart Failure Patients With an Impaired Left Ventricular Function
NCT00787800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Dual Chamber ICD With Special Programmed Features to Lower the Risk of Inappropriate Shock
NCT03855826	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Nifekalant Hydrochloride (NIF) Injection.
NCT06281977	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Study Evaluating Dexmedetomidine in the Acute Treatment of Electrical Storm
NCT07174986	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Early Double Sequential Defibrillation in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
NCT00000464	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cardiac Arrest in Seattle: Conventional Versus Amiodarone Drug Evaluation (CASCADE)
NCT00000492	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT)
NCT00000502	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of SC-V Versus Conventional CPR
NCT00000518	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring (ESVEM)
NCT00000531	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID)
NCT00004559	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT)
NCT00004560	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Community Trial
NCT00139542	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AED Use in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A New Algorithm Named One Shock Per Minute
NCT00180336	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of RENEWAL 4 AVT
NCT00387803	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Defibrillation
NCT00429611	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	High Low Biphasic Energy Defibrillation (HiLoBED)
NCT01013714	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation for Prevention of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
NCT03715556	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Control Versus Liberal Cardiac Frequency in Patients in Sepse With Atrial Fibrillation of High Ventricular Response
NCT05078684	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	GANGlion Stellate Block for Treatment of Electric storRm (GANGSTER Trial)
NCT00004558	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids
NCT00232297	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Double Blind Placebo Controlled Dose Ranging Study of the Efficacy and Safety of SSR149744c 100 or 300 mg for the Prevention of ventrICular ARrhythmia-triggered Icd interventiOnS
NCT00401882	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Treatment of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Refractory To Shock With Beta Blockers: The SHOCK and BLOCK Trial
NCT00382928	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Automatic External Defibrillation Monitoring in Cardiac Arrest
NCT03360227	Not specified	RECRUITING	Registry of Device Implantation
NCT04576130	Not specified	RECRUITING	A Danish ICD-study in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Resuscitated from Ventricular Fibrillation
NCT05654272	Not specified	RECRUITING	Development of CIRC Technologies
NCT05720936	Not specified	RECRUITING	In-hospital Stellate Ganglion Block for Arrhythmic Storm
NCT05855135	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Assessment of Combined CCM and ICD Device in HFrEF
NCT06025123	Not specified	RECRUITING	Prehospital Resuscitation Intranasal Cooling Effectiveness Survival Study 2
NCT06071910	Not specified	RECRUITING	Emergency Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
NCT06269692	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	MAgnetic Resonance Imaging-guided implanTation of Cardioverter DEFibrillators
NCT06324682	Not specified	RECRUITING	ConTempoRary Cardiac Stimulation in Clinical practicE: lEft, BivEntriculAr, Right, and conDuction System Pacing
NCT06592001	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Assessment of a Chronically Implanted Parasternally Delivered EV-ICD Lead (ASCEND EV) Study
NCT06672159	Not specified	RECRUITING	Initial Double Sequential External Defibrillation in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
NCT06745778	Not specified	RECRUITING	Evolution of Intracardiac Electrograms Recorded by Left Bundle Branch Pacing Lead in Patients With ICD or CRT-D

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
AMIODARONE	4	12
IMIPRAMINE	4	4
PROPRANOLOL	4	3
SOTALOL	4	3
METOPROLOL	4	2
MEXILETINE	4	2
PROCAINAMIDE	4	2
QUINIDINE	4	2
EPINEPHRINE	4	1
PROPAFENONE	4	1
NIFEKALANT	3	2
AJMALINE	3	1
CELIVARONE	3	1
RACEPINEPHRINE	2	2
DEXPROPRANOLOL	2	1
CHEMBL4590731	0	1
CHEMBL454299	0	1
CHEMBL2105617	0	1
CHEMBL4780668	0	1

Cohort genes: RYR2, SCN1B, SCN5A, SNTA1, TTN, CACNA2D1, CACNB2, ACTN2, TRPM4, NKX2-5, DSP, AKAP9, GAA, TTN-AS1, ANK2, DSG2-AS1, KCNE3, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, MYH6, MYH7, PKP2
Drugs: Amiodarone, Imipramine, Propranolol, Sotalol, Metoprolol, Mexiletine, Procainamide, Quinidine, Epinephrine, Propafenone, Nifekalant, Ajmaline, Celivarone