Viral infectious disease
disease diseaseOn this page
Also known as infection, viralinfections, Virusesviral diseaseviral disorderviral infectionViruses caused disease or disorderViruses disease or disorderViruses infectionViruses infectious disease
Summary
Viral infectious disease (MONDO:0005108) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 41 Mondo subtypes) with 19 GWAS associations across 39 studies and 132 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include theophylline anhydrous, anakinra, and baloxavir marboxil. A subtype of infectious disease — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 41 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 19
- Clinical trials: 132
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | viral infectious disease |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0005108 |
| EFO | EFO:0000763 |
| MeSH | D014777 |
| DOID | DOID:934 |
| NCIT | C3439 |
| SNOMED CT | 34014006 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: infection, viral · infections, Viruses · viral disease · viral disorder · viral infection · Viruses caused disease or disorder · Viruses disease or disorder · Viruses infection · Viruses infectious disease
Data availability: 19 GWAS associations (39 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of infectious disease. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious disease › viral infectious disease
Related subtypes (34): infective endocarditis, hirudiniasis, fungal infectious disease, infectious peritonitis, epididymitis, bacterial infectious disease, parasitic infectious disease, abscess, Ciliophora infectious disease, hookworm infectious disease, infectious embryofetopathy, mycetoma, infectious disorder of the nervous system, ear infection, sexually transmitted disease, puerperal infection, Acanthamoeba infectious disease, infectious myositis, infective vaginitis, skin disorder caused by infection, respiratory tract infectious disorder, nail infection, infective arthritis, digestive system infectious disorder, nosocomial infection, eye infectious disorder, prosthesis-related infectious disease, vector-borne disease, coinfection, urinary tract infection, hemorrhagic fever, protothecosis, pythiosis, infectious disease with sepsis
Subtypes (41): Whitewater Arroyo hemorrhagic fever, exanthema subitum, Zika virus congenital syndrome, common wart, viral labyrinthitis, viral gastritis, vaccinia, viral esophagitis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, contagious pustular dermatitis, epidemic pleurodynia, herpangina, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infectious disease, lumpy skin disease, milker’s nodule, molluscum contagiosum, Newcastle disease, pharyngoconjunctival fever, pseudorabies, Reoviridae infectious disease, immunodeficiency 32B, focal epithelial hyperplasia, neurolymphomatosis, viral myositis, virus-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa, infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1, congenital varicella syndrome, viral hemorrhagic fever, arbovirus fever, human infection by orthopoxvirus, congenital Epstein-Barr virus infection, rabies, arbovirus infection, viral eye infection, viral infection of central nervous system, viral respiratory tract infection, Parvoviridae infectious disease, COVID-19–associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, primary viral infectious disease, disease arising from reactivation of latent virus, human betaherpesvirus 5 infectious disease
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
19 GWAS associations across 39 studies. Top hits map to 0 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:48703160 | 4e-21 | G | 0.09 | |
| chr3:45820440 | 2e-18 | A | 0.34 | |
| chr6:31306975 | 8e-18 | G | 0.05 | |
| chr4:117427452 | 4e-10 | C | 1.12 | |
| chr2:74734607 | 1e-09 | G | 2.15 | |
| chrX:138551877 | 3e-09 | G | 2.41 | |
| chr2:173889124 | 5e-09 | A | 3.48 | |
| rs568156598 | 7e-09 | RN7SKP129 - ARF1P1 | G | 3.75 |
| chr6:63806835 | 1e-08 | A | 2.64 | |
| chr10:86746585 | 1e-08 | T | 2.67 | |
| chr16:32933112 | 1e-08 | C | 3.71 | |
| chr13:59758899 | 2e-08 | T | 1.51 | |
| chr12:57681783 | 2e-08 | A | 2.07 | |
| chr2:87758946 | 2e-08 | T | 1.27 | |
| chr9:126237333 | 2e-08 | A | 1.92 | |
| chr15:46594999 | 2e-08 | G | 2.58 | |
| chr3:155527909 | 3e-08 | A | 2.8 | |
| chr2:215969079 | 4e-08 | A | 3.48 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90473044 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 59,275 | 399,165 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667793 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 59,275 | 399,165 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473065 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 24,910 | 433,530 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667938 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 24,910 | 433,530 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473072 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 11,162 | 447,278 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667773 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 11,162 | 447,278 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90477067 | Verma A | 2024 | 5,781 | 423,719 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90079552 | Backman JD | 2021 | 4,826 | 371,590 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90083538 | Backman JD | 2021 | 4,826 | 371,590 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473106 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 4,357 | 454,083 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 18 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 0 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 18 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 17 |
| intergenic_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:48703160 | 4e-21 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr3:45820440 | 2e-18 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:31306975 | 8e-18 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:117427452 | 4e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:74734607 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chrX:138551877 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:173889124 | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs568156598 | 7 | 94823918 | A>G | intergenic_variant | RN7SKP129 - ARF1P1 | 7e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| chr6:63806835 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr10:86746585 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr16:32933112 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr13:59758899 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr12:57681783 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:87758946 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr9:126237333 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr15:46594999 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr3:155527909 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:215969079 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease
61 approved drugs — disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Status |
|---|---|
| Acyclovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Adefovir Dipivoxil | Approved (phase 4) |
| Amprenavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Asunaprevir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Atazanavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Baloxavir Marboxil | Approved (phase 4) |
| Boceprevir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Brincidofovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Bulevirtide | Approved (phase 4) |
| Cabotegravir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Daclatasvir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Darunavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Dasabuvir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Delavirdine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Didanosine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Docosanol | Approved (phase 4) |
| Doravirine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Efavirenz | Approved (phase 4) |
| Elbasvir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Elvitegravir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Emtricitabine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Enfuvirtide | Approved (phase 4) |
| Etravirine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Famciclovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Fosamprenavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Foscarnet | Approved (phase 4) |
| Fostemsavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ganciclovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ibalizumab | Approved (phase 4) |
| Idoxuridine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Imiquimod | Approved (phase 4) |
| Lamivudine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Lenacapavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Letermovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Maraviroc | Approved (phase 4) |
| Maribavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Nevirapine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Penciclovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Peramivir Anhydrous | Approved (phase 4) |
| Podofilox | Approved (phase 4) |
| Remdesivir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ribavirin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Rilpivirine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Rimantadine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ritonavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Saquinavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Sinecatechins | Approved (phase 4) |
| Sofosbuvir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Stavudine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Tecovirimat | Approved (phase 4) |
| Telaprevir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Telbivudine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Tenofovir Alafenamide | Approved (phase 4) |
| Tenofovir Disoproxil | Approved (phase 4) |
| Tipranavir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Valacyclovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Valganciclovir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Vidarabine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Zalcitabine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Zanamivir | Approved (phase 4) |
| Zidovudine | Approved (phase 4) |
26 drugs in clinical trials for this disease (phase 2–3, investigational): efficacy not established — a trial record, not an indication.
| Drug | Highest phase |
|---|---|
| Abacavir | Phase 3 |
| Albuvirtide | Phase 3 |
| Amenamevir | Phase 3 |
| Clevudine | Phase 3 |
| Dolutegravir | Phase 3 |
| Ensitrelvir | Phase 3 |
| Faldaprevir | Phase 3 |
| Favipiravir | Phase 3 |
| Inosine | Phase 3 |
| Molnupiravir | Phase 3 |
| Narlaprevir | Phase 3 |
| Nelfinavir | Phase 3 |
| Oseltamivir | Phase 3 |
| Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated | Phase 3 |
| Raltegravir | Phase 3 |
| Simeprevir | Phase 3 |
| Umifenovir | Phase 3 |
| Anakinra | Phase 2 |
| Ascorbic Acid | Phase 2 |
| Azithromycin | Phase 2 |
| Epigalocatechin Gallate | Phase 2 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | Phase 2 |
| Rituximab | Phase 2 |
| Sodium Chloride | Phase 2 |
| Tocilizumab | Phase 2 |
| Zinc Ion | Phase 2 |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 132.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 89 |
| PHASE2 | 12 |
| PHASE1 | 10 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 7 |
| PHASE3 | 6 |
| PHASE4 | 4 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 4 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01037712 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | In UTERO Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Congenital Infection With Valacyclovir |
| NCT01883180 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | ATG in Haploidentical HSCT for Acute Graft-versus-host Disease Prophylaxis |
| NCT05711810 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Medicine-induced Cardiac Hemodialysis on COVID-19 |
| NCT06161454 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Xofluza-Wearables Feasibility-Study |
| NCT03818334 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide in Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancies |
| NCT01520051 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Mepolizumab Treatment for Rhinovirus-induced Asthma Exacerbations |
| NCT03189537 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Post-Exposure Ingavirin® Prophylaxis of Influenza and Acute Respiratory Viral Infections |
| NCT03191097 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Study of Ingavirin® to Treat Influenza and Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Children 7-12 y.o. |
| NCT03206346 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Study of Ingavirin® to Treat Influenza and Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Patients 13-17 y.o. |
| NCT03336086 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effect of Weight Reduction on Immunity |
| NCT04336748 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | HCQ for Primary Prophylaxis Against COVID19 in Health-care Workers |
| NCT04643678 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Anakinra in the Management of COVID-19 Infection |
| NCT04684550 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Use of Hypochlorous Acid as Prophylaxis in Health Personnel at High Risk of Infection by SARS-CoV 2 (COVID19) |
| NCT04705753 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Assessment of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Herbal Extract (Cretan IAMA) in Patients With Viral Respiratory Infections, Including COVID-19, in Primary Healthcare Settings, and Co-assessment of Its Prophylactic Effect in People Cohabiting With These Patients |
| NCT02048332 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Donor-Derived Viral Specific T-cells (VSTs) |
| NCT02532452 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Third Party Viral Specific T-cells (VSTs) |
| NCT03594981 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Adoptive Cord Blood Immunotherapy for EBV, CMV, BKV and Adenovirus Reactivation/Infection or Prophylaxis |
| NCT04197596 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Treatment of Refractory BK Infections With Related Donor BK Specific Cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) |
| NCT04230356 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Trial of Scheduled Versus Treatment Administration of Donor-Derived Viral Specific T-cells for Viral Infections After Stem Cell Transplant |
| NCT04331275 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Viral Specific T-cells for Treatment of Viral Infections After Solid Organ Transplant |
| NCT01570283 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | ARMS - Rapidly Generated Multivirus-Specific CTLs for Prophylaxis & Treatment of EBV, CMV, Adenovirus, HHV6 & BK Virus |
| NCT03883906 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Donor-Derived Viral Specific T-cells (VSTs) for Prophylaxis Against Viral Infections After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant |
| NCT03990766 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Smell Changes & Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline |
| NCT04267809 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Modulate Cellular Stress in the Immune Cells to Reduce Rate of Symptomatic Viral Infection |
| NCT04322396 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Proactive Protection With Azithromycin and hydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 |
| NCT04354155 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | COVID-19 Anticoagulation in Children - Thromboprophlaxis (COVAC-TP) Trial |
| NCT04377451 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Metformin in Dengue With Obesity |
| NCT04380701 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Trial Investigating the Safety and Effects of Four BNT162 Vaccines Against COVID-19 in Healthy and Immunocompromised Adults |
| NCT04406064 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Viral Specific T-cells for Treatment of COVID-19 |
| NCT05069623 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Phase 1/2 Study to Determine Safety and Immunogenicity of Two COVID 19 Vaccines VB10.2129 (RBD Candidate) and VB10.2210 (T Cell Candidate) Previously Vaccinated in Healthy Adult Volunteers |
| NCT05568953 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | An Experimental Medicine Decipher of a Minimum Correlate of Cellular Immunity |
| NCT05874713 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of Different Priming and Booster Regimens With Adjuvanted H5N8 and/or H5N6 Influenza Vaccine in Adults |
| NCT06149494 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | RCT of Vapendavir in Patients With COPD and Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus Upper Respiratory Infection |
| NCT03180216 | PHASE1 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | T-Lymphocytes for Prevention or Treatment of Viral Infections Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| NCT04013802 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | TETRAVI Multivirus CTL for Treatment of EBV, CMV, Adenovirus, and BK Infections Post Allogeneic SCT. |
| NCT04691622 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Adoptive T Lymphocyte Administration for Chronic Norovirus Treatment in Immunocompromised Hosts |
| NCT07215871 | PHASE1 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Rechallenge With a Low Pathogenicity Avian H10N7 Influenza Virus in Healthy Human Volunteers Previously Challenged With H10N7 Influenza |
| NCT02061358 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Study to Determine the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of UV-4B Solution Administered Orally in Healthy Subjects |
| NCT02456610 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Administration of Virus Specific CTLs for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of EBV/CMV Infections After HSCT in China |
| NCT02696291 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Safety and Pharmacokinetics of UV-4B Solution Administered Orally as Multiple Ascending Doses to Healthy Subjects |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| THEOPHYLLINE ANHYDROUS | 4 | 3 |
| ANAKINRA | 4 | 1 |
| BALOXAVIR MARBOXIL | 4 | 1 |
| GANCICLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE | 4 | 1 |
| JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, INACTIVATED | 4 | 1 |
| MEPOLIZUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| METFORMIN | 4 | 1 |
| METOPROLOL SUCCINATE | 4 | 1 |
| NIFEDIPINE | 4 | 1 |
| ORGOTEIN | 4 | 1 |
| TOZINAMERAN | 4 | 1 |
| VALACYCLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| VITAMIN E | 4 | 1 |
| INGAVIRIN | 3 | 2 |
| LUFOTRELVIR | 3 | 1 |
| MOLNUPIRAVIR | 3 | 1 |
| OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS | 3 | 1 |
| UBIDECARENONE | 3 | 1 |
| YELLOW FEVER VACCINE | 3 | 1 |
| ABDAVOMERAN | 2 | 1 |
| RESIQUIMOD | 2 | 1 |
| THYMOL | 2 | 1 |
| VAPENDAVIR | 2 | 1 |
| XANTHOHUMOL | 2 | 1 |
| BNT-162A1 | 1 | 1 |
| PIDACMERAN | 1 | 1 |
| CHEMBL5220618 | 0 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Drugs: Theophylline, Anakinra, Baloxavir Marboxil, Ganciclovir, Hydroxychloroquine, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Inactivated, Mepolizumab, Metformin, Metoprolol, Nifedipine, Orgotein, Tozinameran, Valacyclovir, Vitamin E, Ingavirin, Lufotrelvir, Molnupiravir, OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS, Ubidecarenone, Yellow Fever Vaccine