Viral pneumonia
diseaseOn this page
Also known as Viruses caused pneumoniaViruses pneumonia
Summary
Viral pneumonia (MONDO:0006012) is a disease with 17 GWAS associations across 13 studies and 25 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cyproheptadine, acyclovir, and ganciclovir. A subtype of pneumonia — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 17
- Clinical trials: 25
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | viral pneumonia |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0006012 |
| EFO | EFO:0007541 |
| MeSH | D011024 |
| DOID | DOID:10533 |
| ICD-11 | 1024154490 |
| SNOMED CT | 75570004 |
| UMLS | C0032310 |
| MedGen | 45974 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: Viruses caused pneumonia · Viruses pneumonia
Data availability: 17 GWAS associations (13 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of pneumonia. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › respiratory system disorder › respiratory tract infectious disorder › pneumonia › viral pneumonia
Related subtypes (10): pleuropneumonia, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, contagious pleuropneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, recurrent pneumonia, pneumocystosis, acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, bronchiolocentric pattern of interstitial pneumonia
Subtypes (1): cytomegalovirus pneumonia
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
17 GWAS associations across 13 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr9:5073770 | 6e-18 | T | 0.99 | |
| rs536626149 | 3e-13 | RNA5SP189 - LINC01950 | T | 3.03 |
| rs577544817 | 5e-12 | OR52L2P - OR52X1P | G | 3.75 |
| rs193077014 | 3e-11 | CIMIP1 - ANKRD60 | C | 3.08 |
| rs549039835 | 4e-11 | CARS1 - OSBPL5 | A | 1.97 |
| chr17:76736877 | 9e-10 | T | 1.38 | |
| chr10:94007273 | 3e-09 | A | 2.31 | |
| chr6:32625815 | 4e-09 | C | 0.05 | |
| rs376768393 | 9e-09 | LINC01487 | C | 3.85 |
| chr17:44120711 | 1e-08 | T | 1.45 | |
| chr2:197402110 | 1e-08 | C | 1.52 | |
| chr1:77984833 | 2e-08 | A | 0.06 | |
| chr2:98157702 | 2e-08 | A | 2.24 | |
| chr4:140803570 | 3e-08 | GT | 0.04 | |
| chr5:98967268 | 3e-08 | C | 0.35 | |
| chr7:956440 | 5e-08 | CTTTTTTTT | 0.69 | |
| rs146502639 | 2e-07 | NXPH1 - GAPDHP68 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90473653 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 49,930 | 408,510 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667871 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 49,930 | 408,510 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473658 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 3,261 | 455,179 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90473654 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 1,168 | 8,445 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90478122 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,002 | 447,895 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90473651 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 842 | 8,373 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90726945 | Kim HI | 2026 | 663 | 43,363 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity. |
| GCST90480242 | Verma A | 2024 | 483 | 120,609 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90482073 | Verma A | 2024 | 483 | 120,609 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90103961 | Tangden T | 2022 | 479 | 337,005 | A genome-wide association study in a large community-based cohort identifies multiple loci associated with susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 17 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 0 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 5 |
| unknown | 12 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 11 |
| intergenic_variant | 3 |
| intron_variant | 2 |
| non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr9:5073770 | 6e-18 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs536626149 | 5 | 106416665 | T>A,C | 0 | non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | RNA5SP189 - LINC01950 | 3e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs577544817 | 11 | 6065966 | G>A | 0 | intron_variant | OR52L2P - OR52X1P | 5e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs193077014 | 20 | 58215225 | C>A,T | 0 | intergenic_variant | CIMIP1 - ANKRD60 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs549039835 | 11 | 3080165 | A>T | 0.002 | intergenic_variant | CARS1 - OSBPL5 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr17:76736877 | 9e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr10:94007273 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:32625815 | 4e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs376768393 | 3 | 155251762 | T>C | 0.006 | intron_variant | LINC01487 | 9e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr17:44120711 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:197402110 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr1:77984833 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:98157702 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:140803570 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr5:98967268 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr7:956440 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs146502639 | 7 | 8944670 | A>G | intergenic_variant | NXPH1 - GAPDHP68 | 2e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
0 approved, 7 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Azithromycin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Dexamethasone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Hydrocortisone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Ravulizumab | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Reparixin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Sodium Chloride | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Colchicine, Fondaparinux, Ibudilast, Mefloquine, Nitric Oxide, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Prednisone, Tirofiban, Tocilizumab.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 25.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 13 |
| PHASE3 | 4 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02152358 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PTH - Preemptive Treatment for Herpesviridae |
| NCT01868113 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Inhaled Corticosteroids in U-5 Children With Acute Respiratory Infection in Uganda: A Randomised Trial |
| NCT04345289 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Efficacy and Safety of Novel Treatment Options for Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia |
| NCT04820751 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Cyproheptadine in Severe COVID-19 : A Unblinded Randomized Trial |
| NCT05531149 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Efficacy and Safety of Trimodulin (BT588) in Subjects With CAP Including COVID-19 Pneumonia |
| NCT06999603 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Phase 2 Study of Inhaled SNG001 in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Respiratory Viral Infection |
| NCT04380376 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Low-doses Melphalan Inhalation in Patients With COVID-19 (CoronavIrus Disease 2019) Pneumonia |
| NCT04397497 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Mavrilimumab in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia and Hyper-inflammation (COMBAT-19) |
| NCT04876573 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Pilot Study for Cyproheptadine in Hospitalized Patient for COVID-19 |
| NCT05286255 | PHASE1 | WITHDRAWN | Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for COVID-19 and Viral Pneumonias |
| NCT04326036 | EARLY_PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Use of cSVF Via IV Deployment for Residual Lung Damage After Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection |
| NCT04955223 | EARLY_PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Yinhu Qingwen Granule in the Treatment of Viral Pneumonia |
| NCT06720818 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cell During Viral Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| NCT07238114 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Liver Cirrhosis Patients With Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: in Depth Understanding Clinical Host Risk Factors |
| NCT07386912 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Investigation of the Effects of Oxidized Antigens on the T-Cell Response and the Epigenetic Reprogramming of Neutrophils in Lung Diseases - OXIGENE - |
| NCT00645619 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Use of TREM-1 Protein to Differentiate Viral and Bacterial Pneumonias in Intubated Children |
| NCT01612572 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Registry Study on Xiyanping(a Chinese Medicine Injection) Used in Fifty Hospitals |
| NCT04385823 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Use of High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen and Covid-19 Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure |
| NCT04394026 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Imaging Feature of SARS-CoV2 Infection |
| NCT04606407 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Inhaled NO for the Treatment of Viral Pneumonia in Adults |
| NCT04644302 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Circulatory Coherence in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients With Sepsis |
| NCT04952337 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Clinical, Molecular and Functional Biomarkers for PROgnosis, Pathomechanisms and Treatment Strategies of COVID-19 (PROVID) - (PROVID-CAPNETZ) |
| NCT05386459 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study of the Use of the Drug Ingaron in Patients With COVID-19 |
| NCT05612893 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Discover the Immune Signature of Sepsis Caused by Acute Pulmonary Infection: A Cohort Study |
| NCT06349707 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Multiplex PCR for Severe Respiratory Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| CYPROHEPTADINE | 4 | 2 |
| ACYCLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| GANCICLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| INTERFERON BETA-1A | 4 | 1 |
| INTERFERON GAMMA-1B | 4 | 1 |
| MELPHALAN | 4 | 1 |
| MAVRILIMUMAB | 2 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4588113 | 0 | 2 |