Yolk sac tumor

Summary

Yolk sac tumor (MONDO:0005744) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 7 Mondo subtypes) and 11 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include etoposide phosphate and ifosfamide. A subtype of extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Prevalence: Unknown (Worldwide) [Orphanet-validated]
• Umbrella term: 7 Mondo subtypes
• Clinical trials: 11

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	yolk sac tumor
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005744
EFO	EFO:0007252
Orphanet	876
DOID	DOID:1911
NCIT	C3011
SNOMED CT	404081005
UMLS	C0014145
MedGen	41782
GARD	0000348
MedDRA	10048251
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: endodermal sinus neoplasm · endodermal sinus tumor · hepatoid yolk sac tumor · infantile embryonal carcinoma · yolk Sac neoplasm · yolk Sac tumor · yolk sac tumor · yolk Sac tumor site unspecified · yolk SAC tumor, malignant · yolk Sac tumour site unspecified

Data availability: 10 cell lines.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 7 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › cancer › malignant germ cell tumor › extragonadal germ cell cancer › extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor › yolk sac tumor

Related subtypes (9): pineal region immature teratoma, immature gastric teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, gastric choriocarcinoma, polyembryoma, choriocarcinoma of the central nervous system, gestational choriocarcinoma, malignant teratoma of mediastinum, immature extragonadal teratoma

Subtypes (7): vaginal yolk sac tumor, childhood endodermal sinus tumor, testicular yolk sac tumor, adult yolk sac tumor, ovarian yolk sac tumor, yolk sac tumor of central nervous system, mediastinal yolk sac tumor

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 11.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE1	6
PHASE2	2
PHASE3	1
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
Not specified	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02375204	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Standard-Dose Combination Chemotherapy or High-Dose Combination Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Germ Cell Tumors
NCT06341998	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Study of Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Recurrent/Refractory Yolk Sac Tumor in Children
NCT06638931	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Agnostic Therapy in Rare Solid Tumors
NCT06470464	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Thalidomide Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Yolk Sac Tumor
NCT04377932	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Interleukin-15 Armored Glypican 3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in T Cells for Pediatric Solid Tumors
NCT04715191	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Interleukin-15 and -21 Armored Glypican-3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in T Cells for Pediatric Solid Tumors
NCT05103631	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Interleukin-15 Armored Glypican 3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressed in Autologous T Cells for Solid Tumors
NCT06198296	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Immunotherapy For Adults With GPC3-Positive Solid Tumors Using IL-15 and IL-21 Armored GPC3-CAR T Cells
NCT07148050	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Immunotherapy for Solid Tumor Malignancies in Pediatrics Using Interleukin-15 and -21 Armored Glypican-3-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
NCT07224568	PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Cytokine Armored GPC3 Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressing T-cells in Adults With Solid Tumors
NCT05564026	Not specified	RECRUITING	Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE	4	1
IFOSFAMIDE	4	1