Acetylcarnitine
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Also known as Acetyl carnitine hclAcetyl-l-carnitineAcetylcarnitine hydrochloridel-BranigenLevacecarnine hydrochlorideNicetileNormobrenNSC-747431Oristar accOristar achST-200ZibrenSID11113462
Summary
Acetylcarnitine (CHEMBL1697733) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small molecule (ATC N06BX12); indicated across 13 conditions including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and non-small cell lung carcinoma.
At a glance
- Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: N06BX12
- Indications: 13 conditions
- Clinical trials: 23
- Chemistry: 203.24 Da · C9H17NO4
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1697733 |
| Name | Acetylcarnitine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 7045767 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:57589 |
| ATC | N06BX12 |
| Molecular formula | C9H17NO4 |
| Molecular weight | 203.24 |
| InChIKey | RDHQFKQIGNGIED-MRVPVSSYSA-N |
SMILES: CC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C
IUPAC name: (3R)-3-acetyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
ChEBI definition: An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite.
Also known as: Acetyl carnitine hcl, Acetyl-l-carnitine, Acetylcarnitine, Acetylcarnitine hydrochloride, l-, Branigen, Levacecarnine hydrochloride, Nicetile, Normobren, NSC-747431, Oristar acc, Oristar ach
Patent coverage: 2,194 distinct patent families (5,356 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 3 (assay-derived). Sample: Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL, Histamine H1 receptor, Cytochrome P450 1A2.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 1 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 3 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRH1 | 5.28 | AC50 | 5200 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25212822 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
13 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder | 4 | MONDO:0007743 | EFO:0003888 |
| non-small cell lung carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005233 | EFO:0003060 |
| sleep disorder | 3 | MONDO:0100081 | EFO:0008568 |
| peripheral nervous system disorder | 2 | MONDO:0003620 | EFO:0004149 |
| polycystic ovary syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0008487 | EFO:0000660 |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | 2 | MONDO:0005148 | MONDO:0005148 |
| infertility disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005047 | EFO:0000545 |
| peripheral neuropathy | 2 | MONDO:0005244 | EFO:0003100 |
| bipolar disorder | 2 | MONDO:0004985 | MONDO:0004985 |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 2 | MONDO:0004976 | MONDO:0004976 |
| toxic shock syndrome | 1 | MONDO:0001881 | EFO:0006834 |
| alcohol abuse | 1 | MONDO:0002046 | MONDO:0007079 |
1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 23.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE3 | 7 |
| Not specified | 5 |
| PHASE4 | 4 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01695317 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine in Migraine |
| NCT01913964 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation During HCV Therapy With Pegylated Interferon-α2b Plus Ribavirin |
| NCT02955706 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Assessment the Efficacy of Acetyl-L-carnitine in Patient With Alzheimer’s Disease |
| NCT04346862 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation the Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Accompanied With Chronic Cerebrovascular Disease |
| NCT06126315 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Trial on the Biological and Clinical Effects of Acetyl-L-carnitine in ALS |
| NCT00775645 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | S0715: Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Preventing Neuropathy in Women With Stage I, II, or IIIA Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemo |
| NCT00984750 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Type 2 Diabetes |
| NCT01379976 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Acetyl-L-carnitine in Combination With a Cisplatin-containing Chemotherapy as First Line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| NCT01492920 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer, or Fallopian Tube Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy |
| NCT01526564 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Clinical Study on Acetyl-L-Carnitine |
| NCT01909557 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation During HCV Therapy With Peg IFN-α2b Plus Ribavirin: Effect on Work Performance. |
| NCT02141035 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Acetyl-l-carnitine to Enhance Nerve Regeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| NCT02173132 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Reduces Perceived Work Stress and Improves Work Ability and Work Performance in Hepatic Encephalopathy |
| NCT00592488 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Septic Shock |
| NCT01054768 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Antioxidant Therapy to Reduce Inflammation in Sickle Cell Disease |
| NCT02598622 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Pilot Study Investigating the Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy in Pediatric Patients With ALL |
| NCT05601479 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Preventive Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine on Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy |
| NCT05616000 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Acetyl- L- Carnitine& Folic Acid Versus Coenzyme Q10& Folic Acid on Semen& Hormonal Parameters& Semen Oxidative Status in Patients of Primary Infertility. A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial |
| NCT00050271 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine for the Treatment of NRTI-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy |
| NCT01223729 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Reduces Depression and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy |
| NCT01223742 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Oral Acetyl-L-Carnitine Therapy Reduces Fatigue In Hepatic Encephalopathy |
| NCT01223768 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Acetyl-L-Carnitine In Severe Hepatic Encephalopathy |
| NCT01921868 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | An Open-label Study of the Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Friedreich’s Ataxia |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).