Amiodarone

Summary

Amiodarone (CHEMBL633) is an approved small-molecule cardiovascular drug (ATC C01BD01) targeting CHRM5, KCNA7, and SCN5A; indicated across 18 conditions including atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathy.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: C01BD01
• Targets: 3 (CHRM5, KCNA7, SCN5A)
• Indications: 18 conditions
• Clinical trials: 85
• Chemistry: 645.3 Da · C25H29I2NO3

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL633
Name	Amiodarone
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	2157
ChEBI	CHEBI:2663
ATC	C01BD01
Molecular formula	C25H29I2NO3
Molecular weight	645.3
InChIKey	IYIKLHRQXLHMJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: CCCCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2O1)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)I)OCCN(CC)CC)I

IUPAC name: (2-butyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]methanone

ChEBI definition: A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): cardiovascular drug.

Also known as: Amiodarona, Amiodarone, amiodarone, SID11110784, SID11110785, SID26751596, SID26751597, SID90341282, SID104171110, SID50100172, SID124879287, SID144203634

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1083993

Patent coverage: 8,094 distinct patent families (29,704 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 3 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 29,399 (99%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
CHRM5	M5 receptor	Positive	7.25	0%	P08912
KCNA7	Kv1.7		4.5	0.5%	Q96RP8
SCN5A	Nav1.5	Pore blocker	5.7	0.2%	Q14524

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 86 (assay-derived). Sample: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, Survival motor neuron protein, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, Thrombopoietin, Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A4, Vasopressin V2 receptor, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 101 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 170 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
SIGMAR1	9	Ki	1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1483631
CYP2C9	8.1	Potency	7.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5029393
CYP2C9	8.1	AC50	7.94	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_6006393
EBP	7.6	Ki	25	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1483630
KCNH2	7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15257949
SIGMAR1	7.39	Ki	41	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634964
P32352	7.21	Ki	62	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1483632
CYP2C9	7.2	Potency	63.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5061496
CYP2C9	7.2	AC50	63.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5991682
SIGMAR1	7.01	IC50	97	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634963
ADRA2A	6.93	Ki	117	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7632307
ADRA1A	6.77	AC50	168.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25137635
HTR2C	6.67	Ki	212	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634954
CACNA1F	6.57	IC50	270	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15257921
ADRA2A	6.51	IC50	312	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7632306
DRD3	6.39	Ki	410	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7633601
HTR2C	6.39	IC50	404	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634953
CHRM4	6.3	Ki	506	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7633665
KCNH2	6.27	AC50	540.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25117104
HTR2B	6.23	Ki	587	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634952
THRB	6.22	IC50	600	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1013715
CHRM1	6.2	Ki	629	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7633659
THRA	6.19	IC50	650	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1013714
CHRM3	6.17	Ki	679	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7633663
Q9F4F7	6.15	Potency	707.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4376176
FYN	6.09	IC50	817	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7633726
HTR2B	6.04	IC50	923	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634951
KCNH2	6	IC50	1000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5218939
HTR2A	5.99	Ki	1026	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7634950
CHRM5	5.97	Ki	1077	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7633667

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): CHRM5, KCNA7, SCN5A.

Top Reactome pathways

19 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Neuronal System	1	KCNA7
Developmental Biology	1	SCN5A
Potassium Channels	1	KCNA7
Voltage gated Potassium channels	1	KCNA7
Signal Transduction	1	CHRM5
Signaling by GPCR	1	CHRM5
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	1	CHRM5
L1CAM interactions	1	SCN5A
Amine ligand-binding receptors	1	CHRM5
GPCR downstream signalling	1	CHRM5
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors	1	CHRM5
Muscle contraction	1	SCN5A
G alpha (q) signalling events	1	CHRM5
Axon guidance	1	SCN5A
Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins	1	SCN5A
GPCR ligand binding	1	CHRM5
Cardiac conduction	1	SCN5A
Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation	1	SCN5A
Nervous system development	1	SCN5A

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
monoatomic ion transport	2
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	2
transmembrane transport	2
gastric acid secretion	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	1
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	1
chemical synaptic transmission	1
obsolete dopamine transport	1
transmission of nerve impulse	1
regulation of phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation	1
signal transduction	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	1
action potential	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

18 indications (2 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
atrial fibrillation	3	MONDO:0004981	EFO:0000275
cardiomyopathy	3	MONDO:0004994	EFO:0000318
congestive heart failure	3	MONDO:0005009	EFO:0000373
heart failure	3	MONDO:0005252	EFO:0003144
atrial flutter	3	MONDO:0005310	EFO:0003911
ventricular fibrillation	3	MONDO:0000190	EFO:0004287
ventricular tachycardia	3	MONDO:0005477	EFO:0005306
myocardial infarction	3	MONDO:0005068	EFO:0000612
cardiac arrest	3	MONDO:0000745	EFO:0009492
heart disorder	3	MONDO:0005267	EFO:0003777
Ebola hemorrhagic fever	2	MONDO:0005737	EFO:0007243
severe acute respiratory syndrome	2	MONDO:0005091	MONDO:0100096
hereditary amyloidosis	2	MONDO:0018634	MONDO:0019438
coronary artery disorder	0	MONDO:0005010	EFO:0001645

4 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 85.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	29
PHASE4	24
Not specified	23
PHASE2	5
PHASE2/PHASE3	3
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03868150	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Prevention of Postop Atrial Fibrillation Through Intraoperative Inducibility of Atrial Fibrillation and Amiodarone Treatment
NCT07273994	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Evaluation of Two Different Regimens of the Antiarrhythmic Drug Amiodarone to Maintain Normal Sinus Rhythm After Electrical Cardioversion in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
NCT00127712	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Following Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery
NCT00287209	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation Study in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. (RASCABG 1 Study)
NCT00420017	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Following Esophagectomy
NCT00724581	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Amiodarone Prophylaxis for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Lung Cancer
NCT00729911	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Ablation vs Amiodarone for Treatment of AFib in Patients With CHF and an ICD
NCT00784316	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intravenous Metoprolol Versus Intravenous Amiodarone in the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
NCT01181414	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Spanish Atrial Fibrillation And Resynchronization Study
NCT01341353	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation in China
NCT01461733	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atrial Fibrillation Without Hemodynamic Instability in the Intensive Care Unit
NCT01627106	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	A Study Comparing Vernakalant Therapy to Amiodarone Therapy in Acute Management of Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (MK-6621-055)
NCT01850277	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cardiac Resynchronization in Atrial Fibrillation Trial - a Pilot Study
NCT02145546	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Antiarrhythmic Drugs Assessment in Preventing Atrial Fibrillation
NCT02341105	PHASE4	TERMINATED	AMIOdarone vs. Catheter Ablation for Prevention of Recurrent Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation
NCT02668432	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Use of Amiodarone in Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock
NCT03029169	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Propafenone Versus Amiodarone in Septic Shock
NCT03855826	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Nifekalant Hydrochloride (NIF) Injection.
NCT04092621	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Rapid Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Strategy
NCT04223739	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Two Strategies for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
NCT04234906	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Prevention of Post-Operative Cardiac Arrhythmias
NCT05004077	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Repeated Amiodarone Dosing In Cardiac surgicaL Procedures
NCT05543278	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Pragmatic Amiodarone Trial to Reduce Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
NCT06262932	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Repeated Amiodarone Dosing Regimen Versus Standard Dosing Regimen in Atrial Fibrillation Patient With Rapid Ventricular Response
NCT02750319	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Amiodarone and N-Acetylcysteine or Amiodarone Alone for Preventing Atrial Fibrillation After Thoracic Surgery
NCT04748991	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Vernakalant Versus Amiodarone for Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery Patients
NCT05169866	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Nifekalant Versus Amiodarone in New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
NCT05841056	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Short Term Anti-aRrhythmic Therapy for Post-Operative AF in Cardiac Surgery Patients Pilot Trial
NCT06680869	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Early Amiodarone in Shockable Cardiac Arrest
NCT06722196	PHASE3	RECRUITING	BiodEgradable Soaked Amiodarone paTch Use for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
NCT06835491	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Prophylactic Anti-aRrhythmic Therapy With Amiodarone in Critically Ill Patients Admitted for an Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest With Initial Shockable Rhythm
NCT00000464	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cardiac Arrest in Seattle: Conventional Versus Amiodarone Drug Evaluation (CASCADE)
NCT00000531	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID)
NCT00000556	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM)
NCT00000609	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)
NCT00007605	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparing the Effects of Amiodarone, Sotalol, and Placebo in Maintaining Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Converted to Sinus Rhythm
NCT00251706	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Amiodarone to Prevent Post-Operative Arrhythmias
NCT00300495	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Study of Amiodarone Given Before Lung Surgery to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation After Lung Resection
NCT00392106	PHASE3	SUSPENDED	High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation System Study
NCT00489736	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy & Safety of Dronedarone Versus Amiodarone for the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

PharmGKB dosing guidelines (1) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):

Guideline	Source	Gene(s)	Dosing	Recommendation
Annotation of DPWG Guideline for amiodarone and CYP2D6	DPWG	CYP2D6

PharmGKB also curates 4 clinical and 13 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

217 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
CLOZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
Flecainide	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	KCNA7, SCN5A
Quinidine	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	KCNA7, SCN5A
Verapamil	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	KCNA7, SCN5A
AMITRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
ASTEMIZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
CHLORPROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
CLEMASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
DARIFENACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
DIPHENHYDRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
DROPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
HALOPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
IMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
NELFINAVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
PAROXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
QUETIAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
RISPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
SERTRALINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
SOLIFENACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
SULOCTIDIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
THIORIDAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
TOLTERODINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
XANOMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5, SCN5A
Alogliptin	PubChem	Approved	CHRM5, SCN5A
ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
OLANZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
PALIPERIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
ACETYLCHOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
AMLODIPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
AMOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
ASENAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
ATROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
BAZEDOXIFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
BENZONATATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
BENZTROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
BEPRIDIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
BETAMETHASONE PHOSPHORIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
BETHANECHOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
BOSUTINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
CARBACHOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CARBAMAZEPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
CARBAMOYLCHOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CARIPRAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CARVEDILOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
CHLOROQUINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CHLORPHENIRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CINNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CISAPRIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
CLIDINIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CLOMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CYCLIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
CYPROHEPTADINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5
DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
DARUNAVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
DASATINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
DEFERASIROX	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
DESIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	SCN5A
DESLORATADINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM5