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Atracurium

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Also known as Atracurium cationAtracurium ionATRACURIUM BESILATE

Summary

Atracurium (CHEMBL1360) is an approved small-molecule nicotinic antagonist (ATC M03AC04) targeting CHRNA1, CHRNA3, and CHRNA4.

At a glance

  • Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
  • Modality: Small molecule
  • ATC class: M03AC04
  • Targets: 4 (CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4…)
  • Clinical trials: 18
  • Chemistry: 929.1 Da · C53H72N2O12+2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

FieldValue
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL1360
NameAtracurium
TypeSmall molecule
Max phase4
FDA approvedyes
PubChem CID47319
ChEBICHEBI:2914
ATCM03AC04
Molecular formulaC53H72N2O12+2
Molecular weight929.1
InChIKeyYXSLJKQTIDHPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)C

IUPAC name: 5-[3-[1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl]propanoyloxy]pentyl 3-[1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl]propanoate

ChEBI definition: A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): muscle relaxant, nicotinic antagonist.

Also known as: Atracurium, Atracurium cation, Atracurium ion, atracurium, ATRACURIUM, ATRACURIUM BESILATE

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1200527, CHEMBL4584552

Patent coverage: 13 distinct patent families (22 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 19 (86%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

GeneTargetActionpAffinityCancer dependencyUniProt
CHRNA1nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α1 subunitAntagonist7.010%P02708
CHRNA3nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α3 subunitAntagonist9.050%P32297
CHRNA4nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunitAntagonist8.10.2%P43681
CHRNA7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunitAntagonist8.250.1%P36544

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 12 (assay-derived). Sample: Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4, Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C, Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Kappa-type opioid receptor, Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2, Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 8 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 13 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

TargetpChemblTypeValueUnitActivity ID
KCNH26.8AC50160nMCHEMBL_ACT_25118763
SLC6A46.12AC50760nMCHEMBL_ACT_25150937
ADRA2C5.57AC502700nMCHEMBL_ACT_25148507
CHRNA45.44AC503630nMCHEMBL_ACT_25126690
ADRA2A5.44AC503600nMCHEMBL_ACT_25220484
P706055.23Ki5900nMCHEMBL_ACT_2382115
HTR2C5.2AC506300nMCHEMBL_ACT_25132406
P706055.19Kd6400nMCHEMBL_ACT_2382127

Target pathways

Aggregated over 4 target gene(s): CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7.

Top Reactome pathways

9 total, by targets touching each:

PathwayTargetsGenes
Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission4CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
Transmission across Chemical Synapses4CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
Neuronal System4CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
Acetylcholine binding and downstream events4CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors4CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
Highly calcium permeable postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors4CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors3CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4
Highly calcium permeable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors3CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4
Highly sodium permeable postsynaptic acetylcholine nicotinic receptors2CHRNA3, CHRNA4

Dominant GO biological processes

GO termTargets
synaptic transmission, cholinergic4
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport4
response to nicotine4
regulation of membrane potential4
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway4
monoatomic ion transport4
excitatory postsynaptic potential4
neuromuscular synaptic transmission3
membrane depolarization3
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission3
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential3
signal transduction3
behavioral response to nicotine2
synaptic transmission involved in micturition2
response to acetylcholine2

Indications & clinical

Indications

0 indication records carry no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only); none shown.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 18.

Phase distribution

PhaseTrials
Not specified7
PHASE46
PHASE2/PHASE32
PHASE31
PHASE21
PHASE1/PHASE21

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT07496593PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGTotal Intravenous and Balanced Anesthesia in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy
NCT01097148PHASE4COMPLETEDPeri -and Postoperative Drug Therapy Schedules for Morbidly Obese Patients
NCT02518789PHASE4UNKNOWNEffects and Mechanism of Pretreatment With Dexmedetomidine to Etomidate Induce Myoclonus
NCT02544282PHASE4COMPLETEDLarge-scale Prospective Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Pecs II Block for Breast Surgery
NCT03243500PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety of Adding Atracurium to Percaruncular Block for High Myopes Undergoing Cataract Surgery
NCT03371953PHASE4UNKNOWNEvaluation of Atracurium-vecuronium Combination in Laparosocpic Surgery
NCT01490580PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDPremedication Trial for Tracheal Intubation of the NEOnate
NCT02700893PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDCerebral NIRS Profiles During Premedication for Neonatal Intubation
NCT02920905PHASE3COMPLETEDAtracurium Mixed With Magnesium Sulfate Versus Atracurium Alone as Adjuvant to Lidocaine in IVRA
NCT01273831PHASE2COMPLETEDEffect of Cisatracurium Versus Atracurium on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Underwent General Anesthesia
NCT02065947PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDThree-level Injection Paravertebral Block vs General Anesthesia in Mastectomy
NCT00910416Not specifiedTERMINATEDThe Comparability of Bispectral Index and Neurosense During Anesthesia
NCT01147146Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Effects of Anesthetic Method on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Transurethral Surgery
NCT02109133Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Impacts of Surgical Visibility Through Deep Neuromuscular Blockade on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
NCT02174913Not specifiedCOMPLETEDAwakening in Spine Surgery: A Comparison Between Clinical Signs and Bispectral Index
NCT02652312Not specifiedCOMPLETEDDexmedetomidine and Desflurane Consumption
NCT04078659Not specifiedUNKNOWNPropofol and Magnesium Sulfate Intravenous Infusion During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
NCT04945694Not specifiedUNKNOWNPain Management of Pecto-intercostal Fascial Block Versus Intravenous Fentanyl After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

143 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 100 by shared-target count:

MoleculeSourceStatusShared targets
BUPROPIONChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
MECAMYLAMINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
NICOTINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
VARENICLINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
TROPISETRONChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
CYTISINICLINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 3 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
DEXMECAMYLAMINEChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
GTS-21ChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
ACETYLCHOLINEChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
OndansetronChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4
ALTINICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4
AZD1446ChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
RADAFAXINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA1, CHRNA3, CHRNA4
RIVANICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
STILONIUM IODIDEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
TEBANICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
CARBAMOYLCHOLINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4, CHRNA7
GRANISETRONChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA3, CHRNA4
AZD0328ChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4, CHRNA7
BRADANICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4, CHRNA7
LOBELINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4, CHRNA7
SOFINICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3, CHRNA4
CinacalcetPubChemApprovedCHRNA4, CHRNA7
SulindacPubChemApprovedCHRNA4, CHRNA7
CRIZOTINIBChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
RIFAMPINChEMBL + PubChemPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
ANISOTROPINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
AZELASTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
CHLOROPROCAINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
CHLORPHENTERMINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
DAUNORUBICINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
DIPHEMANILChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
EPALRESTATChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
FENTANYLChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
ILOPERIDONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
MEDAZEPAMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
MOXISYLYTEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
NALTREXONEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA7
NIMESULIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
NITAZOXANIDEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
OXYPERTINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
PALBOCICLIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
PALONOSETRONChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
PONATINIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
PYRVINIUMChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
RIFAXIMINChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
SERTINDOLEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
SUNITINIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
THIORIDAZINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
VANDETANIBChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
ZIMELDINEChEMBLPhase 4 (approved)CHRNA4
CINITAPRIDEChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA4
DIACEREINChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA4
ENCENICLINEChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA7
PYRONARIDINEChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA4
RADOTINIBChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA4
TRIMEBUTINEChEMBLPhase 3CHRNA4
18-METHOXYCORONARIDINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3
ALCURONIUMChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
ANABASEINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA3
CLEBOPRIDEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
FACINICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA7
ISPRONICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
LEVOMENOLChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA7
MEQUITAZINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
MOLIBRESIBChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA1
NEMONAPRIDEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
NIZOFENONEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
OXANTELChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
POZANICLINEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA4
SSR180711ChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA7
STILONIUMChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA7
TILORONEChEMBLPhase 2CHRNA7
.gamma.-aminobutyric acidPubChemApprovedCHRNA7
AbirateronePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
acetylcysteinePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
Aclidinium BromidePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AcyclovirPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AfatinibPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AllopurinolPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AlmotriptanPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AlogliptinPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AmiloridePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
aminolevulinic acidPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AnagrelidePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
ApixabanPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
ApremilastPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AprepitantPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
AtazanavirPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
Betamethasone ValeratePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
BinimetinibPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
BosentanPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
CapsaicinPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
chenodiolPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
ClofarabinePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
ClozapinePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
DacarbazinePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
dacomitinibPubChemApprovedCHRNA4
DesloratadinePubChemApprovedCHRNA4
Desoxycorticosterone PivalatePubChemApprovedCHRNA4

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.4
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 27

This page pulls from 27 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

chebichembl_activitychembl_moleculechembl_targetcivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclinical_trialsdepmapensemblentrezgogoparentgtopdbgtopdb_interactiongtopdb_ligandhgncmsigdbpatent_compoundpharmgkbpharmgkb_guidelinepubchempubchem_activityreactomereactomeparentrefseqtranscriptuniprot