Barium
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Also known as BA
Summary
Barium (CHEMBL4297653) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small molecule targeting KCNT2, KCNJ1, and KCNJ2.
At a glance
- Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
- Modality: Small molecule
- Targets: 21 (KCNT2, KCNJ1, KCNJ2…)
- Clinical trials: 8
- Chemistry: 137.33 Da · Ba
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL4297653 |
| Name | Barium |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 5355457 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:32594 |
| Molecular formula | Ba |
| Molecular weight | 137.33 |
| InChIKey | DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: [Ba]
IUPAC name: barium
Also known as: BA, Barium, BARIUM
Patent coverage: 6,830 distinct patent families (14,360 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KCNT2 | KNa1.2 | Inhibition | 3 | 0.1% | Q6UVM3 |
| KCNJ1 | Kir1.1 | Antagonist | 0% | P48048 | |
| KCNJ2 | Kir2.1 | Antagonist | 5.6 | 0% | P63252 |
| KCNJ12 | Kir2.2 | Antagonist | 0% | Q14500 | |
| KCNJ4 | Kir2.3 | Antagonist | 4.99 | 4.4% | P48050 |
| KCNJ14 | Kir2.4 | Antagonist | 3.32 | 0.9% | Q9UNX9 |
| KCNJ3 | Kir3.1 | Antagonist | 0.2% | P48549 | |
| KCNJ5 | Kir3.4 | Antagonist | 3.3 | 0% | P48544 |
| KCNJ10 | Kir4.1 | Antagonist | 0.2% | P78508 | |
| KCNJ15 | Kir4.2 | Antagonist | 0% | Q99712 | |
| KCNJ16 | Kir5.1 | Antagonist | 0.1% | Q9NPI9 | |
| KCNJ13 | Kir7.1 | Antagonist | 3.2 | 0.1% | O60928 |
| KCNK3 | K2P3.1 | 0.3 | 0% | O14649 | |
| KCNK4 | K2P4.1 | 5.5% | Q9NYG8 | ||
| KCNK6 | K2P6.1 | 0% | Q9Y257 | ||
| KCNK13 | K2P13.1 | 0.8% | Q9HB14 | ||
| KCNK16 | K2P16.1 | 0% | Q96T55 | ||
| KCNK18 | K2P18.1 | 0.1% | Q7Z418 | ||
| KCNA10 | Kv1.8 | 2.3 | 15.2% | Q16322 | |
| KCNB1 | Kv2.1 | 1.5 | 0% | Q14721 | |
| KCNH8 | Kv12.1 | 3.7 | 0.1% | Q96L42 |
Bioactivity
No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).
Target pathways
Aggregated over 21 target gene(s): KCNT2, KCNJ1, KCNJ2, KCNJ12, KCNJ4, KCNJ14, KCNJ3, KCNJ5, KCNJ10, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ13, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNA10, KCNB1, KCNH8.
Top Reactome pathways
31 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Neuronal System | 19 | KCNA10, KCNB1, KCNH8, KCNJ1, KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6 |
| Potassium Channels | 19 | KCNA10, KCNB1, KCNH8, KCNJ1, KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6 |
| Inwardly rectifying K+ channels | 10 | KCNJ1, KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| Muscle contraction | 10 | KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ2, KCNJ4, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6 |
| Phase 4 - resting membrane potential | 10 | KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ2, KCNJ4, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6 |
| Cardiac conduction | 10 | KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ2, KCNJ4, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6 |
| Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| Transmission across Chemical Synapses | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| G protein gated Potassium channels | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| GABA receptor activation | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| GABA B receptor activation | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| Activation of GABAB receptors | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits | 8 | KCNJ10, KCNJ12, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 |
| Tandem pore domain potassium channels | 6 | KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6 |
| Classical Kir channels | 4 | KCNJ12, KCNJ14, KCNJ2, KCNJ4 |
| Potassium transport channels | 3 | KCNJ1, KCNJ10, KCNJ16 |
| Voltage gated Potassium channels | 3 | KCNA10, KCNB1, KCNH8 |
| Tandem pore domain halothane-inhibited K+ channel (THIK) | 1 | KCNK13 |
| Tandem of pore domain in a weak inwardly rectifying K+ channels (TWIK) | 1 | KCNK6 |
| TWIK-releated acid-sensitive K+ channel (TASK) | 1 | KCNK3 |
| TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel (TRESK) | 1 | KCNK18 |
| TWIK-related alkaline pH activated K+ channel (TALK) | 1 | KCNK16 |
| TWIK related potassium channel (TREK) | 1 | KCNK4 |
| Metabolism | 1 | KCNB1 |
| Integration of energy metabolism | 1 | KCNB1 |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion | 1 | KCNB1 |
| Regulation of insulin secretion | 1 | KCNB1 |
| Sensory Perception | 1 | KCNJ2 |
| Sensory perception of taste | 1 | KCNJ2 |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| monoatomic ion transport | 21 |
| potassium ion transport | 21 |
| monoatomic ion transmembrane transport | 21 |
| potassium ion transmembrane transport | 17 |
| regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport | 11 |
| potassium ion import across plasma membrane | 11 |
| monoatomic cation transmembrane transport | 6 |
| regulation of resting membrane potential | 5 |
| regulation of membrane potential | 4 |
| potassium ion export across plasma membrane | 3 |
| metal ion transport | 3 |
| regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction | 3 |
| transmembrane transport | 3 |
| protein homotetramerization | 2 |
| cellular response to mechanical stimulus | 2 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
0 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4).
Clinical trials
Total trials: 8.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 6 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03654066 | PHASE4 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Botox or Botox With Esophageal Dilation in Patients With Achalasia |
| NCT01379183 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Using Magnetic Resonance (MR) to Understand the Effect of Erythromycin on Bowel Motility |
| NCT02662907 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Cough, Expiratory Training, and Chronic Aspiration After Head and Neck Radiotherapy |
| NCT00984607 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Measurement of Gastric Band Stoma Diameter |
| NCT02542046 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Uniformity of Oral Contrast Material in the Bowel |
| NCT02576470 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Motor Learning in Dysphagia Rehabilitation |
| NCT03290482 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis |
| NCT04114617 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Physiological Flow of Liquids in Healthy Swallowing |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
23 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 23 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| Propafenone | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | KCNJ2, KCNJ3, KCNJ5, KCNK3 |
| Isoflurane | PubChem | Approved | KCNK16, KCNK3 |
| Lidocaine | PubChem | Approved | KCNK18, KCNK3 |
| MEXILETINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | KCNK3 |
| ROPIVACAINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | KCNK3 |
| BUPIVACAINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | KCNK3 |
| ETIDOCAINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | KCNK3 |
| BAFREKALANT | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | KCNK3 |
| Alosetron | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ5 |
| Belzutifan | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ2 |
| Chloroform | PubChem | Approved | KCNK16 |
| dalfampridine | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ13 |
| ether | PubChem | Approved | KCNK3 |
| glyburide | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ5 |
| Imipramine | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ5 |
| Mefloquine | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ5 |
| Mepivacaine | PubChem | Approved | KCNK3 |
| Quinidine | PubChem | Approved | KCNK16 |
| Quinine | PubChem | Approved | KCNK3 |
| Riluzole | PubChem | Approved | KCNK4 |
| Sildenafil | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ5 |
| Tetracaine | PubChem | Approved | KCNK3 |
| Zuranolone | PubChem | Approved | KCNJ2 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: KCNT2, KCNJ1, KCNJ2, KCNJ12, KCNJ4, KCNJ14, KCNJ3, KCNJ5, KCNJ10, KCNJ15, KCNJ16, KCNJ13, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK6, KCNK13, KCNK16, KCNK18, KCNA10, KCNB1, KCNH8
- Drugs: Propafenone, Isoflurane, Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Ropivacaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, Alosetron, Belzutifan, Chloroform, dalfampridine, glyburide, Imipramine, Mefloquine, Mepivacaine, Quinidine, Quinine, Riluzole, Sildenafil, Tetracaine, Zuranolone