Biperiden

Summary

Biperiden (CHEMBL1101) is an approved small-molecule muscarinic antagonist (ATC N04AA02) targeting CHRM1, CHRM2, and CHRM3; indicated across 6 conditions including parkinson disease and cocaine dependence.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: N04AA02
• Targets: 5 (CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3…)
• Indications: 6 conditions
• Clinical trials: 5
• Chemistry: 311.5 Da · C21H29NO

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1101
Name	Biperiden
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	2381
ChEBI	CHEBI:3112
ATC	N04AA02
Molecular formula	C21H29NO
Molecular weight	311.5
InChIKey	YSXKPIUOCJLQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1CCN(CC1)CCC(C2CC3CC2C=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O

IUPAC name: 1-(2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl)-1-phenyl-3-piperidin-1-ylpropan-1-ol

ChEBI definition: A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson’s disease.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): muscarinic antagonist, parasympatholytic, antiparkinson drug, antidyskinesia agent, antidote to sarin poisoning.

Also known as: Akineton-, Biperiden, Biperidene, Biperideno, Biperidenum, KL 373, NSC-759145, SID90341640, biperiden, SID124894170, SID174006780, BIPERIDEN

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1201035, CHEMBL1201067

Patent coverage: 2,842 distinct patent families (11,044 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 3 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 11,040 (100%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
CHRM1	M1 receptor	Antagonist	9.32	0.2%	P11229
CHRM2	M2 receptor	Antagonist	8.2	0%	P08172
CHRM3	M3 receptor	Antagonist	8.41	0%	P20309
CHRM4	M4 receptor	Antagonist	8.62	1.6%	P08173
CHRM5	M5 receptor	Antagonist	8.2	0%	P08912

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 9 (assay-derived). Sample: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, Histamine H1 receptor, Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, Histamine H3 receptor, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 11 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 14 total. Top 100 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
CHRM1	8.63	Ki	2.36	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13288643
CHRM1	8.43	AC50	3.7	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25210172
CHRM1	8.36	AC50	4.4	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25210769
CHRM3	8.22	Ki	5.95	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13288578
CHRM2	7.86	Ki	13.7	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13288596
CHRM4	7.49	Ki	32.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13288564
CHRM1	7.01	AC50	98.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25135222
CHRM2	6.52	AC50	300	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25213525
CHRM3	6.06	AC50	880	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25136473
Q63921	5.36	AC50	4400	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25174175
KCNH2	5.13	AC50	7400	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25117535

Target pathways

Aggregated over 5 target gene(s): CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5.

Top Reactome pathways

17 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Signal Transduction	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Signaling by GPCR	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Amine ligand-binding receptors	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GPCR downstream signalling	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GPCR ligand binding	5	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
G alpha (q) signalling events	3	CHRM1, CHRM3, CHRM5
G alpha (i) signalling events	2	CHRM2, CHRM4
Metabolism	1	CHRM3
Integration of energy metabolism	1	CHRM3
Membrane Trafficking	1	CHRM2
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion	1	CHRM3
Regulation of insulin secretion	1	CHRM3
Vesicle-mediated transport	1	CHRM2
Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis	1	CHRM2
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis	1	CHRM2

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
signal transduction	5
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	5
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	5
chemical synaptic transmission	5
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	3
nervous system development	3
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	3
regulation of locomotion	2
saliva secretion	2
regulation of smooth muscle contraction	2
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
neuromuscular synaptic transmission	1
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

1 approved indication. FDA phase 4, plus an anticancer drug’s labelled cancer uses (which ChEMBL often logs at phase 3).

Indication	Phase	MONDO	EFO
Parkinson disease	4	MONDO:0005180	MONDO:0005180

4 diseases in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.

Disease (in trials)	Phase	MONDO	EFO
cocaine dependence	3	MONDO:0005186	EFO:0002610
anxiety	3	MONDO:0011918	EFO:0005230
dementia	3	MONDO:0001627	HP:0000726
depressive disorder	3	MONDO:0002050	MONDO:0002050

1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 5.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	3
PHASE4	1
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00495183	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy of Caffeine, With and Without Biperiden, as a Maintenance Treatment for Cocaine Dependence
NCT04945213	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Biperiden Trial for Epilepsy Prevention
NCT00495092	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Caffeine, With and Without Biperiden, in the Detoxification of Cocaine Dependent Patients
NCT01251393	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cocaine/Crack and Reduction of Compulsion With Biperiden
NCT02374567	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

576 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 100 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLOZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GENTIAN VIOLET	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
Mavorixafor	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
OLANZAPINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ACETYLCHOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
AMIODARONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
AMITRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
AMOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ASTEMIZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ATROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BENZTROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BETHANECHOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CARBACHOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CARBAMOYLCHOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CHLOROQUINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CHLORPROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CINNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLEMASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLIDINIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CLOMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CYCLIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CYPROHEPTADINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DARIFENACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DESLORATADINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DICYCLOMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIMENHYDRINATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIPHENHYDRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIPHENIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DOXEPIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
EBASTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
HALOPERIDOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
HOMATROPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
IMIPRAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
IPRATROPIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
KETOTIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
LOXAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MAPROTILINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MEPAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
METHSCOPOLAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
MIANSERIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
NORTRIPTYLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ORPHENADRINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
OXYBUTYNIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PAROXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PERHEXILINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PILOCARPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PIRENZEPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PROCHLORPERAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PROMAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PROMETHAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
QUETIAPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
QUINACRINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
RISPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SCOPOLAMINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SERTRALINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SOLIFENACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SULOCTIDIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TAMOXIFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TERCONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
THIORIDAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TOLTERODINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TROPICAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TROSPIUM CHLORIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
XANOMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
DIMETHINDENE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ENCLOMIPHENE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
ABAPERIDONE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
APROFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
FLUNARIZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
PF-03635659	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
SABCOMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
TALSACLIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BETAMETHASONE PHOSPHORIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
CARIPRAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM4, CHRM5
CEVIMELINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
CLOTRIMAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
ECONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
FLUOXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5
FLUPHENAZINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
MICONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
OXYMETAZOLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM4, CHRM5
SULCONAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5
BLARCAMESINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
METHYLBENACTYZIUM BROMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
OTENZEPAD	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
ZOTEPINE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
Afatinib	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3
chenodiol	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3
LINAGLIPTIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3
Propoxyphene	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM3, CHRM5
AMBENONIUM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3