Brinzolamide

Summary

Brinzolamide (CHEMBL220491) is an approved small-molecule antiglaucoma drug (ATC S01EC04) targeting CA1, CA14, and CA12; indicated across 4 conditions including open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: S01EC04 (+1 more)
• Targets: 4 (CA1, CA14, CA12…)
• Indications: 4 conditions
• Clinical trials: 53
• Chemistry: 383.5 Da · C12H21N3O5S3

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL220491
Name	Brinzolamide
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	68844
ChEBI	CHEBI:3176
ATC	S01EC04, S01EC54
Molecular formula	C12H21N3O5S3
Molecular weight	383.5
InChIKey	HCRKCZRJWPKOAR-JTQLQIEISA-N

SMILES: CCN[C@H]1CN(S(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=C(S2)S(=O)(=O)N)CCCOC

IUPAC name: (4R)-4-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[3,2-e]thiazine-6-sulfonamide

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antiglaucoma drug, EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor.

Also known as: AL-4862, Azopt, Brinzolamida, Brinzolamide, Brinzolamide component of azarga, Brinzolamide component of simbrinza, NSC-760050, brinzolamide, brizolamide, BRINZOLAMIDE, SID56463043, SID170464926

Patent coverage: 2,115 distinct patent families (8,355 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
CA1	carbonic anhydrase 1	Inhibition	4.35	0%	P00915
CA14	carbonic anhydrase 14	Inhibition	4.15	0%	Q9ULX7
CA12	carbonic anhydrase 12	Inhibition	8.52	0.2%	O43570
CA7	carbonic anhydrase 7	Inhibition	8.55	1.6%	P43166

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 19 (assay-derived). Sample: Carbonic anhydrase 2, Carbonic anhydrase 13, Carbonic anhydrase 7, Carbonic anhydrase 1, Carbonic anhydrase 4, Carbonic anhydrase 6, Carbonic anhydrase 12, Carbonic anhydrase 14, Carbonic anhydrase 9, Carbonic anhydrase 4.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 163 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 197 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
CA2	10.05	Kd	0.09	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15212967
CA2	9.9	Ki	0.13	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12660307
CA6	9.05	Ki	0.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13515565
CA6	9.05	Ki	0.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1804238
CA6	9.05	Ki	0.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2056562
CA6	9.05	Ki	0.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2159082
CA6	9.05	Ki	0.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2496754
CA6	9.05	Ki	0.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5131588
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13407599
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13440684
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13515564
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1435970
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1780668
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19261521
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2056569
CA7	8.55	Ki	2.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2159088
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_10946400
CA1	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1257124
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12655981
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13286848
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13407618
CA12	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13440642
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13440705
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_138028
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13866475
CA12	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13910693
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13910735
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1403885
CA2	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1425877
CA12	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1425878

Target pathways

Aggregated over 4 target gene(s): CA1, CA14, CA12, CA7.

Top Reactome pathways

12 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Metabolism	4	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide	4	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen	1	CA1
Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide	1	CA1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	1	CA1
O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes	1	CA1
Immune System	1	CA1
Transport of small molecules	1	CA1
Interleukin-12 family signaling	1	CA1
Signaling by Interleukins	1	CA1
Gene and protein expression by JAK-STAT signaling after Interleukin-12 stimulation	1	CA1
Interleukin-12 signaling	1	CA1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
response to fructose	1
estrous cycle	1
chloride ion homeostasis	1
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	1
obsolete positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	1
regulation of intracellular pH	1
neuron cellular homeostasis	1
regulation of chloride transport	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

4 indications (3 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
open-angle glaucoma	4	MONDO:0005338	EFO:0004190
ocular hypertension	4	MONDO:0006875	EFO:1001069
glaucoma	4	MONDO:0005041	MONDO:0005041
central serous chorioretinopathy	2	MONDO:0018616	EFO:0009784

Clinical trials

Total trials: 53.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	27
PHASE3	17
PHASE2	6
Not specified	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00300079	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of the Intraocular Pressure (IOP)-Lowering Efficacy of Azopt 1.0% Compared to Timolol 0.5% in Patients With Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00372827	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Brinzolamide and Timolol When Added to Travoprost in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00382226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	IOP-Lowering Efficacy of Brinzolamide 1.0% Added to Travoprost 0.004%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed Combination as Adjunctive Therapy
NCT00675207	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Brimonidine Purite, Dorzolamide, and Brinzolamide as Adjunctive Therapy to Prostaglandin Analogs
NCT00759941	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Azopt Versus Placebo Added to Xalatan in Patients With Elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP) on a Prostaglandin
NCT00761995	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Brinzolamide Dosed TID With Dorzolamide Dosed TID in Reducing Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00800540	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Circadian Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow
NCT00966576	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Adding Azarga to Prostaglandin Monotherapy
NCT00981786	PHASE4	COMPLETED	24-Hour Intraocular Pressure With Brinzolamide/Timolol Versus Brimonidine/Timolol
NCT01263444	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Adding AZARGA® Adjunctive to Prostaglandin Therapy
NCT01312402	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Topical Brinzolamide Ophthalmic Suspension Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome
NCT01340014	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patient Preference Comparison of AZARGA Versus COSOPT
NCT01415401	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Tolerability of AZARGA® as Replacement Therapy in Patients on COMBIGAN® Therapy in Canada
NCT01471158	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patient Preference Comparison of AZARGA Versus COSOPT in Patients With Glaucoma
NCT01484951	PHASE4	COMPLETED	AZARGA Transition Study in Taiwan for Patients With Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure
NCT01514734	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Assessing the Efficacy and Tolerability of AZARGA® (Brinzolamide 1%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed Combination) as Replacement Therapy in Patients on COMBIGAN® (Brimonidine 0.2%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed Combination) Therapy in Brazil
NCT01518244	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessing the Efficacy and Tolerability of AZARGA® (Brinzolamide 1%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed Combination) as Replacement Therapy in Patients on Brimonidine 0.2%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed Combination Therapy (COMBIGAN®) in Latin America
NCT01937299	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of SIMBRINZA® Suspension as an Added Therapy to TRAVATAN Z®
NCT01937312	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of SIMBRINZA® Suspension as an Added Therapy to a Prostaglandin Analogue
NCT01978600	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure Using Simbrinza™ in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT02325518	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Intraocular Pressure (IOP)-Lowering Efficacy and Safety of AZORGA® Ophthalmic Suspension and COSOPT® Ophthalmic Solution
NCT02419508	PHASE4	COMPLETED	SIMBRINZA® Suspension BID as an Adjunctive to Prostaglandin Analogue (PGA)
NCT02730871	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Safety and Efficacy of SIMBRINZA® BID as an Adjunctive to DUOTRAV®
NCT02770248	PHASE4	COMPLETED	24-hr Intraocular Pressure Control With SIMBRINZA ®
NCT03150160	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Additive Effect of Twice-daily Brinzolamide 1%/Brimonidine 0.2%Combination as an Adjunctive Therapy to Travoprost in Patients With Normal Tension Glaucoma
NCT03192826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Combination vs Brimonidine 0.2% in the Prevention of IOP Rise After Nd-YAG Laser Capsulotomy
NCT03966560	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Choroidal Thickness and Its Correlations With Ocular Parameters in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
NCT00061516	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of BETAXON 0.5% and AZOPT 1.0% in Pediatric Patients With Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00314158	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of a Glaucoma Therapy to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00314171	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of a Glaucoma Therapy to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00767481	PHASE3	TERMINATED	1 Year Study Trav/Brinz QD Fixed Combination Versus COSOPT
NCT00767494	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Travoprost/Brinzolamide Fixed Combination Versus Travatan and Versus AZOPT
NCT00980473	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty for Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
NCT01004900	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Lowering Effect of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Versus Prostaglandin Analogues in Angle Closure Glaucoma
NCT01297517	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Brinzolamide 1%/Brimonidine 0.2% vs. Brinzolamide 1% and Brimonidine 0.2%
NCT01297920	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Three Month Efficacy/Safety Study With a 3-Month Safety Extension of Brinzolamide 1%/Brimonidine 0.2% vs. Brinzolamide 1% or Brimonidine 0.2%
NCT01309204	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Twice a Day (BID) Fixed Combination (FC) vs Brinzolamide BID Plus Brimonidine BID in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT01310777	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Twice a Day (BID) Fixed Combination (FC) vs Brinzolamide BID and Brimonidine BID in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT01357616	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Fixed Combination Brinzolamide 1%/Timolol 0.5% Versus Brinzolamide 1% + Timolol 0.5% in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT01722604	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Therapeutic Equivalence Study of Generic Brinzolamide vs Azopt

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

85 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ACETAZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CELECOXIB	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CHLORTHALIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
COUMARIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
DICHLORPHENAMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
DOBUTAMINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
FUROSEMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
LACOSAMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SALICYLIC ACID	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
BORTEZOMIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
DORZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ETHOXZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
FAMOTIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
IMATINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
INDAPAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
LEVETIRACETAM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
MAFENIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
METHAZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
NILOTINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SULFANILAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
TOPIRAMATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
TRIENTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
VALDECOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
VERALIPRIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ZONISAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CAFFEIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CURCUMIN	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
QUERCETIN	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
RESVERATROL	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SACCHARIN	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SPERMIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CARZENIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
COUMAPHOS	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ELLAGIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
GALLIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
INDISULAM	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
IROSUSTAT	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
PCI-27483	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SONEPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
HYDROQUINONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14
PHENOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14
PYRITHIONE ZINC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA12, CA14, CA7
SULPIRIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA7
P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA7
THIMEROSAL	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA12, CA14, CA7
SODIUM CYCLAMATE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA14, CA7
SULFASUCCINAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA14
PAZOPANIB	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12
SULTHIAME	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA7
ZOLEDRONIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA12, CA14
PRITELIVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12
BENZYLSULFAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12
DAIDZEIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA7
DITIOCARB	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12
FLAVONE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12
ISOQUERCETIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA7
LUTEOLIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA7