Canakinumab
drug drugOn this page
Also known as ACZ-885ACZ885Ilaris
Summary
Canakinumab (CHEMBL1201834) is an approved antibody (ATC L04AC08); indicated across 44 conditions including juvenile idiopathic arthritis and gout.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Antibody
- ATC class: L04AC08
- Indications: 44 conditions
- Clinical trials: 98
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1201834 |
| Name | Canakinumab |
| Type | Antibody |
| Max phase | 4 |
| ATC | L04AC08 |
Also known as: ACZ-885, ACZ885, Canakinumab, Ilaris, CANAKINUMAB
Targets
Targets
No target linkage available.
Bioactivity
No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
6 approved indications. FDA phase 4, plus an anticancer drug’s labelled cancer uses (which ChEMBL often logs at phase 3).
| Indication | Phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 4 | MONDO:0011429 | EFO:0002609 |
| gout | 4 | MONDO:0005393 | EFO:0004274 |
| immune system disorder | 4 | MONDO:0005046 | EFO:0000540 |
| cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome | 4 | MONDO:0016168 | MONDO:0008633 |
| mevalonate kinase deficiency | 4 | MONDO:0017708 | MONDO:0017708 |
| familial Mediterranean fever | 4 | MONDO:0018088 | MONDO:0018088 |
32 diseases in clinical trials (phase 1–3, investigational — not approved indications). Highest ChEMBL trial phase per disease; a non-cancer approved use is occasionally logged at phase 3 here.
| Disease (in trials) | Phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| atherosclerosis | 3 | MONDO:0005311 | EFO:0003914 |
| non-small cell lung carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005233 | EFO:0003060 |
| adult-onset Still disease | 3 | MONDO:0019355 | EFO:0007135 |
| lung carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005138 | EFO:0001071 |
| pneumonia | 3 | MONDO:0005249 | EFO:0003106 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0005091 | MONDO:0100096 |
| hypoglycemia | 3 | MONDO:0004946 | HP:0001943 |
| lung neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021117 | MONDO:0008903 |
| exocrine pancreatic carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0005192 | EFO:0002618 |
| pyoderma | 2 | MONDO:0002922 | HP:0000999 |
| rheumatoid arthritis | 2 | MONDO:0008383 | EFO:0000685 |
| abdominal aortic aneurysm | 2 | MONDO:0005350 | EFO:0004214 |
| peripheral arterial disease | 2 | MONDO:0005386 | EFO:0004265 |
| atrial fibrillation | 2 | MONDO:0004981 | EFO:0000275 |
| pulmonary sarcoidosis | 2 | MONDO:0001708 | DOID:13406 |
| dry eye syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0006733 | EFO:1000906 |
| Kawasaki disease | 2 | MONDO:0012727 | EFO:0004246 |
| melanoma | 2 | MONDO:0005105 | EFO:0000756 |
| polymyalgia rheumatica | 2 | MONDO:0019735 | EFO:0008518 |
| alcoholic hepatitis | 2 | MONDO:0001505 | EFO:1001345 |
| Behcet disease | 2 | MONDO:0007191 | EFO:0003780 |
| Schnitzler syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0018304 | EFO:1001165 |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus | 2 | MONDO:0005147 | MONDO:0005147 |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | 2 | MONDO:0005148 | MONDO:0005148 |
| osteoarthritis | 2 | MONDO:0005178 | MONDO:0005178 |
| sickle cell disease | 2 | MONDO:0011382 | MONDO:0011382 |
| osteoarthritis, knee | 2 | MONDO:0005416 | EFO:0004616 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 | MONDO:0005002 | EFO:0000341 |
| age-related macular degeneration | 1 | MONDO:0005150 | EFO:0001365 |
| breast neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0021100 | MONDO:0007254 |
| myelodysplastic syndrome | 1 | MONDO:0018881 | EFO:0000198 |
| pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | 1 | MONDO:0005184 | MONDO:0005184 |
5 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 98.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE2 | 49 |
| PHASE3 | 28 |
| PHASE1 | 9 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 5 |
| Not specified | 3 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05080218 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | COVID-19 VaccinE Response in Rheumatology Patients |
| NCT05401578 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Canakinumab for the Treatment of Postprandial Hypoglycemia |
| NCT05535738 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Using a Contact Dermatitis Model With Biologic Medications to Study Skin Inflammation |
| NCT00465985 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Patients With Muckle-Wells Syndrome |
| NCT00685373 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of ACZ885 in Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT00770601 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Canakinumab to Treat Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT00886769 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Single-dose Study to Assess Efficacy of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Patients With Active Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) |
| NCT00889863 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Flare Prevention Study of Canakinumab in Patients With Active Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) |
| NCT00891046 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | An Open-label Extension Study of Canakinumab in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Active Systemic Manifestations Manifestations and Response Characterization Study in Canakinumab Treatment-naïve Patients With Active SJIA With and Without Fever. |
| NCT00900146 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Dose Finding, Safety and Efficacy of Monthly Subcutaneous Canakinumab Administration in Metformin Monotherapy Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients |
| NCT00991146 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Study of Canakinumab Administered for 6 Months (24 Weeks) in Japanese Patients With Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes Followed by an Extension Phase |
| NCT01029652 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Canakinumab in the Treatment of Acute Gout Flares and Prevention of New Flares in Patients Unable to Use Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and/or Colchicine Including a 12 Weeks Extension and an Open-label 48 Weeks Extension Study |
| NCT01080131 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Canakinumab in the Treatment of Acute Gout Flares and Prevention of New Flares in Patients Unable to Use Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and/or Colchicines Including a 12 Week Extension and a 1 Year Open-label Extension Study. |
| NCT01302860 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Pediatric Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT01327846 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Study (Reduction in Recurrent Major CV Disease Events) |
| NCT01362608 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Safety & Efficacy of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Patients With Frequent Flares for Whom Nonsterodial Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAIDs) and/ or Colchicine Are Contraindicated, Not Tolerated or Ineffective |
| NCT01470989 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | β-RELIEVED - REsponse in Acute fLare and In prEVEntion of episoDes of Re-flare in Gout - Extension 3 (E3) |
| NCT01576367 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Pediatric Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease |
| NCT01593527 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Canakinumab in the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis Flare(s) and Prevention of New Flares in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease |
| NCT01676948 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | An Open-label, Multi-arm, Non-comparative Safety and Tolerability Study of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Patients With Active Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) |
| NCT02059291 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Patients With Hereditary Periodic Fevers |
| NCT02334748 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study of Canakinumab in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or Hereditary Periodic Fevers Who Participated in the CACZ885G2301E1, CACZ885G2306 or CACZ885N2301 Studies |
| NCT02396212 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Japanese Patients With SJIA |
| NCT02911857 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | An Extention Study of Safety of Canakinumab in Japanese Patients With Periodic Fever Syndromes |
| NCT03447769 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Brief Title: Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab as Adjuvant Therapy in Adult Subjects With Stages AJCC/UICC v. 8 II-IIIA and IIIB (T>5cm N2) Completely Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Acronym: CANOPY-A |
| NCT03626545 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Phase III Study Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Combination With Docetaxel in Adult Subjects With Non-small Cell Lung Cancers as a Second or Third Line Therapy |
| NCT03631199 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Plus Platinum-based Doublet Chemotherapy With or Without Canakinumab in Previously Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-squamous and Squamous NSCLC Subjects |
| NCT04362813 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab Treatment for CRS in Participants With COVID-19-induced Pneumonia |
| NCT04510493 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Canakinumab in Patients With COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes |
| NCT04717635 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Japanese Patients With AOSD |
| NCT05725343 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | A Prevention Trial of Canakinumab in Subjects at High Risk for Lung Cancer |
| NCT04239157 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | A Phase II, Open-Label, Study of Subcutaneous Canakinumab, an Anti-IL-1β Human Monoclonal Antibody, for Patients With Low or Int-1 Risk IPSS/IPSS-R Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia |
| NCT04789681 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Canakinumab for the Prevention of Lung Cancer, the Can-Prevent-Lung Trial |
| NCT04798339 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Canakinumab With Darbepoetin Alfa in PTs With Lower-Risk MDS Who Have Failed ESA |
| NCT04905316 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | A Study of Canakinumab With Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Durvalumab in People With Lung Cancer |
| NCT05467800 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Study of Canakinumab in Patients With Myelofibrosis |
| NCT05641831 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Canakinumab for the Prevention of Progression to Cancer in Patients With Clonal Cytopenias of Unknown Significance, IMPACT Study |
| NCT06038526 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Evaluation of Canakinumab in High-Risk Former-Smokers |
| NCT06691217 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Effects of IL-1 Beta Inhibition on Vascular Inflammation in TET2 Clonal Hematopoiesis |
| NCT07138898 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty |
| NCT00424346 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCT00426218 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous ACZ885 in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) |
| NCT00487708 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics of ACZ885 in Patients With NALP3 Mutations and Clinical Symptoms |
| NCT00487825 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous ACZ885 and Oral Methotrexate Therapy in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCT00504595 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of ACZ885 in Adult Patients With Established Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCT00505089 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous ACZ885 in Adult Patients With Established Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCT00554606 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Long-term Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCT00581945 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients |
| NCT00605475 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ACZ885 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes |
| NCT00619905 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ACZ885 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With Ongoing Treatment With Methotrexate |
| NCT00663169 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of a Single Dose of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Gout |
| NCT00798369 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Targeted Dose Finding of Canakinumab (ACZ885) for Management of Acute Flare in Refractory or Contraindicated Gout Patients |
| NCT00819585 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Study of the Efficacy of Canakinumab in Prevention of Acute Flares in Chronic Gout Patients Initiating Allopurinol Therapy (Core Study) and a Long-term Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Patients With Gout (Extension Study) |
| NCT00927810 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Long Term Study of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Patients With Gout |
| NCT00995930 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety & Effectiveness on Vascular Structure and Function of ACZ885 in Atherosclerosis and Either T2DM or IGT Patients |
| NCT01068860 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | To Compare the Effect of a Subcutaneous Canakinumab Administration to Placebo in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Differing Baseline Diabetes Therapies |
| NCT01088880 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Patients With Colchicine Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever |
| NCT01148797 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Canakinumab in Pediatric Patients With Colchicine Intolerant or Colchicine Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) |
| NCT01160822 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | To Determine the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Effect on Pain of a Single Intra-articular Administration of Canakinumab in Patients With Osteoarthritis in the Knee |
| NCT01170936 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Ilaris® in Urticarial Vasculitis - Investigation of Treatment Responses |
| NCT01242813 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Study of ACZ885 in Patients With Active Recurrent or Chronic TNF-receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS). |
| NCT01245127 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Ilaris (Canakinumab) in the Schnitzler Syndrome |
| NCT01250171 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The Effects of a Single Intravenous Administration of Secukinumab (AIN457) or Canakinumab (ACZ885) in Dry Eye Patients |
| NCT01276522 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Schnitzler Syndrome |
| NCT01302795 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Canakinumab for Pyoderma Gangrenosum |
| NCT01303380 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Canakinumab in Patients With Active Hyper-IgD Syndrome |
| NCT01322321 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | ACZ885 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| NCT01364389 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A 3-arm Proof of Concept Study of AIN457, ACZ885 or Corticosteroids in Patients With Polymyalgia Rheumatica |
| NCT01390350 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Ilaris® Effects in Schnitzler Syndrome (ILESCH) |
| NCT01635127 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy Study of Canakinumab to Treat Urticaria |
| NCT01731990 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of ACZ885 on Leg Artery Structure in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease |
| NCT01805960 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Canakinumab for the Prevention of Recurrences After Electrical Cardioversion: CONVERT-AF |
| NCT02007252 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | ACZ885 for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |
| NCT02204293 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Canakinumab for Treatment of Adult-onset Still’s Disease |
| NCT02272946 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Effect of IL–1β Inhibition on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk |
| NCT02756650 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | 1 Year of Treatment With Canakinumab in Behçet’s Disease Patients With Neurologic or Vascular Involvement |
| NCT02888080 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 (Canakinumab) in Patients With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis |
| NCT02961218 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 (Canakinumab) in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia |
| NCT02980263 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Pediatric Patients With Kawasaki Disease |
| NCT03484923 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Novel Spartalizumab Combinations in Patients With Previously Treated Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma |
| NCT03775109 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | IL-1 Signal Inhibition in Alcoholic Hepatitis |
| NCT03968419 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | This Study Will Evaluate the Effect of Canakinumab or Pembrolizumab Given as Monotherapy or in Combination as Neo-adjuvant Treatment for Subjects With Early Stages NSCLC. |
| NCT04795466 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Various Anti-inflammatory Agents in Participants With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild Alzheimer’s Disease |
| NCT04814368 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Safety and Efficacy Study of Anti-inflammatory (Canakinumab) and Cartilage Stimulating (LNA043) Drugs Injected Into the Knee Joint of Participants With Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) |
| NCT05237713 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab for the Treatment of Anemia in LR-MDS Patients |
| NCT05984602 | PHASE1 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | A Phase IB Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Canakinumab and Tislelizumab in Combination With Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in the Neo-adjuvant Treatment of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer |
| NCT00421226 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ACZ885 in Healthy Japanese Male Volunteers |
| NCT00503022 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Safety and Tolerability of an Intravenous Infusion of ACZ885 in Patients With Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT01589029 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | A Pilot Study on the Effects of ILARIS® on Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDRP) |
| NCT02775994 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Ilaris (Canakinumab) in Patient With Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Cervical Adenitis (PFAPA) |
| NCT02900664 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Study of PDR001 in Combination With CJM112, EGF816, Ilaris® (Canakinumab) or Mekinist® (Trametinib) |
| NCT03064854 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | PDR001 in Combination With Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy and Other Immunology Agents in PD-L1 Unselected, Metastatic NSCLC Patients |
| NCT03742349 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Study of Safety and Efficacy of Novel Immunotherapy Combinations in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). |
| NCT04810611 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Phase Ib Study of Select Drug Combinations in Patients With Lower Risk MDS |
| NCT04028245 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Study of Combination Spartalizumab and Canakinumab in Patients With Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma |
| NCT06838143 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Ilaris NIS in Korea |
| NCT04348448 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Observational Study, Use of Canakinumab Administered Subcutaneously in the Treatment COVID-19 Pneumonia |
| NCT04476706 | Not specified | NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE | Canakinumab MAP in COVID-19 Pneumonia With CRS |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
- Indicated for: juvenile idiopathic arthritis, gout, immune system disorder, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, mevalonate kinase deficiency, familial Mediterranean fever
- In clinical trials for: atherosclerosis, non-small cell lung carcinoma, adult-onset Still disease, lung carcinoma, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, hypoglycemia, lung neoplasm, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, pyoderma, rheumatoid arthritis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary sarcoidosis, dry eye syndrome, Kawasaki disease, melanoma, polymyalgia rheumatica, alcoholic hepatitis, Behcet disease, Schnitzler syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, sickle cell disease, osteoarthritis, knee