Carbon Dioxide
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Also known as Carbonic acidDry ice (solid form)E-290E290INS NO.290INS-290NSC-81688Carbondioxide
Summary
Carbon Dioxide (CHEMBL1231871) is an approved small-molecule vasodilator agent (ATC V03AN02); indicated across 9 conditions including panic disorder and trigeminal neuralgia.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: V03AN02
- Indications: 9 conditions
- Clinical trials: 32
- Chemistry: 44.009 Da · CO2
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1231871 |
| Name | Carbon Dioxide |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 280 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16526 |
| ATC | V03AN02 |
| Molecular formula | CO2 |
| Molecular weight | 44.009 |
| InChIKey | CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: C(=O)=O
IUPAC name: carbon dioxide
ChEBI definition: A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): vasodilator agent, anaesthetic, antagonist, greenhouse gas.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): solvent, human metabolite, food packaging gas, food propellant, refrigerant, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, Escherichia coli metabolite, mouse metabolite.
Also known as: Carbon dioxide, Carbonic acid, Dry ice (solid form), E-290, E290, INS NO.290, INS-290, NSC-81688, Carbondioxide, CARBON DIOXIDE
Patent coverage: 1,076,780 distinct patent families (2,176,373 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 3 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 2,151,865 (99%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
No target linkage available.
Bioactivity
No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
9 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| panic disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005383 | EFO:0004262 |
| trigeminal neuralgia | 2 | MONDO:0008599 | EFO:1001219 |
| perennial allergic rhinitis | 2 | MONDO:0024332 | EFO:1001417 |
| sleep apnea syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0005296 | EFO:0003877 |
| migraine disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005277 | MONDO:0005277 |
| heart failure | 1 | MONDO:0005252 | EFO:0003144 |
| respiratory failure | 1 | MONDO:0021113 | EFO:0009842 |
2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 32.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 19 |
| PHASE2 | 6 |
| PHASE1 | 4 |
| PHASE4 | 2 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00464022 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | CO2 Insufflation During Double Balloon Enteroscopy |
| NCT03287687 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of CO2 for Endoscopy |
| NCT07596628 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | siRNA Microneedle Patches for Earlobe Keloid Post-Surgical Scars |
| NCT00325312 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Subcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Insufflations for Acute Non Specific Neck Pain |
| NCT01041924 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Dynamic Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Administration for Sleep Apnoea |
| NCT02113449 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Market Potential of Carbon Dioxide Nasal Spray |
| NCT02631694 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Disruption of Memory Reconsolidating as a Treatment for Panic Disorder |
| NCT04058132 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessed With fNIRS as a Biomarker of TCVI After Acute Traumatic Brain Injury in Military |
| NCT01049256 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | The Cyclocapnic Method for Measurement of Chemosensitivity |
| NCT01050179 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Chemoreflex Gain on Exercise |
| NCT02473354 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Predictors of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression (OIRD) |
| NCT03998631 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Saline Flush to Saline Flush in TEVAR and TAVI Procedures to Reduce Cerebral Ischemia |
| NCT07420530 | EARLY_PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Respiratory and Real-time Dynamics in Exercise-Induced Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion |
| NCT04157179 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Children |
| NCT04258774 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | The Effect of Respiratory Challenge on the BOLD Signal |
| NCT04406818 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Metabolic and Hemodynamic Reserve in Pediatric SCA |
| NCT05761756 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Oxygen Toxicity: Mechanisms in Humans |
| NCT06338865 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Short Title: Standard vs. Lower Pressure Pneumoperitoneum |
| NCT06865378 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | The Correlation Between Intraoperative End Tidal Carbon Dioxide, Perfusion Index and Pulse Variability Index on Postoperative Nausea Vomiting and Pain |
| NCT07463742 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Transcriptomic Profile Changes in Benign Tracheal Stenosis: Wedge Resection vs. Radial Incision |
| NCT00618410 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Intranasal CO2 for Allergic Rhinitis |
| NCT00719342 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Breathing a Mixture of 92% Oxygen (O2) + 8% Carbon Dioxide (CO2) on Flicker Induced Blood Flow Changes in Ocular Perfusion |
| NCT01045005 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Doppler Ultrasound Investigation of Microcirculations |
| NCT01344499 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Clearance Rate of Peritoneal Fluid After Full Conditioning Pneumoperitoneum |
| NCT02790359 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Carbon Dioxide Insufflation Versus Conventional Air Insufflation |
| NCT02958722 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Comparison Between Two Different Distention Medium in Diagnostic Hysteroscopy |
| NCT03141697 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Use of CO2 in Routine-Colonoscopy |
| NCT03264027 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Carbon Dioxide Versus Air Insufflation for the Application of Argon Plasma to Reduce the Gastrojejunal Anastomosis |
| NCT04541667 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Is End Tidal CO2 Level Elevation During Upper Endoscopy With CO2 Gas Insufflation Physiologically Significant |
| NCT04947982 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Low Versus Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum |
| NCT05350137 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Application of Carbon Dioxide for Identifying the Intersegmental Plane in Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy |
| NCT05873335 | Not specified | COMPLETED | In Vivo Pulse Oximeter Validation Study |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline or drug-level clinical/variant annotations in PharmGKB for this molecule.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.