Carnosine
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Also known as NSC-524045L-carnosineSID11113307SID26754272beta-alanyl-L-histidineCarnosinePOLAPREZINC
Summary
Carnosine (CHEMBL242948) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small-molecule anticonvulsant; indicated across 3 conditions including peripheral arterial disease and persian gulf syndrome.
At a glance
- Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
- Modality: Small molecule
- Indications: 3 conditions
- Clinical trials: 21
- Chemistry: 226.23 Da · C9H14N4O3
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL242948 |
| Name | Carnosine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 439224 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15727 |
| Molecular formula | C9H14N4O3 |
| Molecular weight | 226.23 |
| InChIKey | CQOVPNPJLQNMDC-ZETCQYMHSA-N |
SMILES: C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCN
IUPAC name: (2S)-2-(3-aminopropanoylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
ChEBI definition: A dipeptide that is the N-(β-alanyl) derivative of L-histidine.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antineoplastic agent, neuroprotective agent, geroprotector.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, Daphnia magna metabolite, mouse metabolite.
Also known as: Carnosine, NSC-524045, carnosine, L-carnosine, SID11113307, SID26754272, beta-alanyl-L-histidine, CARNOSINE, Carnosine; beta-alanyl-L-histidine, L-Carnosine, POLAPREZINC
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL3184454
Patent coverage: 9,065 distinct patent families (21,993 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 19,983 (91%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 7 (assay-derived). Sample: Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, Solute carrier family 15 member 2, Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Solute carrier family 15 member 2, Cytochrome P450 2C9, Cytochrome P450 2C19.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 1 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 7 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P51450 | 5.65 | Potency | 2239 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4765639 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
3 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| peripheral arterial disease | 3 | MONDO:0005386 | EFO:0004265 |
| persian gulf syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0005907 | EFO:0007430 |
1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 21.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 12 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02686697 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Carnosine and Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia |
| NCT05371145 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Carnosine for Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients |
| NCT06480760 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Effects of Carnosine In Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients |
| NCT00810368 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Treatment Study of Carnosine Versus Placebo in Gulf War Illness (GWI) |
| NCT02808624 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | L-carnosine Prophylactic Effect on Oxaliplatin Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in GIT Cancer Patients |
| NCT02917928 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | The Potential of Carnosine Supplementation in Optimising Cardiometabolic Health |
| NCT03844113 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Carnosine for Peripheral Vascular Disease |
| NCT04870229 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Carnosine for Peripheral Arterial Disease |
| NCT05549778 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Polaprezinc Treatment for Enzalutamide- or Abiraterone-resistant CRPC |
| NCT00177463 | Not specified | COMPLETED | L-Carnosine for Bipolar I Disorder |
| NCT00721708 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Pharmacokinetics of Carnosine |
| NCT02011100 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Carnosine on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
| NCT02243618 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor and Polaprezinc Combination Therapy for Healing of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcer |
| NCT02686996 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | The Potential of Carnosine Supplementation in Reducing the Cardiometabolic Risk |
| NCT02928250 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Role of Carnosine as an Adjuvant Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy in Pediatrics With Type 1 Diabetes |
| NCT03314987 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity (NEAT Trial) |
| NCT03330470 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Molecular Mediators of Physical Exercise and Carnosine Induced Effects in Patients With Preclinical and Early Stage Neurodegenerative Disease |
| NCT05211817 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Research on Prevention, Intervention and Mechanisms of Obesity and Its Comorbidities |
| NCT05422352 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Role of Carnosine in Combination With Vitamin B Complex in Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients |
| NCT05723939 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Carnosine Supplementation and Cardiovascular Function |
| NCT06678997 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Polaprezinc (Zinc L-carnosine) in Infants With Gastroesophageal Reflux |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
- Diseases: peripheral arterial disease