Cinnarizine
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Also known as 516 MDAplactanAplexalArtateCarecinCerebolanCereparCinaperazineCinarizinaCinarizineCinazynCinnacetCinnageronCinnipirineCorathiemDenapolDimitronEglenFolcodal
Summary
Cinnarizine (CHEMBL43064) is an approved small-molecule histamine antagonist (ATC N07CA02) targeting DRD2 and CACNA1D; indicated across 1 condition.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: N07CA02 (+1 more)
- Targets: 2 (DRD2, CACNA1D)
- Indications: 1 condition
- Clinical trials: 3
- Chemistry: 368.5 Da · C26H28N2
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL43064 |
| Name | Cinnarizine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 1547484 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:31403 |
| ATC | N07CA02, N07CA52 |
| Molecular formula | C26H28N2 |
| Molecular weight | 368.5 |
| InChIKey | DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N |
SMILES: C1CN(CCN1C/C=C/C2=CC=CC=C2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4
IUPAC name: 1-benzhydryl-4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazine
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antiemetic, histamine antagonist, calcium channel blocker, muscarinic antagonist, anti-allergic agent, H1-receptor antagonist, geroprotector.
Also known as: 516 MD, Aplactan, Aplexal, Artate, Carecin, Cerebolan, Cerepar, Cinaperazine, Cinarizina, Cinarizine, Cinazyn, Cinnacet
Patent coverage: 6,031 distinct patent families (16,658 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRD2 | D2 receptor | Antagonist | 7.88 | 0% | P14416 |
| CACNA1D | Cav1.3 | Pore blocker | 5.82 | 0.3% | Q01668 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 45 (assay-derived). Sample: Prelamin-A/C, Inositol monophosphatase 1, Geminin, Endonuclease 4, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B, Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor, Beta-lactamase.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 63 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 87 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMNA | 8.3 | Potency | 5 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_3645341 |
| HRH1 | 8.06 | Ki | 8.62 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707949 |
| SIGMAR1 | 7.77 | Ki | 17 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7710151 |
| SIGMAR1 | 7.4 | IC50 | 40 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7710150 |
| HRH1 | 7.13 | IC50 | 74 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707948 |
| DRD3 | 7.07 | Ki | 86 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705867 |
| ADRA2C | 7.02 | Ki | 95 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705799 |
| HTR2A | 6.99 | Ki | 103 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7708059 |
| CHRM3 | 6.79 | Ki | 162 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707981 |
| ADRA2A | 6.78 | Ki | 167 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705795 |
| KCNH2 | 6.72 | AC50 | 190 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25118801 |
| DRD3 | 6.6 | IC50 | 252 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705866 |
| DRD2 | 6.59 | Ki | 259 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705865 |
| HRH1 | 6.48 | AC50 | 330 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25213172 |
| HTR2A | 6.44 | IC50 | 360 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7708058 |
| SCN1A | 6.36 | IC50 | 440 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_370875 |
| ADRA2A | 6.35 | IC50 | 444 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705794 |
| HTR2B | 6.33 | Ki | 465 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7708061 |
| P15823 | 6.3 | Ki | 502 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705791 |
| CHRM4 | 6.29 | Ki | 510 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707983 |
| CHRM5 | 6.26 | Ki | 545 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707985 |
| ADRA1D | 6.24 | Ki | 573 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705793 |
| SLC6A4 | 6.24 | Ki | 579 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7710149 |
| HTR1A | 6.22 | AC50 | 599.8 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_25165605 |
| CHRM1 | 6.22 | Ki | 605 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707977 |
| P19327 | 6.21 | Ki | 619 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7708055 |
| ADRA2C | 6.19 | IC50 | 652 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7705798 |
| HTR2B | 6.14 | IC50 | 731 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7708060 |
| CHRM3 | 6.12 | IC50 | 762 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707980 |
| CHRM5 | 6.12 | IC50 | 759 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_7707984 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 2 target gene(s): DRD2, CACNA1D.
Top Reactome pathways
13 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Developmental Biology | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Metabolism | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Integration of energy metabolism | 1 | CACNA1D |
| NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Dopamine receptors | 1 | DRD2 |
| Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion | 1 | CACNA1D |
| NCAM1 interactions | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Regulation of insulin secretion | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Axon guidance | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Sensory processing of sound | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Nervous system development | 1 | CACNA1D |
| Sensory Perception | 1 | CACNA1D |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 2 |
| temperature homeostasis | 1 |
| response to hypoxia | 1 |
| response to amphetamine | 1 |
| nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | 1 |
| regulation of heart rate | 1 |
| regulation of sodium ion transport | 1 |
| G protein-coupled receptor internalization | 1 |
| positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation | 1 |
| positive regulation of receptor internalization | 1 |
| intracellular calcium ion homeostasis | 1 |
| autophagy | 1 |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 1 |
| neuron-neuron synaptic transmission | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
1 indication (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4).
The 1 indication record carries no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only); none shown.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 3.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01939093 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Therapeutic Effect of Quetiapine on Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis |
| NCT01198106 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Double-blind Comparison of Scopolamine With Cinnarizin for Prevention of Simulator Sickness |
| NCT05686993 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of a Proposed Cav1.3 Inhibitor in Primary Aldosteronism |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
341 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMIODARONE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| AMLODIPINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| CHLORPROMAZINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| CLOZAPINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| DROPERIDOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| DULOXETINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| HALOPERIDOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| IMIPRAMINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| PALIPERIDONE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| PIMOZIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| QUINIDINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| RISPERIDONE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| SAQUINAVIR | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| SUNITINIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| THIORIDAZINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| VERAPAMIL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| ASTEMIZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| BEPRIDIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| CISAPRIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| SERTINDOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| TERFENADINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| GALLOPAMIL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | CACNA1D, DRD2 |
| CILOSTAZOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| DIAZEPAM | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| DIHYDROERGOTAMINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| DILTIAZEM | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| DOFETILIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| DONEPEZIL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| FLECAINIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| IBUTILIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| LAMIVUDINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| LORATADINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| METHADONE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| MEXILETINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| MITOXANTRONE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| NIFEDIPINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| NILOTINIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| NIMODIPINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| PAROXETINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| PHENYTOIN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| SOLIFENACIN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | CACNA1D |
| ACETOPHENAZINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| AMISULPRIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| AMODIAQUINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| AMOXAPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| AMSACRINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| APOMORPHINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| ARFORMOTEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| ARIPIPRAZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| ARMODAFINIL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| ASENAPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| AZATADINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| AZELASTINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| BAZEDOXIFENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| BENPERIDOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| BENZQUINAMIDE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| BENZTROPINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
| BLONANSERIN | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | DRD2 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: DRD2, CACNA1D
- Drugs: Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Amlodipine, Chlorpromazine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Duloxetine, Haloperidol, Imipramine, Paliperidone, Pimozide, Quinidine, Risperidone, Saquinavir, Sunitinib, Thioridazine, Verapamil, Astemizole, Bepridil, Cisapride, Sertindole, Terfenadine, Cilostazol, Diazepam, Dihydroergotamine, Diltiazem, Dofetilide, Donepezil, Flecainide, Ibutilide, Lamivudine, Loratadine, Methadone, Mexiletine, Mitoxantrone, Nifedipine, Nilotinib, Nimodipine, Paroxetine, Phenytoin, Solifenacin, Acetophenazine, Amisulpride, Amodiaquine, Amoxapine, Amsacrine, Apomorphine, Arformoterol, Aripiprazole, Armodafinil, Asenapine, Azatadine, Azelastine, Bazedoxifene, Benperidol, Benzquinamide, Benztropine, Betamethasone Dipropionate, Blonanserin