Clarithromycin
drugOn this page
Also known as A-56268ABBOTT-56268BiaxinBiaxin xlBiaxin xl pacClarie xlClarithromycin component of prevpacClarithromycin identityClarithromycineClaritromicinaClarosipCyllindClarithromycin extended releaseFebzin xlKlacidKlaricidKlaricid 500Klaricid adultKlaricid i.v.
Summary
Clarithromycin (CHEMBL1741) is an approved small-molecule antibacterial drug (ATC J01FA09); indicated across 52 conditions including chronic bronchitis and sinusitis.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- ATC class: J01FA09
- Indications: 52 conditions
- Clinical trials: 279
- Chemistry: 748 Da · C38H69NO13
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1741 |
| Name | Clarithromycin |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
| FDA approved | yes |
| PubChem CID | 84029 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:3732 |
| ATC | J01FA09 |
| Molecular formula | C38H69NO13 |
| Molecular weight | 748 |
| InChIKey | AGOYDEPGAOXOCK-KCBOHYOISA-N |
SMILES: CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)O)(C)O
IUPAC name: (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-12,13-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-methoxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione
ChEBI definition: The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antibacterial drug, protein synthesis inhibitor.
Also known as: A-56268, ABBOTT-56268, Biaxin, Biaxin xl, Biaxin xl pac, Clarie xl, Clarithromycin, Clarithromycin component of prevpac, Clarithromycin identity, Clarithromycine, Claritromicina, Clarosip
Patent coverage: 16,416 distinct patent families (57,376 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 8 (assay-derived). Sample: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1, Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3, Androgen receptor, GABA-A receptor; anion channel, Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2, Cytochrome P450 3A4, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 7 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 18 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O09028 | 9.19 | Kd | 0.64 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_19447282 |
| SLCO1B1 | 5.51 | IC50 | 3090 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13800620 |
| SLCO1B3 | 5.48 | IC50 | 3311 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13798621 |
| ABCB1 | 5.42 | IC50 | 3800 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_11001419 |
| MAPK1 | 5.4 | Potency | 3981 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_4713598 |
| CYP3A4 | 5.26 | Ki | 5490 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_6075111 |
| ABCB1 | 5.14 | IC50 | 7200 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_11001841 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
52 indications (10 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| chronic bronchitis | 4 | MONDO:0005607 | EFO:0006505 |
| sinusitis | 4 | MONDO:0005961 | EFO:0007486 |
| pneumonia | 4 | MONDO:0005249 | EFO:0003106 |
| duodenal ulcer | 4 | MONDO:0005412 | EFO:0004607 |
| bacterial infectious disease | 4 | MONDO:0005113 | EFO:0000771 |
| otitis media | 4 | MONDO:0005441 | EFO:0004992 |
| maxillary sinusitis | 4 | MONDO:0005842 | EFO:0007361 |
| tonsillitis | 4 | MONDO:0001039 | HP:0011110 |
| pharyngitis | 4 | MONDO:0002258 | MONDO:0002258 |
| Crohn disease | 3 | MONDO:0005011 | EFO:0000384 |
| plasma cell myeloma | 3 | MONDO:0009693 | EFO:0001378 |
| heart disorder | 3 | MONDO:0005267 | EFO:0003777 |
| non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 3 | MONDO:0018908 | EFO:0005952 |
| toxic shock syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0001881 | EFO:0006834 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome | 3 | MONDO:0015265 | EFO:0007183 |
| Mycobacterium avium complex disease | 3 | MONDO:0005866 | EFO:0007386 |
| Helicobacter pylori infectious disease | 3 | MONDO:0006781 | EFO:1000961 |
| bacterial pneumonia | 3 | MONDO:0004652 | EFO:1001272 |
| gastric neoplasm | 3 | MONDO:0021085 | MONDO:0001056 |
| gastritis | 3 | MONDO:0004966 | EFO:0000217 |
| gastric ulcer | 3 | MONDO:0001126 | EFO:0009454 |
| asthma | 3 | MONDO:0004979 | MONDO:0004979 |
| tuberculosis | 3 | MONDO:0018076 | MONDO:0018076 |
| bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 3 | MONDO:0019091 | MONDO:0019091 |
| lymphoma | 2 | MONDO:0005062 | EFO:0000574 |
| periodontitis | 2 | MONDO:0005076 | EFO:0000649 |
| B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 2 | MONDO:0004948 | EFO:0000095 |
| MALT lymphoma | 2 | MONDO:0007650 | EFO:0000191 |
| squamous cell lung carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005097 | EFO:0000708 |
| non-small cell lung carcinoma | 2 | MONDO:0005233 | EFO:0003060 |
| cerebral toxoplasmosis | 2 | MONDO:0005697 | EFO:0007200 |
| pseudomyxoma peritonei | 2 | MONDO:0017048 | EFO:0007456 |
| narcolepsy | 2 | MONDO:0021107 | MONDO:0021107 |
| idiopathic hypersomnia | 2 | MONDO:0018044 | MONDO:0018044 |
| Buruli ulcer disease | 2 | MONDO:0000327 | MONDO:0000327 |
| cystic fibrosis | 2 | MONDO:0009061 | MONDO:0009061 |
| lung disorder | 2 | MONDO:0005275 | EFO:0003818 |
| hypersomnia | 2 | MONDO:0005466 | EFO:0005246 |
| neoplasm | 1 | MONDO:0005070 | EFO:0000616 |
| HIV infectious disease | 1 | MONDO:0005109 | EFO:0000764 |
| venous thromboembolism | 1 | MONDO:0005399 | EFO:0004286 |
| major depressive disorder | 1 | MONDO:0002009 | MONDO:0002009 |
| anovulation | 1 | MONDO:0002775 | MONDO:0002775 |
| Parkinson disease | 1 | MONDO:0005180 | MONDO:0005180 |
| osteomyelitis | 0 | MONDO:0005246 | EFO:0003102 |
7 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 279.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE4 | 74 |
| PHASE1 | 55 |
| Not specified | 52 |
| PHASE3 | 49 |
| PHASE2 | 37 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 7 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 3 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05061732 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Helicobacter Pylori Eradication and Follow-up |
| NCT06168214 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Standard or Short-course Vonoprazan Non-bismuth Triple Therapy or High-dose Dual Therapy Versus Rabeprazole-bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Primary Helicobacter Pylori Eradication |
| NCT06200779 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Tailored Vs. Empirical Helicobacter Pylori Infection Treatment |
| NCT06396078 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Improvement of PPROM Management With Prophylactic Antimicrobial Therapy (iPROMPT) |
| NCT06523764 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Efficacy and Safety of Tegoprazan and Minocycline Dual Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Initial Treatment |
| NCT06804096 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Efficacy and Safety of Faropenem in Bangladeshi Adult Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) |
| NCT07021729 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Comparison of Two Treatment Regimens of Helicobacter Pylori Infection |
| NCT07040839 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Comparison of Omeprazole vs Vonoprazon in Treatment of H Pylori Infection |
| NCT07068607 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Efficacy Comparison of Vonoprazan Combined With Different Antibiotics in Dual Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial |
| NCT00245453 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Outpatient Registry Trial of Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults |
| NCT00297674 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Intravenous Clarithromycin in Septic Syndrome |
| NCT00368342 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Chronic Bronchiolitis or Resistant Asthma? |
| NCT00467571 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children With Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
| NCT00475527 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Helicobacter Pylori and Iron Deficiency: Prevalence of Association and Effect of Therapy |
| NCT00598897 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Use of Clarithromycin and Rifabutin for the Treatment of M. Avium Complex (MAC) Lung Disease |
| NCT00600769 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) |
| NCT00926809 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | H. Pylori Eradication on Healing of Iatrogenic Gastric Ulcer by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection |
| NCT00990405 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and the Safety of Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori in Functional Dyspepsia |
| NCT01207739 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Persistent Lyme Empiric Antibiotic Study Europe |
| NCT01219764 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Trial of Standard vs Half Dose Rabeprazole, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection |
| NCT01273441 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study Comparing Sequential and Concomitant Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in Routine Clinical Practice |
| NCT01326611 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Clarithromycin Treatment in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease in Premature Infants |
| NCT01464060 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | 14-day Quadruple Hybrid vs. Concomitant Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication |
| NCT01506986 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial |
| NCT01607918 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Clarithromycin-based Triple Therapy for 14 Days Versus Sequential Therapy 10 Days in the First Line Therapy |
| NCT01667575 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficiency Study of Clarithromycin and Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy to Treat H.Pylori |
| NCT01887249 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 15-day Sequential Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Korea |
| NCT01922765 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Concomitant Therapy of H. Pylori |
| NCT02175901 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Amoxicillin/Metronidazole Based Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication |
| NCT02296021 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Berberine Quadruple Therapy Versus Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy |
| NCT02466919 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study of Levofloxacin-based Concomitant Therapy for H. Pylori Eradication in Diabetic Patients |
| NCT02552641 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Food Effect on the Eradication Rate of H. Pylori With Triple Therapy With Esomeprazole |
| NCT02633930 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Berberine Quadruple Therapy Versus Clarithromycin Quadruple Therapy |
| NCT02648659 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Pilot Study on Tailored Eradication Therapy According to Clarithromycin Resistance in H.Pylori Patients |
| NCT02693574 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Comparison Efficacy of 14-day Triple Therapy: Clarithromycin vs. Levofloxacin on Eradication of H. Pylori |
| NCT02711176 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Daily Single Dose Triple and Conventional Triple Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Infection |
| NCT02732249 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Clarithromycin Triple Therapy Plus Bismuth for Helicobacter Pylori First-line Treatment |
| NCT02935010 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Tailored Versus Empiric Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment |
| NCT03124420 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Intraluminal Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection |
| NCT03130452 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Study |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 0 clinical and 11 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).
Related Atlas pages
- Diseases: chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, duodenal ulcer, bacterial infectious disease, otitis media, maxillary sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, Crohn disease, plasma cell myeloma, heart disorder, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, toxic shock syndrome, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, Helicobacter pylori infectious disease, bacterial pneumonia, gastric neoplasm, gastritis, gastric ulcer, asthma, tuberculosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia