Clioquinol

Summary

Clioquinol (CHEMBL497) is an approved small-molecule antifungal agent (ATC D09AA10); indicated across 9 conditions including amebiasis and epilepsy.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: D09AA10 (+5 more)
• Indications: 9 conditions
• Clinical trials: 4
• Chemistry: 305.5 Da · C9H5ClINO

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL497
Name	Clioquinol
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	no
PubChem CID	2788
ChEBI	CHEBI:74460
ATC	D09AA10, P01AA02, P01AA52, S02AA05, G01AC02, D08AH30
Molecular formula	C9H5ClINO
Molecular weight	305.5
InChIKey	QCDFBFJGMNKBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1=CC2=C(C(=C(C=C2Cl)I)O)N=C1

IUPAC name: 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol

ChEBI definition: A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): antifungal agent, antineoplastic agent, antimicrobial agent, antibacterial agent, chelator, antiprotozoal drug, copper chelator.

Also known as: Clioquinol, Clioquinol component of nystaform, Iodochlorhydroxyquin, Iodochlorhydroxyquinolone, NSC-3531, NSC-74938, Oralcer, Vioform, clioquinol, SID11112285, SID17389542, SID24715134

Patent coverage: 5,152 distinct patent families (12,977 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 3 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 12,587 (97%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 33 (assay-derived). Sample: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, Microtubule-associated protein tau, Lysine-specific demethylase 4E, Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2, Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma, Survival motor neuron protein, Prelamin-A/C, 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 33 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 63 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
CYP1A2	7.5	AC50	31.62	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_6068621
HIF1A	7.4	Potency	39.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4131821
HIF1A	7.4	Potency	39.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4519344
LMNA	7	Potency	100	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3662758
P51450	6.45	Potency	354.8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4946703
P51450	6.4	Potency	398.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4806746
P51450	6.3	Potency	501.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4110199
TDP1	6.2	Potency	631	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3931619
P51450	6.2	Potency	631	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5008104
ALOX12	6.15	Potency	707.9	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4531256
P51450	6.05	Potency	891.3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4979493
P51450	6	Potency	1000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4085402
HSP90AA1	5.94	AC50	1158	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7457418
MMP14	5.92	Kd	1200	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25094795
ALOX15	5.9	Potency	1259	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4463831
USP2	5.8	Potency	1585	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4727884
USP2	5.7	Potency	1995	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4743869
Q99N23	5.63	Ki	2330	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2172319
SLC6A2	5.55	AC50	2790	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25146179
C7C422	5.52	IC50	3000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25632620
P22734	5.32	IC50	4786	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_14676314
HIF1A	5.3	Potency	5012	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4125848
HIF1A	5.3	Potency	5012	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4520057
TP53	5.3	Potency	5012	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4846439
P0DTC2	5.25	IC50	5600	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_24344746
SMN1	5.25	Potency	5623	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3882444
TDP1	5.25	Potency	5623	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3932071
OPRK1	5.24	IC50	5790	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_5564131
LMNA	5.1	Potency	7943	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_3643770
TP53	5.1	Potency	7943	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_4870400

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

9 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
amebiasis	4	MONDO:0005644	EFO:0007144
epilepsy	2	MONDO:0005027	EFO:0000474
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia	1	MONDO:0004948	EFO:0000095
Hodgkins lymphoma	1	MONDO:0004952	EFO:0000183
myelodysplastic syndrome	1	MONDO:0018881	EFO:0000198
acute myeloid leukemia	1	MONDO:0018874	EFO:0000222
plasma cell myeloma	1	MONDO:0009693	EFO:0001378
non-Hodgkin lymphoma	1	MONDO:0018908	EFO:0005952

1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 4.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	1
PHASE2	1
PHASE1	1
Not specified	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01429701	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Polymyxin B Sulphate + Prednisolone + Benzocaine + Clioquinol in Acute and Sub-acute Dermatitis Eczematous
NCT05727943	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Add-on Clioquinol in Drug-resistant Childhood Epilepsy: an Exploratory Study
NCT00963495	PHASE1	TERMINATED	Study Evaluating the Tolerance and Biological Activity of Oral Clioquinol in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hematological Malignancy
NCT05105139	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Safety of Sebryl® and Sebryl Plus® in Seborrheic Dermatitis and Psoriasis of Scalp

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).