Clobazam

Summary

Clobazam (CHEMBL70418) is an approved small-molecule anticonvulsant (ATC N05BA09); indicated across 11 conditions including anxiety and visual epilepsy.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: N05BA09
• Indications: 11 conditions
• Clinical trials: 16
• Chemistry: 300.74 Da · C16H13ClN2O2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL70418
Name	Clobazam
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	2789
ChEBI	CHEBI:31413
ATC	N05BA09
Molecular formula	C16H13ClN2O2
Molecular weight	300.74
InChIKey	CXOXHMZGEKVPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: CN1C(=O)CC(=O)N(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3

IUPAC name: 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione

ChEBI definition: 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): anticonvulsant, anxiolytic drug, GABA modulator.

Also known as: Clobazam, Colbazam, Frisium, H 4723, H-4723, HR 376, HR-376, LM 2717, LM-2717, Mystan, NSC-336279, Onfi

Patent coverage: 2,637 distinct patent families (10,004 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 9,686 (97%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 3 (assay-derived). Sample: Kappa-type opioid receptor, 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4D, Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 2 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 3 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
P62813	6.52	AC50	300	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25130808
PDE4D	5	AC50	10000	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25185542

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

11 indications (3 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
anxiety	4	MONDO:0011918	EFO:0005230
visual epilepsy	4	MONDO:0001386	HP:0001250
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome	4	MONDO:0016532	MONDO:0016532
dementia	3	MONDO:0001627	HP:0000726
depressive disorder	3	MONDO:0002050	MONDO:0002050
epilepsy	2	MONDO:0005027	EFO:0000474
neuralgia	1	MONDO:0021667	EFO:0005762

4 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 16.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	7
PHASE4	4
PHASE2	2
Not specified	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01932502	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Onfi Conversion Therapy Replacing Clonazepam in Patients With Medically Refractory Epilepsy
NCT02726919	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Clobazam Adjunctive Treatment of Adults With Refractory Focal Epilepsy
NCT03371836	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Use of Clobazam for Epilepsy and Anxiety
NCT05697614	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Benefit and Safety of Older Generation Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Children
NCT01011036	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effects of GABA-a-Agonists on Pain Mechanisms: An Experimental Study in Healthy Volunteers
NCT01160770	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Effectiveness of Open-Label Clobazam in Subjects With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
NCT01179828	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Linking Altered Central Pain Processing and Genetic Polymorphism to Drug Efficacy in Chronic Low Back Pain (Predictio)
NCT02134366	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Clobazam Use in Epilepsia Partialis Continua - Pilot Study
NCT02174094	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Clobazam as Adjunctive Therapy in Paediatric Patients Aged ≥1 to ≤16 Years With Dravet Syndrome
NCT02187809	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Safety and Tolerability of Clobazam as Adjunctive Therapy in Paediatric Patients Aged ≥1 to ≤16 Years With Dravet Syndrome
NCT02374567	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients
NCT01291316	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	GABAergic Modulation in Pain Transmission in Human: Effect of the GABAA Agonist Clobazam on Peripheral and Central Sensitisation
NCT02564952	PHASE2	COMPLETED	An Open-label Extension Study to Investigate Possible Drug-drug Interactions Between Clobazam and Cannabidiol
NCT02565108	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate Possible Drug-drug Interactions Between Clobazam and Cannabidiol
NCT03196466	Not specified	COMPLETED	Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic in Pediatrics
NCT03678129	Not specified	COMPLETED	GABA Pathways in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 4 clinical and 16 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).