Copper
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Also known as Bronze powderC.i. 77400C.i. pigment metalCi 77400Copper powderelementalmetallicCosmetic bronze powder vp-1Cosmetic copper powder vp-1Cu-7Cuprum metallicumParagard t 380aTatum-tCopper(II)
Summary
Copper (CHEMBL55643) is an approved small molecule targeting GLRA1, GLRA2, and GLRA3; indicated across 7 conditions including glioblastoma and breast neoplasm.
At a glance
- Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
- Modality: Small molecule
- Targets: 5 (GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3…)
- Indications: 7 conditions
- Clinical trials: 20
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL55643 |
| Name | Copper |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 4 |
Also known as: Bronze powder, C.i. 77400, C.i. pigment metal, Ci 77400, Copper, Copper powder, elemental, metallic, Cosmetic bronze powder vp-1, Cosmetic copper powder vp-1, Cu-7, Cuprum metallicum
Targets
Targets
Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).
| Gene | Target | Action | pAffinity | Cancer dependency | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLRA1 | glycine receptor α1 subunit | Inhibition | 5.4 | 0.3% | P23415 |
| GLRA2 | glycine receptor α2 subunit | Inhibition | 4.8 | 0.4% | P23416 |
| GLRA3 | glycine receptor α3 subunit | Inhibition | 5 | 0.2% | O75311 |
| TRPA1 | TRPA1 | Activation | 5.89 | 0.1% | O75762 |
| ZACN | ZAC | Agonist | 5.4 | 7% | Q401N2 |
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 1 (assay-derived). Sample: Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 1 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 1 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRPM2 | 5.58 | IC50 | 2600 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_13899836 |
Target pathways
Aggregated over 5 target gene(s): GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3, TRPA1, ZACN.
Top Reactome pathways
2 total, by targets touching each:
| Pathway | Targets | Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission | 3 | GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3 |
| TRP channels | 1 | TRPA1 |
Dominant GO biological processes
| GO term | Targets |
|---|---|
| monoatomic ion transport | 5 |
| monoatomic ion transmembrane transport | 5 |
| chloride transport | 3 |
| chloride transmembrane transport | 3 |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential | 3 |
| neuropeptide signaling pathway | 2 |
| cellular response to amino acid stimulus | 2 |
| cellular response to zinc ion | 2 |
| cellular response to ethanol | 2 |
| startle response | 1 |
| regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process | 1 |
| muscle contraction | 1 |
| acrosome reaction | 1 |
| visual perception | 1 |
| adult walking behavior | 1 |
Indications & clinical
Indications
7 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| glioblastoma | 2 | MONDO:0018177 | EFO:0000519 |
| breast neoplasm | 2 | MONDO:0021100 | MONDO:0007254 |
| Alzheimer disease | 2 | MONDO:0004975 | MONDO:0004975 |
| paraganglioma | 2 | MONDO:0000448 | EFO:1000453 |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 1 | MONDO:0004976 | MONDO:0004976 |
| bacterial vaginosis | 0 | MONDO:0005316 | EFO:0003932 |
1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 20.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 10 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE1 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 1 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00653159 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Maintaining Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) in Teens (MINT): A Randomization Trial |
| NCT02678975 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Disulfiram in Recurrent Glioblastoma |
| NCT01777919 | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Disulfiram/Copper Combination In The Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiform |
| NCT00608946 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Treatment With Copper in Patients With Mild Alzheimer´s Dementia |
| NCT01259050 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety Study of High Doses of Zinc in ALS Patients |
| NCT03034135 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Disulfiram and Copper Gluconate in Recurrent Glioblastoma |
| NCT04265274 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Vinorelbine, Cisplatin, Disulfiram and Copper in CTC_EMT Positive Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer. |
| NCT06736054 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | A Phase I Trial of 61Cu-NODAGA-PSMA for Patients with Prostate Cancer |
| NCT02963051 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | A Phase Ib Study of Intravenous Copper Loading With Oral Disulfiram in Metastatic, Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer |
| NCT03542695 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | 64 Cu-DOTA-alendronate PET Imaging in Localizing and Characterizing Breast Calcifications in Participants Before Undergoing Mastectomy |
| NCT00589264 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Zinc and Biobehavioral Development in Early Childhood |
| NCT00669396 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Copper T380 IUD Versus Oral Levonorgestrel for Emergency Contraception vs. Plan B for Emergency Contraception |
| NCT00966771 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Copper T380A IUD vs. Oral Levonorgestrel for Emergency Contraception |
| NCT01175161 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Postpartum Intrauterine Device Study |
| NCT01240811 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study of Immune Cell Changes in the Genital Tract 2 Months After Initiation of an IUD for Contraception |
| NCT01721798 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Comparison of Two Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) Among Cape Town HIV-positive Women |
| NCT02076217 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Quick Start of Highly Effective Contraception |
| NCT04678817 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Same Day Oral EC and Implant Initiation |
| NCT04775238 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Effect of Metallic Nanoparticles on Nosocomial Bacteria |
| NCT05756998 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | New Method of IUD Insertion During Cesarian Section |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.
Related molecules
Related molecules
Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.
48 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 48 by shared-target count:
| Molecule | Source | Status | Shared targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| DRONABINOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1, TRPA1 |
| ADAPALENE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| CANNABIDIOL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA2 |
| CHOLECALCIFEROL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| CINACALCET | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| DICLOFENAC | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | TRPA1 |
| DISULFIRAM | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | TRPA1 |
| DUTASTERIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| GLYCINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| MEFENAMIC ACID | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | TRPA1 |
| MEFLOQUINE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| PIMOZIDE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| REGORAFENIB | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| RISPERIDONE | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| SULINDAC | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| TELMISARTAN | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| ASTEMIZOLE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| FLUSPIRILENE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | GLRA1 |
| MENTHOL | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | TRPA1 |
| NICOTINE | ChEMBL | Phase 4 (approved) | TRPA1 |
| RESVERATROL | ChEMBL + PubChem | Phase 3 (approved) | TRPA1 |
| CANNABINOL | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | TRPA1 |
| ICILLIN | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | TRPA1 |
| LEVOMENTHOL | ChEMBL | Phase 3 | TRPA1 |
| ALLICIN | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| CANNABIDIVARIN | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| CANNABIGEROL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| CARVACROL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| CHLORDANTOIN | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| FLUFENAMIC ACID | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| FRUCTOSE | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | GLRA1 |
| RG6341 | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| SALIRASIB | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| SANGUINARIUM | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| TETRAHYDROCANNABIVARIN | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| THYMOL | ChEMBL | Phase 2 | TRPA1 |
| .gamma.-aminobutyric acid | PubChem | Approved | GLRA1 |
| Acetaldehyde | PubChem | Approved | TRPA1 |
| Acetylcholine | PubChem | Approved | GLRA1 |
| Caffeine | PubChem | Approved | TRPA1 |
| camphor (synthetic) | PubChem | Approved | TRPA1 |
| Eugenol | PubChem | Approved | TRPA1 |
| menthol, unspecified form | PubChem | Approved | TRPA1 |
| Propofol | PubChem | Approved | GLRA1 |
| Propylene Glycol | PubChem | Approved | TRPA1 |
| Serotonin | PubChem | Approved | GLRA1 |
| Tubocurarine | PubChem | Approved | ZACN |
| Zuranolone | PubChem | Approved | GLRA1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Genes: GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3, TRPA1, ZACN
- Drugs: Dronabinol, Adapalene, Cannabidiol, Cholecalciferol, Cinacalcet, Diclofenac, Disulfiram, Dutasteride, Glycine, Mefenamic Acid, Mefloquine, Pimozide, Regorafenib, Risperidone, Sulindac, Telmisartan, Astemizole, Fluspirilene, Menthol, Nicotine, Resveratrol, Cannabinol, Icillin, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, camphor (synthetic), Propofol, Propylene Glycol, Serotonin, Tubocurarine, Zuranolone