Creatine
drugOn this page
Also known as Cosmocair c 100KreatinumNeotineNSC-8752
Summary
Creatine (CHEMBL283800) is a phase-3 clinical-stage small-molecule neuroprotective agent; indicated across 14 conditions including muscle tissue disorder and major depressive disorder.
At a glance
- Status: Max clinical phase 3 (not approved)
- Modality: Small molecule
- Indications: 14 conditions
- Clinical trials: 75
- Chemistry: 131.13 Da · C4H9N3O2
Identifiers
Drug identity and classification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL283800 |
| Name | Creatine |
| Type | Small molecule |
| Max phase | 3 |
| FDA approved | no |
| PubChem CID | 586 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16919 |
| Molecular formula | C4H9N3O2 |
| Molecular weight | 131.13 |
| InChIKey | CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES: CN(CC(=O)O)C(=N)N
IUPAC name: 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid
ChEBI definition: A glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen.
Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): neuroprotective agent, nutraceutical, geroprotector.
Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): human metabolite, mouse metabolite.
Also known as: Cosmocair c 100, Creatine, Kreatinum, Neotine, NSC-8752, creatine, CREATINE
Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL5275950
Patent coverage: 21,624 distinct patent families (61,777 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.
Targets
Targets
Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 1 (assay-derived). Sample: Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1.
Bioactivity
ChEMBL activities: 1 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 1 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):
| Target | pChembl | Type | Value | Unit | Activity ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLC6A8 | 5.3 | EC50 | 5000 | nM | CHEMBL_ACT_24930854 |
Target pathways
No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).
Indications & clinical
Indications
14 indications (0 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).
| Indication | Trial phase | MONDO | EFO |
|---|---|---|---|
| muscle tissue disorder | 3 | MONDO:0003939 | EFO:0002970 |
| major depressive disorder | 3 | MONDO:0002009 | MONDO:0002009 |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 3 | MONDO:0004976 | MONDO:0004976 |
| Parkinson disease | 3 | MONDO:0005180 | MONDO:0005180 |
| Huntington disease | 3 | MONDO:0007739 | MONDO:0007739 |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | 3 | MONDO:0010679 | MONDO:0010679 |
| metastatic prostate carcinoma | 3 | MONDO:0004956 | EFO:0000196 |
| myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | 2 | MONDO:0005404 | EFO:0004540 |
| peripheral arterial disease | 2 | MONDO:0005386 | EFO:0004265 |
| bipolar disorder | 2 | MONDO:0004985 | MONDO:0004985 |
| multiple sclerosis | 1 | MONDO:0005301 | MONDO:0005301 |
| ulcerative colitis | 0 | MONDO:0005101 | EFO:0000729 |
2 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.
Clinical trials
Total trials: 75.
Phase distribution
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 59 |
| PHASE4 | 5 |
| PHASE3 | 4 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE1 | 2 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06991426 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Effects of CreaSafe® on Kidney, Muscle, and Cardiopulmonary Function in Athletes and COPD Patients |
| NCT01050556 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Folic Acid and Creatine as Therapeutic Approaches for Lowering Blood Arsenic |
| NCT01175616 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Creatine Augmentation in Veterans With SSRI-Resistant Major Depression |
| NCT02134808 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Creatine Augmentation for Adolescent Females With Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder |
| NCT02922725 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Placebo-controlled Trial of 5-hydroxytryptophan and Creatine for SSRI or SNRI Augmentation in Treatment Resistant Depression in Females |
| NCT07372144 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Creatine and Cognitive Health in Patients With Early-stage Breast Cancer During and After Chemotherapy Treatment |
| NCT00140192 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Creatine Treatment in Psychiatric Disorders |
| NCT00449865 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | NET-PD LS-1 Creatine in Parkinson’s Disease |
| NCT02188849 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Mass and Function Among Older Women Subjected to Resistance Training |
| NCT00005674 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Clinical Trial of Creatine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [ALS] |
| NCT00026988 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Creatine Therapy for Huntington’s Disease |
| NCT00063193 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Parkinson’s Disease Neuroprotection Trial |
| NCT00355576 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Combination Therapy Selection Trial in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| NCT01257581 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy Study of Creatine and Tamoxifen in Volunteers With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
| NCT01381354 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Nutrition, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) |
| NCT02058654 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Clinical Study to Investigate the Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Energetics and Cognitive Function in Young Healthy Male Athletes and an Ageing Population |
| NCT02374112 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Creatine Supplementation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome |
| NCT05878106 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training in Patients With Breast Cancer |
| NCT06208813 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Creatine Supplementation in Concussion Recovery |
| NCT06395506 | Not specified | RECRUITING | THRIVE Well Cancer FDTN/Exercise_Creatine Supplementation |
| NCT06489587 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Creatine Supplementation At Simulated Altitude |
| NCT06495567 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Proof of Concept Creatine Supplementation for Homocystinuria Study |
| NCT06604793 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Creatine Supplementation in Young Healthy Adults |
| NCT06675708 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Effectiveness of Creatine on Pain, Fatigue, and Muscle Architectural Variables in Patients Witg Fibromyalgia. |
| NCT06677359 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Impact of Creatine Monohydrate Micronized Supplementation With or Without Multicomponent Training in Older Adults. |
| NCT07029243 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Prehab and Creatine/Whey Supplementation in Frailty Among Patients With Cirrhosis |
| NCT07343999 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | EFICAC-TTR Trial: Exercise and Nutritional Supplementation in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis |
| NCT00348933 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Dietary Supplements for the Treatment of Angelman Syndrome |
| NCT00465140 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Renal Function |
| NCT00551434 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Creatine and L-Arginine on Endothelial Function |
| NCT00605930 | Not specified | COMPLETED | A Pilot Clinical Trial of Pyruvate, Creatine, and Niacinamide in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. |
| NCT00749983 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Creatine Supplementation in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis and Fibromyalgia |
| NCT00797407 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effectiveness of Creatine in Preventing Muscle Aching From Cholesterol-Lowering Statin Drugs |
| NCT00992043 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Creatine Supplementation and Diabetes |
| NCT01025518 | Not specified | COMPLETED | DAHANCA 25A: Resistance Training and Dietary Supplements as Intervention for Regaining Muscle Mass Following Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients |
| NCT01163370 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Creatine Supplementation and Bone Mass |
| NCT01164020 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Creatine Supplementation and Cognition |
| NCT01213719 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Strength and Muscle Creatine Content |
| NCT01217320 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Creatine Supplementation in Pediatric Rheumatology |
| NCT01472393 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Creatine on Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women |
Clinical evidence (CIViC)
No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).
Pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 1 clinical and 2 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).
Related molecules
Related molecules
No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).