Diclofenac

Summary

Diclofenac (CHEMBL139) is an approved small-molecule non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ATC M01AB55) targeting SLC36A1, PTGS1, and PTGS2; indicated across 34 conditions including eye disorder and rheumatoid arthritis.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: M01AB55 (+4 more)
• Targets: 6 (SLC36A1, PTGS1, PTGS2…)
• Indications: 34 conditions
• Clinical trials: 227
• Chemistry: 296.1 Da · C14H11Cl2NO2

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL139
Name	Diclofenac
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	3033
ChEBI	CHEBI:47381
ATC	M01AB55, S01BC03, D11AX18, M01AB05, M02AA15
Molecular formula	C14H11Cl2NO2
Molecular weight	296.1
InChIKey	DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CC(=O)O)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl

IUPAC name: 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetic acid

ChEBI definition: A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic, EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, drug allergen.

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): xenobiotic, environmental contaminant.

Also known as: Arthrotec, Diclofenac, Diclofenac acid, Diclofenac free acid, Diclofenaco, LAS-41007, Las41007, LAS41007, Voltaren ophthalmic, Voltaren xr, Zorvolex, Zorvolex capsules

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1034, CHEMBL1200804, CHEMBL1201180, CHEMBL3350449

Patent coverage: 36,351 distinct patent families (125,009 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 2 matched compound structure(s). One matched structure accounts for 123,829 (99%) of the total. Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
SLC36A1	Proton-coupled Amino acid Transporter 1	Inhibition	3.57	0.2%	Q7Z2H8
PTGS1	COX-1	Inhibition	7.92	0%	P23219
PTGS2	COX-2	Inhibition	7.7	0%	P35354
TRPM3	TRPM3		5.2	0.1%	Q9HCF6
PPARG	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ	Antagonist	6.2	2.6%	P37231
ASIC3	ASIC3		4	0%	Q9UHC3

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 29 (assay-derived). Sample: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, Solute carrier family 22 member 6, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10, Bile acid receptor, Cyclooxygenase, Interleukin-8, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 85 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 105 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
PTGS1	8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_10908202
O62664	8.52	IC50	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2392921
PTGS2	8.3	IC50	5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_10908208
PTGS2	8.3	IC50	5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1610386
CXCL8	8.1	IC50	8	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2695366
PTGS2	8	IC50	10	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2392946
PTGS1	7.92	IC50	12	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2065658
PTGS1	7.92	IC50	12	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2372341
PTGS1	7.92	IC50	12	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2390352
CXCR1	7.92	IC50	12	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2695394
PTGS1	7.89	IC50	13	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7681233
PTGS1	7.82	IC50	15	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2573359
PTGS2	7.7	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13862298
PTGS2	7.7	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_16596068
PTGS2	7.7	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_20631474
PTGS2	7.7	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2069744
PTGS2	7.7	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_24355180
PTGS2	7.7	IC50	20	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_28834775
PTGS1	7.68	AC50	20.7	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25205173
Q05769	7.66	IC50	22	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2128847
Q05769	7.66	IC50	22	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2128900
PTGS1	7.63	AC50	23.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25206106
PTGS2	7.58	IC50	26	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1610387
PTGS2	7.55	IC50	28	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2128876
Q05769	7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13487855
PTGS1	7.52	IC50	30	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_2326107
Q63921	7.5	AC50	31.4	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25174168
PTGS2	7.43	IC50	37	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_7681235
PTGS2	7.3	IC50	50	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1082118
PTGS2	7.3	IC50	50	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_18204568

Target pathways

Aggregated over 6 target gene(s): SLC36A1, PTGS1, PTGS2, TRPM3, PPARG, ASIC3.

Top Reactome pathways

25 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)	2	PTGS1, PTGS2
Transport of small molecules	2	ASIC3, SLC36A1
COX reactions	1	PTGS1
PPARA activates gene expression	1	PPARG
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives	1	PTGS2
Stimuli-sensing channels	1	ASIC3
TRP channels	1	TRPM3
Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane	1	SLC36A1
Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation	1	PPARG
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway	1	PPARG
SUMOylation of intracellular receptors	1	PPARG
R-HSA-425393	1	SLC36A1
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport	1	SLC36A1
Proton-coupled neutral amino acid transporters	1	SLC36A1
Interleukin-10 signaling	1	PTGS2
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling	1	PTGS2
Regulation of PTEN gene transcription	1	PPARG
Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs	1	PTGS2
Biosynthesis of EPA-derived SPMs	1	PTGS2
MECP2 regulates transcription factors	1	PPARG
Biosynthesis of DPAn-3 SPMs	1	PTGS2
Biosynthesis of electrophilic ω-3 PUFA oxo-derivatives	1	PTGS2
Ion channel transport	1	ASIC3
MLL4 and MLL3 complexes regulate expression of PPARG target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis	1	PPARG
Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation by EBF2	1	PPARG

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
monoatomic ion transport	3
regulation of blood pressure	3
fatty acid metabolic process	3
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	2
response to oxidative stress	2
cyclooxygenase pathway	2
regulation of cell population proliferation	2
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	2
lipid metabolic process	2
fatty acid biosynthetic process	2
prostaglandin metabolic process	2
prostanoid biosynthetic process	2
cellular oxidant detoxification	2
brown fat cell differentiation	2
cellular response to hypoxia	2

Indications & clinical

Indications

34 indications (14 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
eye disorder	4	MONDO:0005328	EFO:0005752
rheumatoid arthritis	4	MONDO:0008383	EFO:0000685
rheumatic disorder	4	MONDO:0005554	EFO:0005755
actinic keratosis	4	MONDO:0005173	EFO:0002496
keratosis	4	MONDO:0006566	EFO:1000720
cataract	4	MONDO:0005129	MONDO:0005129
osteoarthritis	4	MONDO:0005178	MONDO:0005178
migraine disorder	4	MONDO:0005277	MONDO:0005277
osteoarthritis, knee	3	MONDO:0005416	EFO:0004616
ankylosing spondylitis	3	MONDO:0005306	EFO:0003898
infertility disorder	3	MONDO:0005047	EFO:0000545
osteoarthritis, hip	3	MONDO:0006629	EFO:1000786
gastric ulcer	3	MONDO:0001126	EFO:0009454
basal cell carcinoma	2	MONDO:0020804	EFO:0004193
pulmonary embolism	2	MONDO:0005279	EFO:0003827
carcinoma	2	MONDO:0004993	EFO:0000313
injury	2	MONDO:0021178	EFO:0000546
bile duct disorder	2	MONDO:0002887	MONDO:0002887
neoplasm	1	MONDO:0005070	EFO:0000616
periodontitis	1	MONDO:0005076	EFO:0000649
depressive disorder	1	MONDO:0002050	MONDO:0002050
bone fracture	1	MONDO:0005315	EFO:0003931
pancreatitis	1	MONDO:0004982	EFO:0000278
alcohol abuse	0	MONDO:0002046	MONDO:0007079

10 further indication records had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 227.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	64
Not specified	60
PHASE3	47
PHASE1	22
PHASE2	21
PHASE2/PHASE3	5
PHASE1/PHASE2	5
EARLY_PHASE1	3

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03781544	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Effects of Opioids and NSAIDs on Sympathetic Nervous System and Vascular Function
NCT05387525	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Study of Tirbanibulin Ointment and Diclofenac Sodium Gel for the Treatment of Adult Participants With Actinic Keratosis on the Face or Scalp
NCT06373978	PHASE4	RECRUITING	NonNarcotic Pain Control in Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy of Elbow
NCT06918340	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Evaluation of Analgesic Efficacy of Lidocaine and Diclofenac Spray in Radial Artery Blood Gas Sampling by Visual Analogue Scale and Perfusion Index
NCT00141102	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Of Celecoxib Or Diclofenac And Omeprazole For Gastrointestinal (GI) Safety In High GI Risk Patients With Arthritis
NCT00174317	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Celecoxib Versus Diclofenac In The Treatment Of Osteoarthritis Of The Hip
NCT00204542	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Solaraze for 3 Versus 6 Months in Patients With Mild to Moderate Actinic Keratosis Located on the Face and Head
NCT00247052	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Treatment for Post Operative Pericardial Effusion
NCT00428025	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Diclofenac for the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis in Higher Risk Patients
NCT00447759	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial
NCT00491192	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Normothermia in Patients With Acute Cerebral Damage
NCT00568217	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antipyretics for Preventing Recurrences of Febrile Seizures
NCT00595543	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema: Bromfenac 0.09% Versus Diclofenac Sodium 0.1% Versus Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.5%
NCT00640432	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety And Efficacy Of Celecoxib Versus Sodium Diclofenac In The Treatment Of Acute Low Back Pain
NCT00649610	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Valdecoxib 40 mg Once Daily Compared With Diclofenac 75 mg Twice Daily in Acute Low Back Pain
NCT00650598	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomised Study of the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Valdecoxib Compared to Diclofenac Sodium in Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction
NCT00671320	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study To Compare The Efficacy And Tolerability Of Valdecoxib And Diclofenac In Patients With A Sprained Ankle
NCT00766402	PHASE4	TERMINATED	An Efficacy and Safety Study of Tramadol/Acetaminophen Versus Diclofenac in the Treatment of Pain in Participants With Ankylosing Spondylitis Receiving Stable Treatment of Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
NCT00777127	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Long-term Effects of Imiquimod and Diclofenac in Actinic Keratoses
NCT00792376	PHASE4	COMPLETED	NSAIDs in Acute Achilles Tendinopathy: Effect on Pain Control, Leg Stiffness and Functional Recovery in Athletes
NCT00800527	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Chest Pain and Paresthesia in Patients With Sternotomy
NCT00801528	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Diclofenac vs. Ropivacaine for Cesarean Section
NCT00894790	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Celecoxib Efficacy And Safety Versus Diclofenac In Acute Pain Due To Cervical Sprain Related To A Traffic Accident
NCT01039545	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Symptomatic Therapy of Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections in the Ambulatory Setting.
NCT01067430	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of the Effect of Etoricoxib and Diclofenac on Early Morning Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
NCT01190722	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	A Study Comparing Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Sodium in Post Hallux Valgus Surgery Pain
NCT01453179	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Long-term Effects of Imiquimod and Diclofenac in Actinic Keratoses (LEIDA 2)
NCT01454791	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel to Reduce Injection Site Discomfort in Patients Taking Glatiramer Acetate
NCT01458600	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Adjuvant Treatment of Graves´ Ophthalmopathy With NSAID (aGO Study)
NCT01860833	PHASE4	COMPLETED	NSAID Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis
NCT01907984	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Diclofenac Administered Before Skull Operations Reduces the Severity of Headache After the Intervention
NCT02132247	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety Study of Flector Patch in Children With Minor Soft Tissue Injuries
NCT02181920	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Metamizol for the Treatment of Neoplastic Chronic Pain
NCT02183129	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam vs. Diclofenac SR in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
NCT02187614	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Different Analgesic Options in Kidney Stone Pain Management
NCT02229747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Suspension Versus Diclofenac Suspension or Nimesulide Suspension in Patients With a Diagnosis of Acute, Non-bacterial Pharyngitis, Pharyngotonsillitis or Laryngitis
NCT02287376	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics & Safety of Cambia® in Migraine With or Without Aura in 12-17 Year Olds
NCT02406014	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Ingenol Mebutate Gel 0.015% Compared to Diclofenac Sodium Gel 3% in Subjects With Actinic Keratoses on the Face or Scalp
NCT02445599	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Diclofenac Premedication, as the Effect of Preemptive Analgesia After Post-thoracotomy Chest and Shoulder Pain
NCT02528201	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Of Celecoxib Versus Diclofenac In Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

PharmGKB dosing guidelines (2) — CPIC / DPWG genotype-guided dosing for this drug (drug × pharmacogene):

Guideline	Source	Gene(s)	Dosing	Recommendation
Annotation of CPIC Guideline for diclofenac, ibuprofen and CYP2C8	CPIC	CYP2C8
Annotation of CPIC Guideline for aceclofenac, aspirin, diclofenac, dip	CPIC	CYP2C9

PharmGKB also curates 7 clinical and 53 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

478 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
ASPIRIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	ASIC3, PTGS1, PTGS2
MEFENAMIC ACID	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2, TRPM3
INDOMETHACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS1, PTGS2
LUMIRACOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS1, PTGS2
TROGLITAZONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS1, PTGS2
RESVERATROL	ChEMBL	Phase 3	PPARG, PTGS1, PTGS2
Cycloserine	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, SLC36A1
cysteine	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, SLC36A1
Fulvestrant	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
Pioglitazone	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, TRPM3
Rosiglitazone	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, TRPM3
3,3’,4’,5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
ACEMETACIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
BROMFENAC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
CANNABIDIOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
CAPSAICIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
CAPTOPRIL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
CARPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
CELECOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
CIANIDANOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
DEXIBUPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
DEXKETOPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
DOXORUBICIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
ESFLURBIPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
ETODOLAC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
ETORICOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
FLURBIPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
GLAFENINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
HEXACHLOROPHENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
IBUPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
KETOPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
KETOROLAC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
LASOFOXIFENE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
LEVODOPA	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
LEVOTHYROXINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
LOXOPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
MASOPROCOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
MECLOFENAMIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
MELOXICAM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
MOFEZOLAC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
MONOBENZONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
NAPROXEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
NIMESULIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
OMADACYCLINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
OXAPROZIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
PIROXICAM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
PRIMAQUINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
RANITIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
ROFECOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
SELINEXOR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
SULINDAC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
SUPROFEN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
TEGASEROD	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
TELOTRISTAT	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
TIPRANAVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PPARG, PTGS2
TOLMETIN	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
VALDECOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2
VORTIOXETINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGS1, PTGS2