Dimethyl Fumarate

Summary

Dimethyl Fumarate (CHEMBL2107333) is an approved small-molecule immunomodulator (ATC L04AX07); indicated across 15 conditions including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: L04AX07
• Indications: 15 conditions
• Clinical trials: 81
• Chemistry: 144.12 Da · C6H8O4

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL2107333
Name	Dimethyl Fumarate
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	637568
ChEBI	CHEBI:76004
ATC	L04AX07
Molecular formula	C6H8O4
Molecular weight	144.12
InChIKey	LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N

SMILES: COC(=O)/C=C/C(=O)OC

IUPAC name: dimethyl (E)-but-2-enedioate

ChEBI definition: An enoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Used for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): immunomodulator, antipsoriatic.

Also known as: AZL 0 211089, AZL O 211089, AZL-0211089, AZL-O-211089, BG 00012, BG 12, BG-00012, BG-12, BG00012, Dimethyl fumar, Dimethyl fumarate, Dimethyl fumarate accord

Patent coverage: 8,366 distinct patent families (22,969 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 4 (assay-derived). Sample: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Keap1/Nrf2, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1, Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 4 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 5 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
HCAR2	6.89	IC50	130	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25729881
KEAP1	5.29	EC50	5110	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_18895243
NFE2L2	5.29	EC50	5114	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25653678
NFE2L2	5.1	EC50	7930	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_25729853

Target pathways

No target-pathway data for this drug (no mapped target genes).

Indications & clinical

Indications

15 indications (4 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis	4	MONDO:0005314	EFO:0003929
psoriasis	4	MONDO:0005083	EFO:0000676
immune system disorder	4	MONDO:0005046	EFO:0000540
multiple sclerosis	4	MONDO:0005301	MONDO:0005301
chronic progressive multiple sclerosis	3	MONDO:0005284	EFO:0003840
primary progressive multiple sclerosis	3	MONDO:0000451	EFO:0008520
severe acute respiratory syndrome	3	MONDO:0005091	EFO:0000694
primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma	2	MONDO:0000607	EFO:0002913
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome	2	MONDO:0007147	EFO:0003918
rheumatoid arthritis	2	MONDO:0008383	EFO:0000685
psoriatic arthritis	2	MONDO:0011849	EFO:0003778
intracerebral hemorrhage	2	MONDO:0013792	EFO:0005669
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia	1	MONDO:0004948	EFO:0000095
gliosarcoma	1	MONDO:0016681	EFO:1001465

1 further indication record had no mapped disease name (EFO/MeSH-only) or were duplicates, and are omitted.

Clinical trials

Total trials: 81.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	19
Not specified	19
PHASE4	17
PHASE2	14
PHASE1	8
PHASE1/PHASE2	3
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01873417	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Phase 4 Gastrointestinal Tolerability Study of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis in the United States
NCT01930708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tecfidera (Dimethyl Fumarate) on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Disease Activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes
NCT02090348	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Study to Evaluate Fatigue in Participants With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis When Treated With Dimethyl Fumarate
NCT02090413	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Phase 4 Study of Effect of Aspirin on Flushing in Dimethyl Fumarate-Treated Participants With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
NCT02125604	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Gastrointestinal Tolerability Study Of Dimethyl Fumarate In Participants With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis In Germany
NCT02343159	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Study to Evaluate Whether a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) Can Improve Adherence to Tecfidera Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
NCT02410278	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Montelukast on Gastrointestinal Tolerability in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Tecfidera
NCT02461069	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Investigation of the Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate on T Cells in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
NCT02471560	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Tecfidera and the Gut Microbiota
NCT02472938	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Study to Explore the Onset of Efficacy on Magnetic Resonance Disease Activity of BG00012 (Dimethyl Fumarate) in Patients With Relapsing remitTing Multiple Sclerosis
NCT02675413	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Mechanisms of Action of Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera) in Relapsing MS
NCT02739542	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessment of Tecfidera® in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS)
NCT02901106	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Monitoring of Patients Followed for a Multiple Sclerosis and Treated by Dimethyl-fumarate
NCT03092544	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Investigating Indirect Mechanism of Neuroprotection of Tecfidera® (Dimethyl Fumarate) in RRMS and Progressive Patients
NCT03345940	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Fingolimod Versus Dimethyl-fumarate in Multiple Sclerosis
NCT05658484	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) in Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Participants in China
NCT05959759	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment for Intracranial Unruptured Aneurysms.
NCT04381936	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy
NCT06513533	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Dimethyl Fumarate in Adrenomyeloneuropathy
NCT07483632	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	A Study to Learn About the Safety of Diroximel Fumarate (DRF) and Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) and Their Effects on Relapses in Pediatric Participants With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)
NCT00420212	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Oral BG00012 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
NCT00451451	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Oral BG00012 With Active Reference in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
NCT00835770	PHASE3	COMPLETED	BG00012 Monotherapy Safety and Efficacy Extension Study in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
NCT01568112	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Aspirin Pretreatment or Slow Dose Titration on Flushing and Gastrointestinal Events in Healthy Volunteers Receiving Delayed-release Dimethyl Fumarate
NCT01726933	PHASE3	COMPLETED	LAS41008 in Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
NCT01815723	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy Study on Dimethyl Fumarate to Treat Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
NCT01838668	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Efficacy and Safety Study of BG00012 (Dimethyl Fumarate) in Asian Subjects With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
NCT02283853	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study of BG00012 in Pediatric Participants With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
NCT02428218	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BG00012 in Pediatric Subjects With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
NCT02428231	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Tecfidera Slow-Titration Study
NCT02430532	PHASE3	TERMINATED	BG00012 and Delay of Disability Progression in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
NCT02525874	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of BG00012 on Lymphocyte Subsets and Immunoglobulins in Subjects With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).
NCT02555215	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Extension Study of BG00012 in Pediatric Subjects With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
NCT02579681	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study Assessing Cognition in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients Treated With BG00012
NCT02746744	PHASE3	COMPLETED	RItuximab Versus FUmarate in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis.
NCT03093324	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Tolerability Study of ALKS 8700 in Subjects With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) EVOLVE-MS-2
NCT03870763	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera) and Peginterferon Beta-1a (Plegridy) for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Pediatric Participants
NCT06850597	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate Among Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
NCT00168701	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of BG00012 in MS
NCT00810836	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of BG00012 With Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline, but PharmGKB curates 1 clinical and 1 variant annotation(s) for this drug (gene-keyed; see PharmGKB).

Related molecules

Related molecules

No competitor molecules sharing a primary target (ChEMBL phase ≥2 or PubChem drug-class).