Dorzolamide

Summary

Dorzolamide (CHEMBL218490) is an approved small-molecule EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor (ATC S01EC03) targeting CA1, CA14, and CA12; indicated across 5 conditions including glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: S01EC03
• Targets: 4 (CA1, CA14, CA12…)
• Indications: 5 conditions
• Clinical trials: 43
• Chemistry: 324.4 Da · C10H16N2O4S3

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL218490
Name	Dorzolamide
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	5284549
ChEBI	CHEBI:4702
ATC	S01EC03
Molecular formula	C10H16N2O4S3
Molecular weight	324.4
InChIKey	IAVUPMFITXYVAF-XPUUQOCRSA-N

SMILES: CCN[C@H]1C[C@@H](S(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=C(S2)S(=O)(=O)N)C

IUPAC name: (4S,6S)-4-(ethylamino)-6-methyl-7,7-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide

ChEBI definition: 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Pharmacological roles (ChEBI): EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor, antihypertensive agent, antiglaucoma drug.

Also known as: Dorzant, Dorzolamida, Dorzolamide, Dorzolamide, trans-(-)-, Trusopt, dorzolamide, ets, SID174006873, DORZOLAMIDE, Dorzolamide HCL

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL1201162

Patent coverage: 2,512 distinct patent families (10,216 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
CA1	carbonic anhydrase 1	Inhibition	4.3	0%	P00915
CA14	carbonic anhydrase 14	Inhibition	7.82	0%	Q9ULX7
CA12	carbonic anhydrase 12	Inhibition	8.46	0.2%	O43570
CA7	carbonic anhydrase 7	Inhibition	8.46	1.6%	P43166

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 23 (assay-derived). Sample: Androgen receptor, Carbonic anhydrase 2, Carbonic anhydrase 13, Carbonic anhydrase 7, Carbonic anhydrase 1, Carbonic anhydrase 4, Carbonic anhydrase 3, Carbonic anhydrase 6, Androgen receptor, Carbonic anhydrase 12.

Bioactivity

ChEMBL activities: 233 potent at pChembl ≥ 5 of 297 total. Top 30 by potency (10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM):

Target	pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Activity ID
CA2	10.37	Kd	0.04	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15212972
CA2	9.74	IC50	0.18	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_631984
CA2	9.74	IC50	0.18	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_90722
CA2	9.7	Ki	0.2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_12660308
CA2	9.64	IC50	0.23	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1123762
CA2	9.55	Ki	0.28	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_631985
CA2	9.43	Ki	0.37	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1109412
CA2	9.43	Ki	0.37	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1123763
CA2	9.43	Ki	0.37	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_90721
CA2	8.96	IC50	1.1	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1109409
CA2	8.7	Ki	2	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1109410
CA12	8.52	Ki	3	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15239133
CA7	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13407600
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13440643
CA7	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13440685
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13515554
CA7	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13515556
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_13910694
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1425466
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1426812
CA7	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1435966
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1437684
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_15704438
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1666722
CA7	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1780649
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1780652
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_18377817
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19201950
CA7	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_19261520
CA12	8.46	Ki	3.5	nM	CHEMBL_ACT_1946643

Target pathways

Aggregated over 4 target gene(s): CA1, CA14, CA12, CA7.

Top Reactome pathways

12 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Metabolism	4	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide	4	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen	1	CA1
Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide	1	CA1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	1	CA1
O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes	1	CA1
Immune System	1	CA1
Transport of small molecules	1	CA1
Interleukin-12 family signaling	1	CA1
Signaling by Interleukins	1	CA1
Gene and protein expression by JAK-STAT signaling after Interleukin-12 stimulation	1	CA1
Interleukin-12 signaling	1	CA1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
response to fructose	1
estrous cycle	1
chloride ion homeostasis	1
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	1
obsolete positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	1
regulation of intracellular pH	1
neuron cellular homeostasis	1
regulation of chloride transport	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

5 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
glaucoma	4	MONDO:0005041	MONDO:0005041
open-angle glaucoma	3	MONDO:0005338	EFO:0004190
ocular hypertension	3	MONDO:0006875	EFO:1001069
wet macular degeneration	2	MONDO:0005417	EFO:0004683
age-related macular degeneration	2	MONDO:0005150	EFO:0001365

Clinical trials

Total trials: 43.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	20
Not specified	10
PHASE3	9
PHASE2/PHASE3	2
PHASE2	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00273429	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cosopt Versus Xalatan
NCT00273442	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessing Cosopt Switch Patients
NCT00273455	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Lumigan Versus Cosopt
NCT00273481	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cosopt Versus Xalacom
NCT00348400	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Brimonidine Purite 0.15% Versus Dorzolamide 2% Used as Adjunctive Therapy to Latanoprost
NCT00397241	PHASE4	COMPLETED	24-hour Study of Dorzolamide/Timolol and Latanoprost/Timolol Fixed Combinations
NCT00471380	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Phase IV Study of Travoprost + Brinzolamide to Treat Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00545064	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dry Eye Study With Cosopt® Over 8 Weeks in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension (0507A-152)(COMPLETED)
NCT00675207	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Brimonidine Purite, Dorzolamide, and Brinzolamide as Adjunctive Therapy to Prostaglandin Analogs
NCT00822055	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of the Fixed Combinations of Brimonidine/Timolol and Dorzolamide/Timolol in Subjects With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00822081	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of the Fixed Combinations of Brimonidine/Timolol and Dorzolamide/Timolol in Subjects With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00869141	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Earlier Intraocular Pressure Control After Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation for Glaucoma
NCT00972257	PHASE4	COMPLETED	24-hr Intraocular Pressure Control With Dorzolamide/Timolol vs the Brimonidine/Timolol Fixed Combination
NCT01340014	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patient Preference Comparison of AZARGA Versus COSOPT
NCT01471158	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patient Preference Comparison of AZARGA Versus COSOPT in Patients With Glaucoma
NCT02053298	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Impact of Timolol/Dorzolamide Therapy on Autoregulation in Glaucoma Patients
NCT02325518	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Intraocular Pressure (IOP)-Lowering Efficacy and Safety of AZORGA® Ophthalmic Suspension and COSOPT® Ophthalmic Solution
NCT04676126	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Augmented Macular Pigment-containing Nutraceutical and Central Visual Function
NCT05857267	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dorzolamide+Timolol Multidose Preservative-free vs Dorzolamida+Timolol BAK Preserved Efficacy and Safety
NCT06369077	PHASE4	TERMINATED	How Much Does Reduced Dosing of Latanoprost and Dorzolamide-timolol Affect Pressure?
NCT00314171	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of a Glaucoma Therapy to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00333125	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of Glaucoma Therapy to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT00449956	PHASE3	COMPLETED	MK0507A Clinical Study in Patients With Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (0507A-149)(COMPLETED)
NCT00546286	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Cosopt® as First Line Therapy (MK-0507A-153)
NCT00576342	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Patient Preference Study
NCT00878917	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Equivalence Study of Dorzolamide 2% Eye Drops Solution
NCT00991822	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Comparison of the Effect of Dorzolamide and Timolol on Optic Disk Blood Flow in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma
NCT01284166	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Safety and Efficacy of Triple Combination Therapy With Dorzolamide Hydrochloride / Brimonidine Tartrate / Timolol Ophthalmic Solution in Patients With Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
NCT02390284	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Stop Retinal Ganglion Cell Dysfunction Study
NCT05083689	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Combined Intravitreal Bevacizumab With Topical Timolol-Dorzolamide Eye Drops in Diabetic Macular Edema
NCT05973305	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparative Study of Dorzol Eye Drops, 20 mg/ml Versus Trusopt® Eye Drops, 20 mg/ml
NCT00572936	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Circadian Rhythms of Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Humans
NCT01527682	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Topically Applied Medical Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Glaucoma
NCT00152932	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Ocular Blood Flow in Early Glaucoma Patients Before and After Treatment With Dorzolamide
NCT00275756	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	Effects of Common Topical Glaucoma Therapy on Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Autoregulation During Increased Arterial Blood Pressure and Artificially Elevated Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Humans
NCT00619034	Not specified	COMPLETED	Pharmacological Intervention in Diabetic Retinopathy
NCT00815373	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	The Effects of Cosopt® Vs Xalacom® on Ocular Hemodynamics and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma (POAG)
NCT00824824	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Cosopt Versus Combigan on Retinal Vascular Autoregulation in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
NCT01175902	Not specified	COMPLETED	Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion Pressure of Cosopt in Normal Tension Glaucoma
NCT01257698	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Topical Aqueous Suppressants on Intraocular Gas Duration Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

85 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 60 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ACETAZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CELECOXIB	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CHLORTHALIDONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
COUMARIN	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
DICHLORPHENAMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
DOBUTAMINE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
FUROSEMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
LACOSAMIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SALICYLIC ACID	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
BORTEZOMIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
BRINZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ETHOXZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
FAMOTIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
IMATINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
INDAPAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
LEVETIRACETAM	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
MAFENIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
METHAZOLAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
NILOTINIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SULFANILAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
TOPIRAMATE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
TRIENTINE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
VALDECOXIB	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
VERALIPRIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ZONISAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CAFFEIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CURCUMIN	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
QUERCETIN	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
RESVERATROL	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SACCHARIN	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SPERMIDINE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
CARZENIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
COUMAPHOS	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
ELLAGIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
GALLIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
INDISULAM	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
IROSUSTAT	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
PCI-27483	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
SONEPIPRAZOLE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14, CA7
HYDROQUINONE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14
PHENOL	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA14
PYRITHIONE ZINC	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA12, CA14, CA7
SULPIRIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12, CA7
P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12, CA7
THIMEROSAL	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA12, CA14, CA7
SODIUM CYCLAMATE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA14, CA7
SULFASUCCINAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12, CA14
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA14
PAZOPANIB	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA12
SULTHIAME	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA1, CA7
ZOLEDRONIC ACID	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	CA12, CA14
PRITELIVIR	ChEMBL	Phase 3	CA1, CA12
BENZYLSULFAMIDE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12
DAIDZEIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA7
DITIOCARB	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12
FLAVONE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA1, CA12
ISOQUERCETIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA7
LUTEOLIN	ChEMBL	Phase 2	CA12, CA7