Epoprostenol

Summary

Epoprostenol (CHEMBL1139) is an approved small molecule (ATC B01AC09) targeting PTGER1, PTGER4, and PTGIR; indicated across 7 conditions including thrombotic disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

At a glance

• Status: Approved (max clinical phase 4)
• Modality: Small molecule
• ATC class: B01AC09
• Targets: 3 (PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR)
• Indications: 7 conditions
• Clinical trials: 14
• Chemistry: 352.5 Da · C20H32O5

Identifiers

Drug identity and classification

Field	Value
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL1139
Name	Epoprostenol
Type	Small molecule
Max phase	4
FDA approved	yes
PubChem CID	5282411
ChEBI	CHEBI:15552
ATC	B01AC09
Molecular formula	C20H32O5
Molecular weight	352.5
InChIKey	KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-OZUDYXHBSA-N

SMILES: CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)O)/O2)O)O

IUPAC name: (5Z)-5-[(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-hydroxy-4-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-ylidene]pentanoic acid

Other ChEBI roles (chemical / environmental): mouse metabolite.

Also known as: ACT-385781A, Epoprostenol, Pg-i2, Pgi2, Pgx, Prostacyclin, Prostaglandin i2, Prostaglandin x, U-53,217, U-53217, SID26754811, SID50112680

Parent form; salt/anhydrous children: CHEMBL962

Patent coverage: 11,502 distinct patent families (39,442 SureChEMBL compound mentions), from 1 matched compound structure(s). Mentions count patents naming the compound (not distinct inventions), so promiscuous / reference molecules inflate the mention figure — families are the dedup metric.

Targets

Targets

Primary targets (GtoPdb curated mechanism): the Cancer dependency column is the DepMap CRISPR fitness signal (% of screened cell lines dependent on the target).

Gene	Target	Action	pAffinity	Cancer dependency	UniProt
PTGER1	EP1 receptor	Full agonist	4.8	0.4%	P34995
PTGER4	EP4 receptor	Full agonist	5.1	0.5%	P35408
PTGIR	IP receptor	Agonist	7.8	0.2%	P43119

Broader ChEMBL bioactivity targets: 1 (assay-derived). Sample: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1.

Bioactivity

No ChEMBL bioactivity rows at pChembl ≥ 5 (expected for biologics / antibodies).

Target pathways

Aggregated over 3 target gene(s): PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR.

Top Reactome pathways

4 total, by targets touching each:

Pathway	Targets	Genes
Prostanoid ligand receptors	3	PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR
G alpha (s) signalling events	2	PTGER4, PTGIR
Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor	1	PTGIR
G alpha (q) signalling events	1	PTGER1

Dominant GO biological processes

GO term	Targets
inflammatory response	3
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	3
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	3
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	3
signal transduction	3
response to lipopolysaccharide	2
response to prostaglandin E	2
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	1
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of cytokine production	1
positive regulation of cytokine production	1
immune response	1
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1

Indications & clinical

Indications

7 indications (1 at ChEMBL trial phase 4). Phase below is the highest clinical-trial phase recorded for this drug against each disease — not the molecule’s overall approval status (that is in the Summary).

Indication	Trial phase	MONDO	EFO
thrombotic disease	4	MONDO:0000831	HP:0004419
pulmonary arterial hypertension	3	MONDO:0015924	EFO:0001361
pulmonary hypertension	3	MONDO:0005149	MONDO:0005149
subarachnoid hemorrhage	2	MONDO:0005099	EFO:0000713
ischemia reperfusion injury	2	MONDO:0005203	EFO:0002687
severe acute respiratory syndrome	2	MONDO:0005091	MONDO:0100096
brain injury	1	MONDO:0043510	MONDO:0043510

Clinical trials

Total trials: 14.

Phase distribution

Phase	Trials
PHASE4	5
Not specified	3
PHASE3	2
PHASE2	2
PHASE1	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00004754	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Phase IV Study of Chronic Infusional Epoprostenol for Severe Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
NCT00890214	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prostacyclin’s Effect on Platelet Responsiveness
NCT01014156	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Epoprostenol in Pulmonary Embolism
NCT01061060	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Prostaglandin I2 on the Endothelial Cell Function Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
NCT01717209	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Inhaled Nitric Oxide and Inhaled Prostacyclin After Cardiac Surgery for Heart Transplant or LVAD Placement
NCT01431716	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Epoprostenol for Injection (EFI/ACT-385781A) - Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
NCT01470144	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Epoprostenol for Injection in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
NCT01447095	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Effects of Prostacyclin Infusion on Cerebral Vessels and Metabolism in Patients With Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
NCT02251041	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL)
NCT00291395	PHASE1	TERMINATED	PGI2 Induced Headache and Cerebral Haemodynamics in Healthy Volunteers
NCT04594629	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	PGI2 Versus Nitroglycerine for Management of Pulmonary Hypertension After Valve Surgeries
NCT00510172	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Migraine Inducing Effects and Changes in Brain Haemodynamics of PGI2
NCT01266265	Not specified	COMPLETED	Study of Incidence of Respiratory Tract AEs in Patients Treated With Tyvaso® Compared to Other FDA Approved PAH Therapies
NCT01387191	Not specified	COMPLETED	Drug Use Investigation for FLOLAN (Epoprostenol) Injection 0.5mg・1.5mg

Clinical evidence (CIViC)

No CIViC predictive evidence (expected for non-precision-medicine drugs).

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenomics

No PharmGKB pharmacogenomic data curated for this drug.

Related molecules

Related molecules

Molecules sharing ≥1 of this drug’s curated primary targets, merged from two biobtree sources and ranked by shared-target count, then clinical phase: ChEMBL clinical-stage candidates (development phase ≥2) and PubChem drug-class bioactivity (approved / known drugs acting on the target). Deduplicated by drug name; the drug’s own salt forms are excluded. Note: for a drug with few primary targets a shared-target match can reflect off-target / promiscuous binding rather than the same therapeutic mechanism — the phase ordering surfaces bona-fide therapeutics first.

22 molecules share ≥1 primary target. Top 22 by shared-target count:

Molecule	Source	Status	Shared targets
DINOPROST	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR
DINOPROSTONE	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR
RALINEPAG	ChEMBL	Phase 3	PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR
Grapiprant	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 2 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGER4, PTGIR
ILOPROST	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGIR
TREPROSTINIL	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGIR
LAROPIPRANT	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGIR
Omidenepag	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 2 (approved)	PTGER1, PTGER4
omidenepag isopropyl	PubChem	Approved	PTGER1, PTGER4
ALPROSTADIL	ChEMBL + PubChem	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGIR
SELEXIPAG	ChEMBL	Phase 4 (approved)	PTGIR
TIMAPIPRANT	ChEMBL	Phase 3	PTGIR
BGC-20-1531	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGER4
BGC-20-1531 FREE BASE	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGER4
BMS-986310	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGER4
BUTAPROST	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGIR
CLOPROSTENOL	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGER1
LASELIPAG	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGIR
PALUPIPRANT	ChEMBL	Phase 2	PTGER4
Belzutifan	PubChem	Approved	PTGIR
Indomethacin	PubChem	Approved	PTGIR
Yohimbine	PubChem	Approved	PTGIR